Personality Test Bank Ch.11 OpenStax

OpenStax Psychology 2e Test Bank – Chapter 11: Personality

Multiple Choice

1. ________ is a state of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar.

A. Congruence

B. Egotism

C. Incongruence

D. Self--efficacy

Text Section: 11.1 What is Personality?
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Easy

2. According to Galen, the ________ person is passionate, ambitious, and bold.

A. choleric

B. melancholic

C. phlegmatic

D. sanguine

Text Section: 11.1 What is Personality?
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult

3. Galen used the terms calm, reliable, and thoughtful to describe a ________ person.

A. choleric

B. melancholic

C. phlegmatic

D. sanguine

Text Section: 11.1 What is Personality?
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult

4. Asa is buying a gift for his mother, an overbearing woman who is difficult to please. When a clerk asks him who he is shopping for he replies, “my smother” instead of “my mother.” What does this exemplify?

A. archetype

B. collective unconscious

C. Freudian slip

D. repressed memory

Text Section: 11.2 Freud and the Psychodynamic Perspective
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate

5. Sigmund Freud suggested that people who are dominated by their ________ might be narcissistic and impulsive.

A. ego

B. id

C. superego

D. unconscious

Text Section: 11.2 Freud and the Psychodynamic Perspective
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult

6. Ina can no longer read the street signs, but she refuses to admit she needs glasses to drive. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?

A. denial

B. displacement

C. rationalization

D. rejection

Text Section: 11.2 Freud and the Psychodynamic Perspective
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate

7. After Mike does not get the job he interviewed for, he moves back in with his parents and spends his days playing video games. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?

A. reaction formation

B. regression

C. repression

D. sublimation

Text Section: 11.2 Freud and the Psychodynamic Perspective
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate

8. According to Sigmund Freud, an adult who smokes, drinks, overeats, or bites her nails is fixated in the ________ stage of her psychosexual development.

A. anal

B. genital

C. oral

D. phallic

Text Section: 11.2 Freud and the Psychodynamic Perspective
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate

9. According to Freud’s psychosexual theory of personality, the ________ stage involves a sexual reawakening as the incestuous urges resurface. The young person redirects these urges to other, more socially acceptable partners (who often resemble the other-sex parent).

A. anal

B. genital

C. oral

D. phallic

Text Section: 11.2 Freud and the Psychodynamic Perspective
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult

10. Who suggested that men have womb envy because they cannot give birth?

A. Abraham Maslow

B. Margaret Mahler

C. Karen Horney

D. Anna Freud

Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Difficult

11. A(n) ________ complex refers to the feeling that one lacks worth and doesn’t measure up to the standards of others or of society.

A. Freudian

B. inferiority

C. Electra

D. Oedipal

Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Moderate

12. Many cultures have stories about a hero who goes on a quest, such as Hercules, King Arthur, and Gilgamesh. What would Carl Jung say this exemplified?

A. archetypes

B. the id

C. the shadow

D. womb envy

Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate

13. Max’s behavior and self-presentation is relaxed and informal with his friends. When he goes on a job interview he projects professionalism and formality with his attire and language. What would Carl Jung suggest about Max?

A. Max adopted a professional persona for his job interview.

B. Max has become fixated at the Oedipal complex within the phallic stage.

C. Max is overcompensating for an inferiority complex that was established in childhood.

D. Max is an introvert who is trying hard to pretend that he is an extrovert.

Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate

14. When Marcos is unhappy, he is mean to other children; he calls them names and behaves aggressively toward them. He often manipulates his peers into doing what he wants. Which of Karen Horney’s coping strategy is Marcos using?

A. detachment

B. extroversion

C. moving against people

D. moving with people

Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Easy

15. What is the main difference between Sigmund Freud and the neo-Freudians?

A. Neo-Freudians reduced the emphasis on sex.

B. Neo-Freudians theorized about personality while Sigmund Freud did not.

C. Sigmund Freud did not emphasize childhood sexuality while the neo-Freudians did.

D. Sigmund Freud was a feminist while the neo-Freudians were not.

Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult

16. Which of the following was one of Alfred Adler’s main contributions to personality theory?

A. advocating for analytical psychology

B. suggesting that our birth order shapes our personality

C. the idea that men have womb envy

D. the theory that our personality develops in psychosocial stages

Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Difficult

17. What was the main idea behind Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development?

A. An individual’s personality develops throughout the lifespan.

B. An individual’s personality is determined in childhood.

C. Individuals are either introverts or extroverts.

D. The Electra complex caused women to be neurotic.

Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate

18. According to Carl Jung, which of the following best served the goal of self-realization?

A. ability of the extrovert to become an introvert in the second half of life

B. ability of the introvert to become an extrovert in the second half of life

C. balance between extroversion and introversion

D. moving past the archetypes of the collective unconscious

Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult

19. In Albert Bandura’s social-cognitive theory, behavior refers to ________.

A. actions that are internally motivated

B. anything an individual does that can be punished or rewarded

C. reactions that are externally motivated

D. actions that occur without conscious thought or intentionality

Text Section: 11.4 Learning Approaches
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Difficult

20. Tammy has a positive view of challenges: She views them as tasks to be mastered. She develops a deep interest in and a strong commitment to becoming a good teacher. When she doesn’t pass her first teaching praxis, she quickly recovers and works to overcome the setback. Albert Bandura would say Tammy has ________.

A. intrinsic motives

B. high self-efficacy

C. an introverted archetype

D. poor reciprocal determinism

Text Section: 11.4 Learning Approaches
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate

21. Jessica believes that she succeeds in high school because she works hard, earned a place on the basketball team because she practices constantly, and cooks well because she takes cooking classes. Julian Rotter would say that Jessica has ________.

A. an external locus on control

B. an internal locus of control

C. good self-regulation

D. poor self-regulation

Text Section: 11.4 Learning Approaches
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate

22. What is the advantage of applying learning approaches to the study of personality?

A. They are more respectful of feminist psychology concepts.

B. They are universal to virtually all cultures studied.

C. They can be scientifically tested because they involve observable actions.

D. They use animal research instead of relying on research with humans.

Text Section: 11.4 Learning Approaches
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult

23. What is the main idea of the behavioral perspective on personality?

A. Personality is formed solely in childhood and does not change after we hit puberty.

B. Personality is significantly shaped by the biology and genetic lineage of the organism.

C. Personality is significantly shaped by the reinforcements and consequences outside of the organism.

D. Personality theory should be based on social health and public interests.

Text Section: 11.4 Learning Approaches
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy

24. Which statement summarizes the main idea of reciprocal determinism?

A. Emotions are cognitive processes with behavioral antecedents.

B. How we cope with anxiety reflects our personality.

C. Our behavior, cognitive processes, and situational context all influence each other.

D. Our defense mechanisms are formed in childhood.

Text Section: 11.4 Learning Approaches
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult

25. According to Abraham Maslow, the highest need is ________.

A. the esteem of others

B. connections and affiliation

C. self-actualization

D. self-efficacy

Text Section: 11.5 Humanistic Approaches
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Easy

26. According to Carl Rogers, a healthy personality would result from congruence between one’s ______ self and their ________ self.

A. guided; achieved

B. internalized; externalized

C. idea; perceived

D. real; ideal

Text Section: 11.5 Humanistic Approaches
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate

27. How can parents help their children achieve high congruence?

A. forcing them to be independent from a nearly age

B. giving them unconditional positive regard

C. not allowing them to use their defense mechanisms

D. pointing out their mistakes so that they learn not to repeat them

Text Section: 11.5 Humanistic Approaches
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate

28 ________ describes a proportion of difference among people that is attributed to genetics.

A. Heritability

B. Personality

C. Temperament

D. Trait

Text Section: 11.6 Biological Approaches
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Moderate

29. Of the following options, which is not one of the temperaments first proposed by Thomas and Chess (1977)?

A. the easy baby

B. the difficult baby

C. the slow to warm up baby

D. the secure baby

Text Section: 11.6 Biological Approaches
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Easy

30. What was the primary finding of the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart?

A. Fraternal twins have very similar personalities whether raised together or apart.

B. Identical twins have very similar personality when raised together, but not when raised apart.

C. Identical twins, whether raised together or apart, have very similar personalities.

D. Twins of any kind have very similar personalities, regardless of where they are raised.

Text Section: 11.6 Biological Approaches
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Difficult

31. ________ theorists attempt to explain our personality by identifying our stable characteristics and ways of behaving.

A. Biological

B. Neo-Freudian

C. Humanistic

D. Trait

Text Section: 11.7 Trait Theorists
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy

32. Johanna is almost always nasty to people. She talks about others behind their backs, looks for ways to undercut classmates, and intentionally does things to impede other’s success. Virtually everyone she knows eventually grows to dislike her, often citing her nastiness as the reason why they don’t want to be around her. According to Allport, this negativity seems to be a(n) ________ trait for Johanna.

A. tertiary

B. secondary

C. central

D. cardinal

Text Section: 11.7 Trait Theorists
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate

33. What was the third personality dimension eventually proposed by Hans and Sybil Eysenck?

A. introversion versus extraversion

B. agreeableness versus unpleasantness

C. neuroticism versus emotional stability

D. psychoticism versus superego control

Text Section: 11.7 Trait Theorists
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Easy

34. In the HEXACO model of personality traits, to what does the “X” refer?

A. extraversion

B. honesty

C. cross-culturalism

D. emotionality

Text Section: 11.7 Trait Theorists
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Easy

35. Sally really loves being outdoors. She likes to hike, do yoga in the warm sun, and go for long camping trips. She and her wife move to Arizona from New York so that they can enjoy these activities in warmer weather for most of the year. This process of moving to an area that is most suited for one’s personality tendencies is called selective ________.

A. compartmentalization

B. migration

C. relocation

D. homesteading

Text Section: 11.8 Cultural Understandings of Personality
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Easy

36. Which individual is probably not living in a culture that promotes a collectivist view of the world?

A. Marta, who lives in Brazil

B. Aaron, who lives in South Africa

C. Margaret, who lives in South Kora

D. James, who lives in England

Text Section: 11.8 Cultural Understandings of Personality
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate

37. What was responsible for the development of the indigenous model of studying the cultural context of personality?

A. the dominance of Western approaches to studying personality in non-Western cultures

B. the reality that many indigenous cultures were slowly disappearing from existence

C. the unwillingness of professional journals to publish studies whose participants did not reflect different cultural backgrounds

D. the American Psychological Association’s ethical guidelines requiring a multicultural approach to all research

Text Section: 11.8 Cultural Understandings of Personality
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult

38. How many different scales are used to compile a profile from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)?

A. 6

B. 8

C. 10

D. 12

Text Section: 11.9 Personality Assessment
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Easy

39. The ________ uses images and storytelling that relate to minority cultures.

A. Rorschach test

B. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

C. TEMAS Multicultural Thematic Apperception Test

D. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Text Section: 11.9 Personality Assessment
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Difficult

40. The ________ Concerning Blacks Test is a projective test designed to be culturally relevant to African-Americans, using images that relate to African-American lifestyles.

A. Contemporary Stereotypes

B. Contemporized-Themes

C. Cultural Norms

D. Thematic Subjects

Text Section: 11.9 Personality Assessment
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Easy

Short Answer

41. The area of study first proposed by Franz Gall, in which it was believed that personality traits could be uncovered by studying the bumps on someone’s skull, was called ________.

Text Section: 11.1 What is Personality?
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Moderate

42. Choose two of Freud’s proposed defense mechanisms, define them, and give an example.

Answers will vary.

Text Section: 11.2 Freud and the Psychodynamic Perspective
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Easy

43. Briefly describe what Freud meant when he discussed the Oedipus complex.

Text Section: 11.2 Freud and the Psychodynamic Perspective
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Difficult

44. In Jung’s analytical psychology model, the ________ unconscious was a proposed storehouse of mental patterns or traces, including ancestral memories, that are shared by all human beings.

Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Easy

45. Briefly explain the difference between cardinal, central, and secondary traits according to Gordon Allport.

Text Section: 11.7 Trait Theorists
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate

46. What are the three methods of studying personality in a cultural context that are mentioned in the textbook?

Text Section: 11.8 Cultural Understandings of Personality

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Difficult

47. Select one of the projective personality tests and describe how it is administered.

Answers will vary.

Text Section: 11.9 Personality Assessment

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Essay

48. How do the id, ego, and superego combine to form personality?

Text Section: 11.2 Freud and the Psychodynamic Perspective
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate

49. Provide a real-life example for the three aspects of reciprocal determinism.

Text Section: 11.4 Learning Approaches
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult

50. Compare and contrast the Five Factor model with the HEXACO model of personality traits.

Answers will vary.

Text Section: 11.7 Trait Theorists
Bloom’s Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Difficult