Test Bank

Chapter 11: Planning for Parenthood

Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following statements is true about the fertility rate in the United States?

a. It is slowly increasing.

b. It is rapidly increasing.

c. It is the lowest it’s been in the past 30 years.

d. It is at its lowest point in history.

Learning Objective: 11.1: Discuss the social influences that encourage childbearing and the individual motivations for having children or remaining child-free.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Do You Want to Have Children?

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. About how many children are born each year in the United States?

a. 2 million

b. 4 million

c. 8 million

d. 12 million

Learning Objective: 11.1: Discuss the social influences that encourage childbearing and the individual motivations for having children or remaining child-free.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Do You Want to Have Children?

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. What term describes the birth rate at which a population remains stable from one generation to the next?

a. crude birth rate

b. fertility rate

c. infant morality

d. replacement level

Learning Objective: 11.1: Discuss the social influences that encourage childbearing and the individual motivations for having children or remaining child-free.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Do You Want to Have Children?

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. If a politician describes his/her country as pronatal, this means that society ______.

a. supports reproductive rights

b. encourages childbearing

c. values young people

d. loves babies

Learning Objective: 11.1: Discuss the social influences that encourage childbearing and the individual motivations for having children or remaining child-free.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Social Influences that Encourage Childbearing

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Tanisha was raised in a loving family of five children. Based on the principle of modeling, how is this experience likely to affect Tanisha?

a. She is likely to remain single.

b. She is likely to experience high fertility.

c. She is likely to have children.

d. She is likely to seek multiple romantic partners.

Learning Objective: 11.1: Discuss the social influences that encourage childbearing and the individual motivations for having children or remaining child-free.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Family of Orientation

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Which ethnic group has the highest fertility rate in the U.S.?

a. Hispanic

b. African American

c. White

d. Asian American

Learning Objective: 11.1: Discuss the social influences that encourage childbearing and the individual motivations for having children or remaining child-free.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Race

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Which of the following is an incentive provided by the U.S. government for having children?

a. subsidized healthcare

b. lower taxes

c. free schooling

d. loan forgiveness

Learning Objective: 11.1: Discuss the social influences that encourage childbearing and the individual motivations for having children or remaining child-free.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Government

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. For many reasons, Mia has decided it’s time to get pregnant. Which of Mia’s reasons represents a negative motivation?

a. fulfilling her need to be a loving parent

b. desire to nurture her own child

c. gaining her partner's approval

d. companionship

Learning Objective: 11.1: Discuss the social influences that encourage childbearing and the individual motivations for having children or remaining child-free.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Individual Motivations for Having Children

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. What statement is accurate about unintended pregnancies?

a. They don’t occur when a couple uses contraception.

b. A mistimed pregnancy may be an unintended pregnancy.

c. This represents over 50% of all pregnancies.

d. The result is an unwanted child.

Learning Objective: 11.1: Discuss the social influences that encourage childbearing and the individual motivations for having children or remaining child-free.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Unintended Pregnancies

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Lina and Dave are newlyweds who agreed to delay children until they save more money. Lina is lonely because Dave travels so much, so she stops using birth control in order to secretly conceive. This is an example of ______.

a. unintended pregnancy

b. sexual coercion

c. intimate partner violence

d. reproductive coercion

Learning Objective: 11.1: Discuss the social influences that encourage childbearing and the individual motivations for having children or remaining child-free.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Unintended Pregnancies

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. According to Shreffler’s (2017) research, women in professional jobs tend to experience ______.

a. greater barriers to having children

b. less desire for having children

c. fewer intimate partner relationships

d. more financial incentives for having children

Learning Objective: 11.1: Discuss the social influences that encourage childbearing and the individual motivations for having children or remaining child-free.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Lifestyle Changes

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. The Baby Think It Over (BTIO) simulation is designed to ______.

a. develop parenting skills

b. assess childrearing techniques

c. demonstrate how babies affect one’s lifestyle

d. encourage multiple pregnancies

Learning Objective: 11.1: Discuss the social influences that encourage childbearing and the individual motivations for having children or remaining child-free.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Lifestyle Changes

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. For an average middle-class family, the U.S. Department of Agriculture estimates the costs for caring for a child born today until age 18 to be about ______.

a. $23,000

b. $133,000

c. $233,000

d. $533,000

Learning Objective: 11.1: Discuss the social influences that encourage childbearing and the individual motivations for having children or remaining child-free.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Financial Costs

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. If your child was ready to start college today at an in-state public university, how much would you expect to pay for his or her four-year degree?

a. around $50,000

b. around $75,000

c. around $100,000

d. around $200,000

Learning Objective: 11.1: Discuss the social influences that encourage childbearing and the individual motivations for having children or remaining child-free.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Financial Costs

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. What is the top reason for remaining childfree?

a. not having a maternal/paternal instinct

b. current high level of life and relationship satisfaction

c. fear of losing freedom or independence

d. no desire to have responsibility for a child

Learning Objective: 11.1: Discuss the social influences that encourage childbearing and the individual motivations for having children or remaining child-free.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Living Child-free

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. According to data from 2011–2015, among U.S. women ages 40–44 who have given birth, the greatest number had ______.

a. one child

b. two children

c. three children

d. four or more children

Learning Objective: 11.2: Explain the considerations parents must take into account when deciding how many children to have.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: How Many Children Do You Want?

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. What parental resources are most affected by the birth of each new child?

a. cognitive processing

b. social approval

c. capacity for love

d. time and money

Learning Objective: 11.2: Explain the considerations parents must take into account when deciding how many children to have.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: How Many Children Do You Want?

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. What is a disadvantage of using IUDs for contraception?

a. its efficacy

b. the lack of protection against STIs

c. its irreversibility

d. the ability to use it long-term

Learning Objective: 11.2: Explain the considerations parents must take into account when deciding how many children to have.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Methods of Contraception

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. How long after intercourse is the window of opportunity for effectively using emergency contraception?

a. 1 to 6 hours

b. up to 12 hours

c. up to 72 hours

d. up to 144 hours

Learning Objective: 11.2: Explain the considerations parents must take into account when deciding how many children to have.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Methods of Contraception

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. For non-Hispanic women, the most preferred family size in the U.S. is ______.

a. no children

b. one child

c. two children

d. three children

Learning Objective: 11.2: Explain the considerations parents must take into account when deciding how many children to have.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Two Children

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. What increases the likelihood of a three child family?

a. desire for a middle child

b. being a same-sex couple

c. high educational status of parents

d. having two female children

Learning Objective: 11.2: Explain the considerations parents must take into account when deciding how many children to have.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Three Children

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. Ginny comes from a family of seven children. When her siblings start getting married and having children, Ginny and her husband begin their family, too. Every time one of her sisters has a new baby, Ginny also gets pregnant. She is proud that she and her husband have provided the most grandchildren for their parents. This situation seems to reflect ______.

a. competitive birthing

b. poor contraceptive knowledge

c. religious procreation

d. child neglect

Learning Objective: 11.2: Explain the considerations parents must take into account when deciding how many children to have.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Four Children

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. Firms such as MicroSort, which sell sex selection technologies to couples, are marketing the desire for ______.

a. female empowerment

b. family balancing

c. male heirs

d. reproductive rights

Learning Objective: 11.2: Explain the considerations parents must take into account when deciding how many children to have.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sex Selection

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. What community trait is associated with teen parenthood?

a. poverty and low educational attainment

b. average to high religiosity

c. low unemployment rate

d. high college graduation rates

Learning Objective: 11.3: Discuss the phenomenon of teen parenthood.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Teenage Parenthood

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. In American society, a common reason for a teenaged girl to want a baby is the desire to ______.

a. cement a romantic partnership

b. add to her family’s resources

c. be needed and wanted

d. avoid going to college

Learning Objective: 11.3: Discuss the phenomenon of teen parenthood.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Teenage Parenthood

Difficulty Level: Medium

26. A woman experiencing primary infertility has ______.

a. never conceived, but isn’t really trying to

b. never conceived, despite regular sexual relations over the past year

c. conceived a child but been unable to carry it to term

d. previously conceived, but can no longer do so

Learning Objective: 11.4: Know the causes of infertility and technology available to help create a pregnancy.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Infertility

Difficulty Level: Easy

27. Which assisted reproductive technology increases the likelihood of multiple births?

a. hormone therapy

b. ovum transfer

c. artificial insemination

d. artificial insemination of surrogate

Learning Objective: 11.4: Know the causes of infertility and technology available to help create a pregnancy.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Hormone Therapy

Difficulty Level: Easy

28. When is artificial insemination typically used?

a. The male partner is over age 30.

b. The female partner's fallopian tubes are blocked.

c. Sperm of the male partner are low in count or motility.

d. The female partner has a hormonal imbalance.

Learning Objective: 11.4: Know the causes of infertility and technology available to help create a pregnancy.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Artificial Insemination

Difficulty Level: Easy

29. Fertilization of a mature egg takes place outside the female partner’s body during which two types of assisted reproductive technologies?

a. cryopreservation and use of donor sperm

b. in vitro fertilization and ovum transfer

c. hormone therapy and artificial insemination of a surrogate mother

d. artificial insemination by husband and artificial insemination by donor

Learning Objective: 11.4: Know the causes of infertility and technology available to help create a pregnancy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: In Vitro Fertilization

Difficulty Level: Medium

30. The ______ of a ______ increases the success of a woman getting pregnant using reproductive technologies.

a. young age; woman

b. higher salary; man

c. old age; man

d. higher BMI; woman

Learning Objective: 11.4: Know the causes of infertility and technology available to help create a pregnancy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Success using Reproductive Technologies

Difficulty Level: Medium

31. Although they did not talk about it much, Randall’s grandmother adopted him when he was just a baby, soon after his parents were killed in an accident. This is an example of a(n) ______ adoption.

a. public

b. private

c. kinship

d. independent

Learning Objective: 11.5: Summarize the motives for adoption and the demographics of who adopts and who is adopted.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Adoption

Difficulty Level: Medium

32. Burge’s (2016) research involving nearly 6,000 potential adoptive parents revealed that people are more willing to adopt a child with what potential exposure or health diagnosis?

a. children who had been abused

b. children with emotional behavioral disorders

c. children with learning disabilities

d. children with physical disabilities

Learning Objective: 11.5: Summarize the motives for adoption and the demographics of who adopts and who is adopted.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Characteristics of Children Preferred for Adoption

Difficulty Level: Easy

33. The W.I.S.E. UP tool suggests that adoptees respond to intrusive questions in what way?

a. Embrace what makes you different.

b. Share what you are comfortable sharing.

c. The world needs to mind its own business.

d. Instigate an aggressive response.

Learning Objective: 11.5: Summarize the motives for adoption and the demographics of who adopts and who is adopted.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Children Who Are Adopted

Difficulty Level: Easy

34. Which route to adoption is the most expensive?

a foster parent

b. kinship

c. stepparent

d. private agency

Learning Objective: 11.5: Summarize the motives for adoption and the demographics of who adopts and who is adopted.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Costs of Adoption

Difficulty Level: Easy

35. The potential for child abuse is especially high in ______ adoption.

a. embryo

b. transracial

c. kinship

d. internet

Learning Objective: 11.5: Summarize the motives for adoption and the demographics of who adopts and who is adopted.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Internet Adoption

Difficulty Level: Medium

36. What is the most popular contraceptive method among women who have completed their families?

a. abstinence

b. birth control pill

c. sterilization

d. IUD

Learning Objective: 11.6: Discuss the types of abortion and the outcome of having an abortion.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sterilization

Difficulty Level: Easy

37. Which form of sterilization involves removing the uterus?

a. essure

b. laparoscopy

c. oophorectomy

d. hysterectomy

Learning Objective: 11.6: Discuss the types of abortion and the outcome of having an abortion.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Female Sterilization

Difficulty Level: Easy

38. A man who has a vasectomy loses the ability to ______.

a. have intercourse

b. sustain an erection

c. fully enjoy an orgasm

d. impregnate a woman

Learning Objective: 11.6: Discuss the types of abortion and the outcome of having an abortion.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Male Sterilization

Difficulty Level: Easy

39. Which statement about induced abortion in the United States is accurate?

a. Up until the 1970s, abortions in this country were always illegal.

b. The decision in Roe v. Wade upholds a woman’s right to an abortion.

c. The number of abortions performed annually is increasing across all groups.

d. States are not allowed to place restrictions on abortion access.

Learning Objective: 11.6: Discuss the types of abortion and the outcome of having an abortion.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Incidence of Abortion

Difficulty Level: Easy

40. According to the American Psychological Association, the risks of mental health problems for women having one legal, nontherapeutic abortion are ______.

a. nonexistent

b. relatively high

c. similar to those experiencing an unplanned pregnancy

d. low prior to the abortion and high after the abortion

Learning Objective: 11.6: Discuss the types of abortion and the outcome of having an abortion.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Psychological Effects of Abortion

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. Generally speaking, most people want to have children.

Learning Objective: 11.1: Discuss the social influences that encourage childbearing and the individual motivations for having children or remaining child-free.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Do You Want to Have Children?

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Some religious faiths teach that having children is the purpose of marriage.

Learning Objective: 11.1: Discuss the social influences that encourage childbearing and the individual motivations for having children or remaining child-free.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Religion

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Pregnancy cannot occur when using contraception.

Learning Objective: 11.1: Discuss the social influences that encourage childbearing and the individual motivations for having children or remaining child-free.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Unintended Pregnancies

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. The side effects of using postcoital contraception mostly consist of nausea and vomiting.

Learning Objective: 11.2: Explain the considerations parents must take into account when deciding how many children to have.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Methods of Contraception

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. If your mother was age 16 when she had you, you will likely see having a child as a teenager as normative.

Learning Objective: 11.3: Discuss the phenomenon of teen parenthood.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Teenage Parenthood

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. The U.S. has a lower teen pregnancy rate than most industrialized countries.

Learning Objective: 11.3: Discuss the phenomenon of teen parenthood.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Teenage Parenthood

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. The chances of successful ovum transfer and a sustained pregnancy increase when fresh embryos are used.

Learning Objective: 11.4: Know the causes of infertility and technology available to help create a pregnancy.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Ovum Transfer

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. There are one or two remaining legal restrictions on transracial adoption in the U.S.

Learning Objective: 11.5: Summarize the motives for adoption and the demographics of who adopts and who is adopted.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Transracial Adoption

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. A legal abortion performed under safe medical conditions is safer than continuing a pregnancy.

Learning Objective: 11.6: Discuss the types of abortion and the outcome of having an abortion.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Physical Effects of Abortion

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. In the Western world, the stigma against being childfree is rising.

Learning Objective: 11.7: Predict the future of planning for children.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Future of Planning for Children

Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

1. Consider your own attitude towards having children or remaining childfree. What factors have influenced you? At this moment in time, what is your decision about having children?

Learning Objective: 11.1: Discuss the social influences that encourage childbearing and the individual motivations for having children or remaining child-free.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Social Influences that Encourage Childbearing

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. What are couples’ reasons for using sex selection technology? Would you consider using a similar product? Why?

Learning Objective: 11.2: Explain the considerations parents must take into account when deciding how many children to have.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Sex Selection

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. What is the “perfect” number of children? Make a case for having a one, two, three, or greater number of children, or for remaining childfree. (Note: this does not necessarily reflect your personal choice.)

Learning Objective: 11.2: Explain the considerations parents must take into account when deciding how many children to have.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: How Many Children Do You Want?

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. Create a scenario that reveals a couple’s motivation for adoption and what route they might choose. Use details and examples to support your ideas.

Learning Objective: 11.5: Summarize the motives for adoption and the demographics of who adopts and who is adopted.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Adoption

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. Compare the beliefs of pro-life and pro-choice groups. Include a discussion of what each group might believe about parental consent and notification laws.

Learning Objective: 11.6: Discuss the types of abortion and the outcome of having an abortion.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Abortion

Difficulty Level: Hard