Full Test Bank Social Psychology Ch.12

OpenStax Psychology 2e Test Bank – Chapter 12: Social Psychology

Multiple Choice

1. The field of social psychology studies topics at the intrapersonal level. These topics include ________.

A. emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition

B. ethnographies, case studies, archives, and statistics

C. prejudice and discrimination, helping behavior, aggression, and group processes

D. society and social interaction, families, ecology, and religion

Text Section: 12.1 What is Social Psychology?
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate

2. What is the main point of the quizmaster study?

A. People will overlook obvious dispositional influences on their behavior.

B. People will attack other people by claiming situational influences are making them behave badly.

C. People will defend themselves by claiming situational influences changed their behavior.

D. People will overlook obvious situational influences on behavior.

Text Section: 12.1 What is Social Psychology?
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult

3. Which of the following is an example of a self-serving bias?

A. Leonard attributes earning a good grade in his psychology class to the fact that he is an exceptionally hard working student who is also incredibly smart. He blames the poor grade he received in his sociology class on having a bad teacher who gave hard exams.

B. Leonard gets a bad grade in his psychology class and a good grade in his sociology class, so he believes he should study harder to prepare for his next psychology exam.

C. Leonard gets bad grades in sociology and psychology, so he switches his major to biology because he will like it more.

D. Leonard gets good grades in sociology and psychology, so he sends his professors a card thanking them for what good professors they are.

Text Section: 12.1 What is Social Psychology?
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate

4. ________ holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors, such as individual traits or temperaments.

A. Collectivism

B. Dispositionism

C. Moralism

D. Situationism

Text Section: 12.1 What is Social Psychology?
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Easy

5. Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she is just a nasty person, and does not consider that she may just have had a bad day and is venting. Lee is demonstrating ________.

A. groupthink

B. the self-serving bias

C. the actor-observer effect

D. the fundamental attribution error

Text Section: 12.1 What is Social Psychology?
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult

6. The ________ hypothesis is the ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve.

A. equal status

B. come-uppance

C. just-world

D. equipoentiality

Text Section: 12.1 What is Social Psychology?
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Moderate

7. Within the field of social psychology, a script is defined as a ________.

A. person’s knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting

B. prescription for psychotropic medicine

C. set of instructions to be carried out without deviation

D. written record of a person’s history, including their actions and qualities

Text Section: 12.2 Self-Presentation
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Moderate

8. What was the main conclusion drawn from the Stanford prison experiment?

A. social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior

B. students cannot be relied upon to act appropriately

C. students cannot be trusted in roles of authority

D. when operating in a group, some people will put forth less effort than if they were operating alone

Text Section: 12.2 Self-Presentation
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy

9. Erikah has just arrived at the funeral of her friend’s father. Even though Erikah is usually very outspoken and jovial, she keeps her voice down, expresses her sympathy to the family members, and sits quietly and respectfully during the religious service. Erikah is following the ________ of how to behave in this particular situation.

A. social role

B. social norm

C. script

D. heuristic

Text Section: 12.2 Self-Presentation
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult

10. The behavior of soldiers who abused prisoners at the Abu Ghraib facility during the Iraq war was predicted by the Stanford Prison Experiment that was overseen by social psychologist ________.

A. John Cacioppo

B. Solomon Asch

C. Stanley Milgram

D. Philip Zimbardo

Text Section: 12.2 Self-Presentation
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Easy

11. What is a social role?

A. group’s expectations regarding what is appropriate and acceptable for the thoughts and behavior of its members

B. group’s knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting

C. person’s knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting

D. a pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group

Text Section: 12.2 Self-Presentation
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Difficult

12. When a person is making a persuasive argument that utilizes the ________ route, they rely on factors unrelated to their actual message to persuade their listener. The hope is that these factors will encourage positivity with the message itself.

A. central

B. haloed

C. compliance

D. peripheral

Text Section: 12.3 Attitudes and Persuasion
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult

13. Which type of persuasion approach involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item?

A. door-in-the-face strategy

B. foot-in-the-door technique

C. lowball technique

D. effort justification strategy

Text Section: 12.3 Attitudes and Persuasion
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Moderate

14. Which of the following is the best example of central route persuasion?

A. anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use

B. anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year

C. encouraging your parents to quit smoking by switching to chewing tobacco, then convincing them to chew less tobacco each week

D. supporting your sister who has decided to go cold turkey in order to quit smoking

Text Section: 12.3 Attitudes and Persuasion
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult

15. Which of the following is the best example of the foot-in-the-door technique of persuasion?

A. anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use

B. anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year

C. getting your parents to agree to cut their smoking down by a few cigarettes, then asking them to quit altogether

D. supporting your sister who has decided to go cold turkey in order to quit smoking

Text Section: 12.3 Attitudes and Persuasion
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Easy

16. Which of the following is the best example of peripheral route persuasion?

A. anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use

B. anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year

C. encouraging your parents to quit smoking by switching to chewing tobacco, then convincing them to chew less tobacco each week

D. supporting your sister who has decided to go cold turkey in order to quit smoking

Text Section: 12.3 Attitudes and Persuasion
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult

17. Henry is juror number four in a murder trial. He believes the accused is guilty, but when the jurors vote it becomes clear he is the only one that thinks this way. Henry votes not guilty along with the other jurors despite what he sees as evidence clearly indicating guilt. This is an example of the ________ effect.

A. Asch

B. Cacioppo

C. Milgram

D. Zimbardo

Text Section: 12.4 Conformity, Compliance, and Obedience
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Easy

18. During which kind of situation might a person be most likely to yield to the effects of informational social influence?

A. when they feel sure of their own decisions

B. when the correct choice is unclear

C. when they really want to be liked by a group of peers

D. when they have no personal investment in the outcome of their actions

Text Section: 12.4 Conformity, Compliance, and Obedience
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate

19. In Stanley Milgram’s obedience research, the person playing the part of the “learner” was an accomplice, or ________, of the experiment. He was aware of the true purpose of the research, was never shocked, and was acting according to Milgram’s instructions.

A. ally

B. associate

C. confederate

D. union

Text Section: 12.4 Conformity, Compliance, and Obedience
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Easy

20. Suppose you hate reality shows, but you pretend to like them in order to fit in, feel good, and be accepted by your friends, who all love reality television. This is an example of ________ social influence.

A. groupthink

B. informational

C. confirmatory

D. normative

Text Section: 12.4 Conformity, Compliance, and Obedience
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Easy

21. ________ is the strengthening of an original group attitude after the discussion of views within a group.

A. Cognitive dissonance

B. Group polarization

C. Social loafing

D. Social facilitation

Text Section: 12.4 Conformity, Compliance, and Obedience
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Easy

22. Which statement about groupthink is correct?

A. Group members modify their opinion to go against what they believe is the group consensus.

B. Group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus.

C. Group members will never agree if there is a minority influence present.

D. Group members will use brainstorming to discover the solution that most group members agree on.

Text Section: 12.4 Conformity, Compliance, and Obedience
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult

23. What is the main point of the textbook discussion of Milgram’s obedience study?

A. When acting in a group, people will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person.

B. Individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person.

C. Stanley Milgram was driven by political and personal agendas that demonstrated how research can be biased.

D. Research is only useful if it can be successfully replicated time and time again.

Text Section: 12.4 Conformity, Compliance, and Obedience
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult

24. Which of the following strategies would effectively prevent groupthink from occurring?

A. avoiding the development of any contingency plans

B. having the group leader make their position known before discussion begins

C. seeking outside opinions on group decisions

D. voting publicly in front of group members

Text Section: 12.4 Conformity, Compliance, and Obedience
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult

25. Fantasia believes that people with blue eyes are somehow more creative than other people. Whenever Fantasia encounters a person that has blue eyes and is creative, she places greater importance on this evidence supporting her already existing belief. At the same time, Fantasia ignores any evidence that people without blue eyes might display exceptional creativity. This is called a(n) ________.

A. confirmation bias

B. availability heuristic

C. representativeness bias

D. self-fulfilling prophecy

Text Section: 12.5 Prejudice and Discrimination
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult

26. A negative attitude and feeling toward an individual that is based solely on that person’s membership in a specific group is called ________.

A. discrimination

B. a stereotype

C. prejudice

D. conformity

Text Section: 12.5 Prejudice and Discrimination

Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Easy

27. Orlando shares with a friend that he does not like people who are homosexual, and that he goes out of his way at work to avoid helping customers who he suspects are gay. His friend says to him, “man, that isn’t a cool way to be. You do realize that you’re expressing a form of prejudice called ________, don’t you?”

A. gender dysphoria

B. asexuality

C. transphobia

D. homophobia

Text Section: 12.5 Prejudice and Discrimination
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Easy

28. Jasmin belongs to the chess club on her campus. She prefers to associate with other members of the chess club while avoiding people that do not belong to this group. She thinks that those who do not play chess must be less intelligent than those who do, and thus she doesn’t want to spend time with them. Jasmin has a(n) ________ bias.

A. confirmation

B. in-group

C. out-group

D. scapegoating

Text Section: 12.5 Prejudice and Discrimination
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Easy

29. During the international coronavirus pandemic, many people began acting aggressively toward individuals of Chinese descent, blaming them for the virus even though most of those people had lived in the United States for their entire lives. Those Chinese-Americans were the victim of a process called ________.

A. confirmation bias

B. effort justification

B. in-group bias

D. scapegoating

Text Section: 12.5 Prejudice and Discrimination
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate

30. Suppose you are walking down a street. A woman has fallen down, but because there are so many people around it does not occur to you that you should help. You just assume someone else is about to help her and keep walking. This is an example of ________.

A. aggression

B. cognitive dissonance

C. diffusion of responsibility

D. prosocial behavior

Text Section: 12.6 Aggression
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Easy

31. According to the frustration aggression theory, which of the following is likely to occur when Simon gets frustrated with his toilet training?

A. Simon bites his mother

B. Simon goes to sleep

C. Simon retreats to a corner and mopes

D. Simon’s mother gets frustrated with Simon

Text Section: 12.6 Aggression
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate

32. What is a main feature of the jigsaw classroom?

A. participants are required to express at least one of their own held biases or prejudices

B. people work together toward a superordinate goal that cannot be achieved without cooperation

C. adults are forced to work together to solve a puzzle but does not know that there are pieces missing

D. students work together with others who are of different racial backgrounds or different ability sets

Text Section: 12.6 Aggression
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Difficult

33. Why are girls more likely than boys to be victims of cyberbullying?

A. because girls are more likely to share photographs of themselves on social media sites

B. because girls are found to spend more time online

C. because it is a less direct and nonphysical form of bullying

D. because girls’ parents tend spend less time monitoring their daughters’ online activities

Text Section: 12.6 Aggression
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate

34. Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding social exchange theory?

A. Most people are dissatisfied if their social exchanges create more costs than benefits.

B. People are dissatisfied if their social exchanges create more costs than benefits unless the relationship is an example of consummate love.

C. People are motivated to maximize the benefits of social exchanges, or relationships, and minimize the costs.

D. People prefer to have more benefits than costs or to have nearly equal costs and benefits.

Text Section: 12.7 Prosocial Behavior
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult

35. Ashley and Mikhail share their intimate thoughts and emotions, are physically attracted to each other and have an active and satisfying sex life, and are each deeply committed to supporting each other. They share ________ love.

A. consummate

B. fatuous

C. companionate

D. romantic

Text Section: 12.7 Prosocial Behavior
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate

36. Rhona and Jerome share each other’s thoughts and feelings and are prepared to support each other, but they do not feel any real passion toward each other. They have a relationship based on ________ love.

A. companionate

B. consummate

C. fatuous

D. romantic

Text Section: 12.7 Prosocial Behavior
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult

37. When Jacob came home from work upset about a disagreement he’d had with his boss, his wife Jodi sat down to listen to him. She imagined the argument that had occurred, and tried to understand how her husband was feeling. Jodi is demonstrating a high level of ________.

A. sympathy

B. instrumental support

C. empathy

D. infatuation

Text Section: 12.7 Prosocial Behavior
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate

38. What is the single most important fact that predicts the person with whom you will become friends or have a romantic relationship?

A. your financial wellbeing

B. your physical attractiveness

C. your similarity to others you meet

D. the amount of contact you have with people

Text Section: 12.7 Prosocial Behavior
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult

39. Heather and Mike share the household chores as equally as possible. They take turns with the cooking and driving their son to daycare. Both of them work outside the home, and each of them takes responsibility for child care one night a week to give the other one a break. We can say that their relationship has a high level of ________.

A. altruism

B. groupthink

C. reciprocity

D. infatuation

Text Section: 12.7 Prosocial Behavior
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Easy

Short Answer

40. How is situationism different from dispositionism?

Text Section: 12.1 What is Social Psychology?
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate

41. Identify several aspects of an individualistic culture and a collectivistic culture

Text Section: 12.1 What is Social Psychology?
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Easy

42. How does a social norm differ from a script?

Text Section: 12.2 Self-Presentation
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate

43. What are the three components of an attitude? Give an example of an attitude and distinguish each of these three components for those components.

Text Section: 12.3 Attitudes and Persuasion
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate

44. Name at least two of the characteristics of groupthink.

• the belief that the group is morally correct.
• when group members censor their own opinions, withholding information that is contrary to what the group has decided.
• everyone thinks they share a unanimous viewpoint.
• quashing the opinions of dissenting group members
• perceiving the group as invulnerable and/or invincible
• shielding the group leader from dissenting views
• holding stereotypes or negative attitudes toward out-group or others with differing views

Text Section: 12.4 Conformity, Compliance, and Obedience
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Difficult

45. Identify at least two of the different forms of prejudice and discrimination that were discussed in the textbook.

Text Section: 12.5 Prejudice and Discrimination
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Easy

46. Define instrumental aggression and provide a real-life example.

Text Section: 12.6 Aggression
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Easy

Essay

47. What are different strategies for reducing cognitive dissonance? Provide an example of a time when cognitive dissonance might occur and what steps might be taken to reduce that dissonance.

Answers will vary.

Text Section: 12.3 Attitudes and Persuasion
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult

48. Define social loafing. How could a professor change a group assignment to prevent social loafing?

Text Section: 12.4 Conformity, Compliance, and Obedience
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult

49. Explain the difference between racism, prejudice, and discrimination.

Text Section: 12.5 Prejudice and Discrimination
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate

50. Discuss, using examples, three of the seven types or combinations of love that can be described according to Sternberg’s triangular theory of love.

Answers will vary.

Text Section: 12.7 Prosocial Behavior
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate