Personality Full Test Bank Sanderson Ch.12 - Test Bank | Real World Psychology 3e by Catherine A. Sanderson. DOCX document preview.
Real World Psychology, 3e (Sanderson)
Chapter 12 Personality
1) Sharon's unique and relatively stable and enduring pattern of thoughts, feelings, and actions is her ________.
A) character
B) trait
C) temperament
D) personality
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 12.1 Understanding Personality
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
2) According to your text, one of the best definitions of personality is your ________.
A) unique and relatively stable pattern of thoughts, feelings, and actions
B) relatively stable characteristics that describe you
C) innate tendencies to think, act, and feel in a certain way in all situations
D) innate disposition toward the world and environment
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.1 Understanding Personality
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
3) Samsara is aloof and self-contained. She prefers to read and work on her computer rather than engage in camping or other outdoor activities. She feels emotions deeply, but rarely displays them. Her thoughts are complex and focused on philosophical questions rather than everyday practicalities. This is a description of Samsara's ________.
A) basic temperament
B) psychopathology
C) attachment style
D) personality
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 12.1 Understanding Personality
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
4) A person from which type of culture would place value and emphasis on a single person's rights and freedoms, and would prioritize that person over the needs of a larger group?
A) selective
B) collectivist
C) nomothetic
D) individualist
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.1 Understanding Personality
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
5) Interdependence, obligation to others, and focusing on group achievement are all core values of a(n) ________.
A) collectivist culture
B) idiographic culture
C) individualist culture
D) nomothetic culture
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.1 Understanding Personality
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
6) Which theories emphasize the importance of brain structures, neurochemistry, and genetics in the development of personality?
A) evolutionary
B) phenomenological
C) genealogical
D) biological
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.1 Understanding Personality
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
7) The neurotransmitter that is correlated with both novelty-seeking and extroversion is ________.
A) adrenaline
B) dopamine
C) norepinephrine
D) serotonin
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.1 Understanding Personality
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
8) Compared to low-sensation seekers and introverts, high-sensation seekers and extroverts tend to have ________.
A) lower levels of physiological arousal
B) higher levels of serotonin
C) lower levels of psychological arousal
D) higher levels of norepinephrine
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 12.1 Understanding Personality
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
9) The study of the extent to which behavioral differences are due to genetics rather than the environment is called ________.
A) the biobehavioral approach
B) the genetic-environmental perspective
C) behavioral genetics
D) the biopsychosocial model
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.1 Understanding Personality
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
10) Twin studies of certain personality traits show a heritability of ________.
A) 10 to 20 percent
B) 40 to 50 percent
C) 20 to 25 percent
D) 80 to 90 percent
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.1 Understanding Personality
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena
11) Which of these appear(s) to have the largest influence (40 to 50%) on personality?
A) the unshared environment
B) shared environments
C) genetics
D) nurturing
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 12.1 Understanding Personality
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena
12) Studies on extroversion and neuroticism show that these traits correlate ________ with ________ parents than with ________ parents.
A) more strongly; adopted; biological
B) less strongly; biological; adopted
C) the same; biological; adopted
D) more strongly; biological; adopted
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.1 Understanding Personality
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
13) In studies of personality, the unshared environment refers to differences in ________.
A) the genetic makeup of individuals
B) aspects of the environment that differ between individuals within a family
C) cultural practices
D) the living conditions and economic circumstances between family groups
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.1 Understanding Personality
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
14) Factors other than genetic factors, shared environmental factors, and nonshared environmental factors contribute how much to personality?
A) 40-50%
B) 27%
C) 7%
D) 16-26%
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.1 Understanding Personality
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
15) It is believed that 40 to 50% of the influence on personality results from which factors?
A) unshared environmental
B) shared environmental
C) genetic
D) unknown
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.1 Understanding Personality
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
16) Which approach represents a blending of several theories of personality?
A) unification
B) association
C) biopsychosocial
D) phenomenological
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.1 Understanding Personality
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
17) Which of the following might be used by a psychologist to assess someone's personality?
A) lie detector test
B) an IQ test
C) an unstructured interview
D) objective handwriting analysis
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 12.1 Understanding Personality
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
18) The manager at a fast-food restaurant prefers to conduct ________ interviews of potential employees and talks with them informally while walking through a nearby park; the manager at Sunny Manufacturers prefers ________ interviews and asks specific, formal questions following a set procedure.
A) projective; objective
B) biographical; standardized
C) unstructured; structured
D) friendly; threatening
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 12.1 Understanding Personality
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
19) Which of the following psychologists is most likely engaged in a behavioral observation of personality?
A) Dr. Lee makes a note on his attendance record of students who are late to class.
B) Dr. Abramson remarks to his wife that she is drinking too much during the ball game.
C) Dr. Carson watches how 6-year-old Omar interacts with others in his new classroom.
D) Dr. Tsoples notices that her friend is tailgating the car ahead of them.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 12.1 Understanding Personality
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
20) Julio is having troubles in his relationships with family, friends, and colleagues. What would the best method be to assess Julio's personality as well as his family dynamics?
A) physiological monitoring
B) observation
C) objective test
D) projective test
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 12.1 Understanding Personality
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
21) A person who practices which of these believes that they can predict others' unique personality traits by assessing the bumps on their heads?
A) graphology
B) phrenology
C) alchemy
D) horoscopy
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 12.1 Understanding Personality
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
22) Phrenology refers to the study of ________.
A) mental illness, based on the size of a person's head
B) personality, based on the location of bumps on a person's head
C) animal personality, based on an animal's social interactions
D) character, based on nonverbal behaviors and physical features
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.1 Understanding Personality
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
23) If you received a blow to your head that left a visible bump, which of the following professionals would refuse to perform an assessment on you until the bump subsided?
A) a neurologist
B) a phrenologist
C) a psychologist
D) a psychiatrist
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 12.1 Understanding Personality
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
24) A multiphasic personality test measures ________.
A) multiple personalities
B) a range of personality traits
C) personalities that emerge during different developmental phases
D) personalities that emerge depending on environment
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.1 Understanding Personality
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
25) The most widely researched and clinically used self-report personality test is the ________.
A) MMPI-2
B) Rorschach inkblot test
C) TAT
D) SVII
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.1 Understanding Personality
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
26) According to your text, the original objective of the MMPI was to ________.
A) determine whether a patient's personality is normal
B) assess a person's propensity to lie or distort the truth
C) reveal abnormal personality traits and behaviors.
D) determine workplace functioning
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.1 Understanding Personality
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
27) The MMPI-2 includes how many scales that help guard against dishonest or inaccurate responding on the part of the test taker?
A) reliability
B) validity
C) scientific
D) predictive
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.1 Understanding Personality
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
28) The use of ambiguous stimuli that can be interpreted a number of different ways to assess personality is called ________.
A) subjective testing
B) discriminative testing
C) projective testing
D) inductive testing
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.1 Understanding Personality
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
29) The Rorschach inkblot test and the Thematic Apperception Test are examples of what kind of tests?
A) aptitude and achievement
B) projective personality
C) the most reliable and valid personality
D) culturally biased personality
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.1 Understanding Personality
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
30) The idea that a person will launch her inner thoughts, feelings and conflicts onto an ambiguous stimulus is the basis for which method of personality assessment?
A) subjective
B) observational
C) replicative
D) projective
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 12.1 Understanding Personality
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
31) Ailsa has been given a card with an abstract shape on it and is asked "What might this be?" It is most likely that Ailsa is taking which personality test?
A) Rorschach
B) TAT
C) MMPI-2
D) WAIS-IV
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 12.1 Understanding Personality
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
32) On the Thematic Apperception Test, people are asked to look at an ambiguous scene and ________.
A) report what it looks like to them
B) tell a story about what is happening in the scene
C) explain how they feel about the scene
D) nonverbally represent their reactions to the scene
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.1 Understanding Personality
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
33) Which of the following is true regarding objective personality tests?
A) They provide specific information about a limited number of personality traits.
B) They take a lot of time to administer and score, compared to projective tests.
C) People may attempt to answer in socially undesirable ways.
D) They may be culturally biased.
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.1 Understanding Personality
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
34) The Rorschach inkblot test is one of the most popular methods of personality assessment, which ________.
A) has low reliability and low validity
B) has high reliability but poor validity
C) has high validity but poor reliability
D) is quicker and easier to administer than the MMPI-2
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.1 Understanding Personality
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
35) At Samaritan Psychiatric Hospital, none of the psychologists can agree on the results of a personality test for a newly admitted patient. It is most likely that the test this patient took was the ________.
A) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2)
B) original Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
C) Rorschach inkblot test
D) Sixteen Personality Factors Questionnaire (16PF)
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 12.1 Understanding Personality
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
36) Which of the following is true regarding projective personality tests?
A) Because of the ambiguous stimuli and unstructured method, people may respond more honestly.
B) They are structured and may not allow access to sensitive, anxiety-laden topics.
C) Many professionals use them because they have the highest reliability and validity of all the personality tests.
D) They take less time to administer and interpret than objective tests.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 12.1 Understanding Personality
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
37) Which choice refers to the tendency to see truths about ourselves in general, nonspecific personality statements or predictions?
A) the confirmation bias
B) the self-fulfilling prophecy
C) the Flynn effect
D) the Barnum effect
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.1 Understanding Personality
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
38) A major premise underlying the psychoanalytic theory of personality is that ________.
A) conscious thoughts and feelings overcome unconscious motives
B) unconscious processes and unresolved past conflicts have a major effect on our behavior
C) unconscious forces are responsible for negative behaviors, whereas conscious forces are responsible for positive ones
D) unconscious motives direct all behavior, positive or negative
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
39) According to Freud, the thoughts and information that you are currently aware of or are remembering are located in your ________.
A) psyche
B) id
C) ego
D) conscious
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
40) According to Freud, the thoughts and information that exist just below the surface of awareness and that you can easily bring to awareness comprises your ________.
A) subconscious
B) psyche
C) conscious
D) preconscious
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
41) The thoughts and motives that lie beyond a person's normal awareness are found in what Freud calls the ________.
A) hypnogogic stage
B) psychosexual stage
C) unconscious
D) ego-ideal
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
42) According to Freud, repressed sexual and aggressive urges as well as irrational thoughts are housed in the ________.
A) conscious mind
B) preconscious mind
C) unconscious mind
D) superego
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
43) As a young man is having a romantic encounter with his new girlfriend, he addresses his new girlfriend by his old girlfriend's name. This is an example of a ________.
A) Freudian slip
B) repression
C) sublimation
D) regression
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
44) According to Freud, the three mental structures that form personality are the ________.
A) unconscious, preconscious, and conscious
B) oral, anal, and phallic components
C) Oedipus, Electra, and sexual/aggressive
D) id, ego, and superego
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
45) According to Freud, which of these is completely unconscious, present at birth, and operates on the pleasure principle?
A) id
B) ego
C) superego
D) collective unconscious
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
46) A student who is hungry in the cafeteria decides to push ahead of the line to get food. What part of his personality is dominating in this situation?
A) id
B) ego
C) superego
D) collective unconscious
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
47) Which principle asserts that the only motivation for behavior is the immediate gratification of needs?
A) sensation-seeking
B) pleasure
C) immaturity
D) unconscious dominance
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
48) The pleasure needs of the id that might lead to inappropriate, and even destructive, behavior are controlled by the ________.
A) ego
B) superego
C) ego and superego
D) parents and other authority figures
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
49) The part of the psyche that deals with reality and tries to meet the needs of the other two mental structures is called the ________.
A) id
B) ego
C) superego
D) conscience
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
50) Eric is very hungry, but instead of cutting the line in the cafeteria, he decides to politely ask the woman standing in front of him if he can pay for his meal first. Which part of his personality is most affecting his behavior at the present moment?
A) id
B) ego
C) unconscious
D) preconscious
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
51) Which principle asserts that the ego tries to meet the demands of the id, superego, and the limitations or restrictions of one's environment?
A) compromising
B) environmental demands
C) reality
D) morality
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
52) The ________ operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification. The ________ operates on the reality principle, and the ________ contains the conscience, which provides moral guidance for the ego.
A) psyche; ego; id
B) id; ego; superego
C) conscious; preconscious; unconscious
D) oral stage; anal stage; phallic stage
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
53) When a child learns the rules and values of parents and society, and incorporates them into his own psyche, that child has developed his ________.
A) subconscious
B) spiritual consciousness
C) ethical ego
D) superego
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
54) Jason is twenty-five years old and goes against his parents' house rules by smoking cigarettes inside the house; he feels guilty about it but can't break the smoking habit. The guilt he feels for behaving in this incorrect fashion is produced by the ________.
A) id
B) ego
C) superego
D) unconscious
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
55) "I'm going to take this candy because I want it NOW!" said the ________. "But, stealing is wrong," said the ________. "Let's ask mom if she'll advance our allowance so we can buy it today," said the ________.
A) animus; anima; archetype
B) superego; id; codependent
C) ego; id; superego
D) id; superego; ego
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
56) The part of the personality that operates based on the rules of moral behavior is the ________.
A) id
B) ego
C) superego
D) animus
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
57) According to Freud, the result of the ego's failure to satisfy both id and superego is ________.
A) unconscious guilt
B) anxiety
C) fixation
D) regression
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
58) To prevent the ________ associated with the ego's failure to satisfy both the id and superego, Freud argued that people develop and use ________.
A) unconscious guilt; archetypes
B) fixation; an ego-ideal
C) regression; preconscious cognitions
D) anxiety; defense mechanisms
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
59) Defense mechanisms are unconscious strategies employed by the ego to avoid conflict and reduce ________.
A) unconscious guilt
B) anxiety
C) fixation
D) regression
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
60) Used excessively, defense mechanisms can be dangerous because they ________.
A) hide true feelings
B) become ineffective
C) distort reality
D) become fixated
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
61) The defense mechanism that prevents unacceptable impulses from entering consciousness is called ________.
A) regression
B) oppression
C) repression
D) denial
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
62) Victor's religious beliefs prohibit sexual expression until after marriage. He takes up painting nudes to deal with his sexual impulses. This is an example of the defense mechanism called ________.
A) repression
B) projection
C) displacement
D) sublimation
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
63) You would rather have fun with your new dating partner than study for your math exam. You know you will do poorly on the exam if you don't study, but tell yourself that having fun will help you relax for the exam. This is an example of the defense mechanism called ________.
A) denial
B) rationalization
C) sublimation
D) reaction formation
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
64) Nelson learns in his Human Sexuality class that it is not uncommon for young adolescents to have sexual attractions or fantasies for persons of the same sex. Nelson vehemently protests that he has never had even the slightest physical attraction or thoughts about the same sex, even though he has, in fact, regularly thought about other men in a sexual manner. This is an example of the defense mechanism called ________.
A) denial
B) projection
C) regression
D) intellectualization
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
65) Gabrielle didn't study for her exam and really wants to cheat. This is entirely unacceptable to her superego, which won't let her do this. However, Gabrielle thinks she sees nearly everyone else in the class cheating during the exam. This is an example of the defense mechanism called ________.
A) sublimation
B) reaction formation
C) displacement
D) projection
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
66) Pedro was just diagnosed with testicular cancer. Rather than deal with his feelings about this, he searches the Internet for information, academically discusses the disorder with his family and friends, and endlessly debates the pros and cons of treatment with his doctor. This is an example of the defense mechanism called ________.
A) intellectualization
B) rationalization
C) sublimation
D) denial
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
67) Norm is sexually attracted to Lilith, a married woman. Instead of acknowledging this attraction, Norm develops an intense dislike for Lilith. This is an example of the defense mechanism called ________.
A) reaction formation
B) regression
C) repression
D) denial
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
68) Every time Nikolai gets into a big argument with his wife, he runs to his mother's home for comfort and approval. This is an example of the defense mechanism called ________.
A) sublimation
B) regression
C) displacement
D) projection
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
69) Dr. Goodwin is sexually attracted to her newest client. Rather than making sexual overtures toward him, she makes passionate love to her husband that night. This is an example of the defense mechanism called ________.
A) displacement
B) projection
C) reaction formation
D) regression
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
70) According to your text, defense mechanisms ________.
A) can be healthy when not used excessively or for an extended period
B) are unhealthy and should be eliminated through therapy
C) are a sign of emotional damage that cannot be corrected in therapy
D) are used excessively by most people in modern society
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
71) The five developmental periods during which particular kinds of pleasures must be gratified for personality development to proceed normally are known as ________.
A) Erikson's psychosocial stages of development
B) Piaget's cognitive stages of development
C) Kohlberg's moral stages of development
D) Freud's psychosexual stages of development
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
72) According to Freud, regression to a prior stage of development may be related to ________.
A) pleasure
B) an overgratification or frustration of needs at that stage
C) a fulfillment of needs at that stage
D) overconfidence
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
73) According to Freud, if a child's needs are badly frustrated or are overgratified at one particular psychosexual stage, the child may become ________.
A) neurotic at that stage
B) disordered at that stage
C) fixated at that stage
D) regressed at that stage
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
74) According to Freud, a person can be stuck at a particular stage of development if their needs are ________.
A) fulfilled
B) met
C) overindulged or badly frustrated
D) properly intellectualized
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
75) Which of the following is one of the erogenous zones in Freud's psychosexual stages?
A) mouth
B) toes
C) eyes
D) breasts
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
76) Which of the following is the correct sequence of Freud's psychosexual stages of development?
A) oral → anal → phallic → latency → genital
B) oral → phallic → anal → latency → genital
C) oral → latency → anal → genital → phallic
D) oral → anal → genital → latency → phallic
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
77) Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?
A) oral stage: language development
B) anal stage: toilet training
C) phallic stage: establish intimate relationships
D) genital task: Oedipus complex or penis envy
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
78) Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?
A) oral stage; mouth
B) phallic stage: anus
C) latency: entire body
D) anal stage: genitals
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
79) An unsuccessful resolution of the toilet training conflict during childhood may result in an adult who is ________.
A) highly controlled, but messy and disorderly
B) compulsively neat, but rebellious and destructive
C) unable to control their bowels or bladder
D) anal-retentive or anal-expulsive
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
80) According to Freud, during the phallic stage of psychosexual development, boys develop ________.
A) homosexual tendencies
B) an Oedipus complex
C) retentive-expulsive fantasies
D) oral fixation
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
81) Conan constantly wants to be near his mother, receiving her affectionate touching and kissing. He wants nothing to do with his father and actively stands between his parents to keep them from hugging each other. According to Freudian theory, it is likely that Conan is ________.
A) developing a neurosis
B) developing homosexual tendencies
C) experiencing an Oedipus complex
D) being overindulged by his mother and underindulged by his father
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
82) According to Freud, most girls ________.
A) feel tremendous unconscious resentment over their lack of a penis
B) feel a special attachment for their mothers
C) have a higher level of moral development and overcome penis envy
D) blame their fathers for their lack of a penis
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
83) Clement is a gullible, dependent, and passive adult. Freud might say Clement was ________ during ________ stage of development.
A) frustrated; the anal
B) overindulged; the phallic
C) overindulged; the oral
D) frustrated; every
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
84) According to Freud, sexual relationships based on lust rather than emotional attachment and a desire for commitment are indicators that an individual ________.
A) is in the phallic stage of development
B) has failed to master the genital stage of development
C) is fixated at the oral stage of development
D) has mastered the latency stage of development
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
85) The latency stage of development typically occurs from ________.
A) birth to 2 years of age
B) 3 to 6 years of age
C) 6 years of age to puberty
D) puberty to adulthood
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
86) The phallic stage of development typically occurs from ________.
A) birth to 2 years of age
B) 3 to 6 years of age
C) 6 years to puberty
D) puberty to adult
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
87) Adler believed the primary motivation in life is to overcome ________.
A) feelings of inferiority
B) feelings of superiority
C) basic anxiety
D) collective unconscious fears of the anima and animus
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
88) According to Adler, feelings of helplessness and incompetence during childhood result in ________.
A) mistrust
B) basic anxiety
C) an inferiority complex
D) learned helplessness
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
89) A positive outcome of a child's "will-to-power" is manifested by ________, whereas a negative outcome is characterized by ________.
A) mastery and control; striving for superiority through dominance, aggression, or envy
B) striving for perfection; an inferiority complex that is usually incapable of being resolved
C) striving for superiority; learned helplessness in all areas of one's life
D) an internal locus of control; an external locus of control that leads to decreased self-esteem
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
90) Which of the following is associated with Adler's individual psychology?
A) psychosexual stages
B) inferiority complex
C) anxiety
D) self-efficacy
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
91) Besides sexual and aggressive forces, Jung believed the unconscious contained ________.
A) basic anxiety
B) a will-to-power
C) a striving for superiority
D) positive and spiritual motives
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
92) According to Jung, our collective unconscious consists of ________.
A) patterns and images called archetypes
B) one's cultural architecture
C) the "archaeology of the soul"
D) the collective preconscious
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
93) According to Jung, the primitive images and patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behavior that reside in the collective unconscious are called ________.
A) animal instincts
B) archetypes
C) the latent unconscious
D) the Oedipus complex
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
94) Because death is often symbolized by a skeleton, Carl Jung would argue that this image is located in the ________.
A) personal unconscious
B) collective unconscious
C) animus
D) anima
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
95) In Jungian psychology, the archetypes for male and female aspects of personality are the ________.
A) mandala and mandalus
B) anima and animus
C) mother and father
D) phallus and flower
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
96) Jung believed that the anima and animus represent ________.
A) opposing forces in the superego
B) the life and death instincts
C) feminine and masculine components of personality
D) good and evil aspects of the id
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
97) Horney believed Freud's concept of penis envy ________.
A) reflected male bias and misunderstanding
B) reflected men's feelings of cultural inferiority rather than biological inferiority
C) should be replaced by the term patriarchal envy
D) reflected female biases
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
98) Which of the following personality theorists contributed the concept of power envy?
A) Freud
B) Jung
C) Adler
D) Horney
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
99) Horney believed that the strongest influence on an individual's personality was that person's ________.
A) relationship with his or her parents
B) birth order
C) fixation at a psychosexual stage of development
D) power envy
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
100) Which of the following is a valid criticism of Freud's psychoanalytic theory?
A) His concepts were viewed as outlandish in his own time.
B) He underemphasized the role of sexuality and unconscious forces.
C) He underemphasized the role of biological determinants.
D) Some of his views were highly sexist.
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
101) Which of the following is the best summary of how modern psychodynamic theorists differ from the classical Freudian approach?
A) They have conducted extensive research into Freud's concept of penis envy in girls and womb envy in boys.
B) They place less emphasis on sexual instincts and more on sociocultural influences on personality development.
C) They have eliminated reference to ego defense mechanisms, having noted that there is no scientific evidence that they exist.
D) They have increased their focus on sexual impulses and the conflicts of the early childhood years.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
102) Raymond Cattell reduced the list of over 4500 personality traits to 16 source traits using a method called ________.
A) meta-analysis
B) factor analysis
C) trait theory
D) the Five-Factor Model
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.3 Trait Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
103) A relatively stable and consistent characteristic that can be used to describe a person's pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting is called a ________.
A) character
B) trait
C) temperament
D) personality
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.3 Trait Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
104) Which of the following is a list of personality traits?
A) hunger, arousal, sensation-seeking, achievement
B) cheerful, honest, friendly, optimistic
C) tall, thin, dark-skinned
D) focused, sensation-seeking, moderately attractive
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 12.3 Trait Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
105) According to your text, the best definition of factor analysis is ________.
A) an objective measure of personality traits or factors
B) a statistical procedure used to determine the most basic units contained in a large array of data
C) the theory of personality that uses a variety of factors in analyzing character traits
D) a projective measure of personality traits or factors
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.3 Trait Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
106) Cattell and Eysenck both used which statistical technique to determine a cluster of personality traits they believe are universally shared?
A) source analysis
B) trait reduction
C) multiple linear regression
D) factor analysis
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.3 Trait Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
107) Which of the following is incorrectly matched?
A) Allport: personality consists of a limited number of traits, arranged in a hierarchy
B) Cattell: proposed a list of 16 personality traits
C) Eysenck: personality consists of a relationship between three basic types of traits
D) Big Five: BEACH
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.3 Trait Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
108) Which of the following is among Eysenck's basic types of traits?
A) optimism-pessimism
B) aggression
C) neuroticism
D) psychosis
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.3 Trait Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
109) The trait theory that explains personality in terms of openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism is called the ________.
A) BEACH theory
B) Five-Factor model
C) factor analysis theory
D) Cattell and Eysenck model
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.3 Trait Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
110) Which of the following is the correct list of traits in the Five-Factor model?
A) bravery, eagerness, adaptability, cheerfulness, honesty (BEACH)
B) strength, honesty, openness, respect, expectations (SHORE)
C) openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, neuroticism (OCEAN)
D) worrisome, adaptable, venerable, extroverted, stable (WAVES)
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.3 Trait Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
111) Bessie is gentle, cooperative, trusting, and helpful; Obadiah is outgoing, talkative, fun-loving, and affectionate. According to the Five-Factor model, it is likely that Bessie scores high on ________ and Obadiah scores high on ________.
A) openness; agreeableness
B) agreeableness; extroversion
C) extroversion; openness
D) eagerness; cheerfulness
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 12.3 Trait Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
112) Radford is emotionally unstable, insecure, anxious, and moody; Quinn is calm, even-tempered, easygoing, and relaxed. According to the Five-Factor model, it is likely that Radford scores ________; and Quinn scores ________.
A) low on agreeableness; low on conscientiousness
B) low on adaptability; high on adaptability
C) high on neuroticism; low on neuroticism
D) high on introversion; low on eagerness
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 12.3 Trait Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
113) Susan is a student who always finishes her work on time, is never late, and is consistently reliable when it comes to her responsibilities to others. Susan is most likely ________.
A) high in agreeableness
B) low in agreeableness
C) high in conscientiousness
D) low in conscientiousness
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 12.3 Trait Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
114) Holland's personality job-fit theory predicts that ________.
A) too much fit between personality and occupation can cause severe boredom
B) a good fit between personality and occupation predicts factors such as job satisfaction
C) a bad fit between personality and occupation predicts the incidence of aggressive crimes
D) a partial fit between personality and occupation predicts factors such as job success
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 12.3 Trait Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
115) Which Big Five personality trait was the highest on the list of the Mate Preferences chart for both men and women?
A) conscientiousness
B) agreeable
C) openness
D) extraversion
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.3 Trait Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
116) One of the first psychologists to suggest that behaviors are influenced more by situations than personality traits was ________.
A) Zimbardo
B) Rogers
C) Adler
D) Mischel
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.3 Trait Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
117) The notion that one's action are affected by both the situation in which the action occurs as well as internal personality traits is called ________.
A) nativism
B) interactionism
C) situationism
D) dispositionism
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.3 Trait Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
118) Which approach to personality emphasizes internal experiences, like feelings and thoughts, and the basic worth of the individual?
A) humanistic
B) psychodynamic
C) personalistic
D) motivational
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 12.4 Humanistic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
119) Two theorists associated with the humanistic perspective of personality development are ________.
A) Watson and Skinner
B) Freud and Jung
C) Rogers and Maslow
D) Horney and Adler
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.4 Humanistic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
120) According to Rogers, the information and beliefs you have about your nature, unique qualities, and typical behavior are called your ________.
A) self-esteem
B) self-concept
C) self-potential
D) actualizing self
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.4 Humanistic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
121) In Rogers's theory of personality, maladjustment is the result of ________.
A) incongruence between your ideal and real selves
B) an incompatibility between your self-concept and self-esteem
C) conditioned emotional responses
D) phenomenological challenges
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 12.4 Humanistic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
122) According to Rogers, if your self-concept is congruent with your life experiences, you are likely to ________.
A) strive for superiority
B) be self-actualized
C) feel inferior to others
D) have a positive sense of self
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 12.4 Humanistic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
123) Unconditional positive regard is Rogers's term for ________.
A) accepting any and all behavior as a positive manifestation of self-actualization
B) love and acceptance toward a person with no strings attached
C) nonjudgmental listening
D) phenomenological congruence
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.4 Humanistic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
124) According to Rogers's concept of unconditional positive regard, ________.
A) parents should allow children to engage in whatever behaviors children want to
B) you should separate evaluation of the person from evaluation of their behavior
C) you should combine evaluation of the person and evaluation of their behavior
D) clients should be judged for their poor choices in order to move them forward in therapy
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 12.4 Humanistic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
125) Mr. Polanski listens without judgment to his daughter's reasons for being late, then informs her that he disapproves of her behavior, and provides consequences. Before their discussion is over, he gives her a hug and says, "I love you very much." This is an example of ________.
A) phenomenological parenting
B) unconditional positive regard
C) permissive parenting
D) authoritarian parenting
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 12.4 Humanistic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
126) The natural tendency toward growth that motivates us to develop all our talents and capacities to their highest potential is called ________.
A) self-realization
B) self-promotion
C) self-actualization
D) self-potentiation
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.4 Humanistic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
127) The personality theorist who believed in the basic goodness of individuals and their natural tendency toward self-actualization was ________.
A) Karen Horney
B) Alfred Adler
C) Abraham Maslow
D) Carl Jung
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.4 Humanistic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
128) According to Maslow, what did Albert Einstein, Mohandas Gandhi, and Eleanor Roosevelt have in common?
A) They were all fully self-actualized.
B) They all engaged in unconditional positive regard toward others.
C) They were all humanists.
D) Each was a phenomenological success in his or her own field.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 12.4 Humanistic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
129) Which of the following is a characteristic of self-actualization?
A) taking a non-linear creative approach to life
B) a sense of superiority
C) understanding one's own potential
D) intelligence
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 12.4 Humanistic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
130) Which approach to personality has been criticized for being narrow, making naïve assumptions, poor testability, and inadequate evidence?
A) the psychodynamic approach
B) trait theories
C) the social-cognitive approach
D) the humanistic approach
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 12.4 Humanistic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
131) The belief that your personality is the result of your unique history of interactions with those in your environment and your thoughts about and interpretations of those interactions is called which approach?
A) interactionist
B) cognitive-behavioral
C) self-within-society
D) social-cognitive
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 12.5 Social-Cognitive Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
132) According to Bandura, which of these involves a person's belief about whether they can successfully engage in behaviors related to personal goals?
A) self-actualization
B) self-esteem
C) self-efficacy
D) self-congruence
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.5 Social-Cognitive Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
133) Another term for self-efficacy is self-________.
A) actualization
B) esteem
C) control
D) confidence
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 12.5 Social-Cognitive Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
134) Wilson took this psychology course once before and failed. However, he refuses to give up and believes that he can earn a "C" or better this time, even though he still has to work part-time and take care of his family. It is likely that Wilson ________.
A) suffers from delusions of grandeur
B) has a high locus of control
C) has high self-efficacy
D) is engaged in reciprocal determinism
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 12.5 Social-Cognitive Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
135) According to which of the following do personal characteristics, behaviors, and environment all work as interacting determinants of one another?
A) reciprocal determinism
B) interactionism
C) confluence theory
D) reverberating circuits theory
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.5 Social-Cognitive Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
136) Cecily believes she can become the top salesperson in her company; consequently, she comes in early and stays late, which puts her in contact with more customers. Additionally, her enthusiasm inspires customers to pay attention to the benefits of her product, and every sale Cecily makes inspires her to make another. This is an example of Bandura's theory of ________.
A) interaction
B) congruent behavior
C) synergistic success
D) reciprocal determinism
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 12.5 Social-Cognitive Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
137) Rotter believed that personality or behavior is determined by your ________.
A) cognitive expectancies
B) cognitive reinforcers
C) self-expectancies
D) self-reinforcers
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 12.5 Social-Cognitive Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
138) Della believes she earned an "A" in chemistry because the test was easy and she made a lot of lucky guesses. It is likely that Della has a(n) ________.
A) undervalued locus of control
B) external locus of control
C) negative locus of control
D) intrinsic locus of control
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 12.5 Social-Cognitive Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
139) Devinia believes she earned an "A" in chemistry because she used the teacher's study suggestions and worked hard all semester. It is likely that Devinia has a(n) ________.
A) overvalued locus of control
B) internal locus of control
C) positive locus of control
D) intrinsic locus of control
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 12.5 Social-Cognitive Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
140) Malcolm consults his horoscope to determine what stocks to buy; Miles studies the financial section of the paper and follows the track record of companies he's interested in before buying stocks. It is most likely that Malcolm ________ and Miles ________.
A) will go broke; will get rich
B) has an external locus of control (LOC); has an internal LOC
C) has low self-efficacy; has high self-efficacy
D) believes in a bull market; believes in a bear market
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 12.5 Social-Cognitive Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
141) At the end of a very busy week, Sumita is enjoying a jazz concert with her husband, and plans to eat dinner afterwards. According to a Freudian, which of the following statements is MOST likely to be true regarding her levels of consciousness?
A) She is subconsciously aware of the music.
B) A hungry feeling is tucked away in her unconscious.
C) Anger at her first math teacher is in her subconscious mind.
D) With a little prompting, her fatigue could come up from her preconscious.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
142) Marcus is a shy child who was born to shy parents. When other parents took their toddlers to playgrounds, Marcus and his parents went for walks through the park with just the three of them. When Marcus started school, he struggled being away from his home, so his parents decided that homeschool might be best. As a result, Marcus has become more and more shy and is very much a loner. This is an example of Bandura's theory of ________.
A) interaction
B) congruent behavior
C) synergistic success
D) reciprocal determinism
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 12.5 Social-Cognitive Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
143) With regard to personality testing, ________ refers to the ability of a test to measure the trait it says it will, rather than some other trait; whereas ________ refers to the extent to which the same person receives the same score on a personality test when it is administered more than once.
A) reliability; validity
B) causation; correlation
C) explanation; prediction
D) validity; reliability
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.1 Understanding Personality
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
144) Bob is doing very poorly in his history course, but keeps telling himself that he'll just "do better on the next exam." When the scores continue to drop, he convinces himself that he will "ace the final exam," and that there is no way his professor would ever give him an F in the class. Bob using the defense mechanism of ________ to avoid the reality of his poor class performance?
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
145) Marlene enjoys spending time with her same-sex peers. She is convinced that boys are icky, and wants nothing to do with them. Marlene is in the ________ stage of psychosexual development.
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
146) In order to remember the traits of the five-factor model, you might use the acronym ________.
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.3 Trait Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
147) Marianne is very outgoing. She likes to interact with people, and even strangers quickly describe her as the "life of the party." In the Five Factor model, Marianne would probably be described as being high on a measure of ________.
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 12.3 Trait Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
148) According to Rogers, when your "real self" and your "ideal self" do not overlap, you will experience a sense of mismatch that he called ________.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.4 Humanistic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
149) The term that Bandura coined that describes a person's sense of their own ability to be successful at a given task is self-________.
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.5 Social-Cognitive Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
150) The most widely used and researched personality inventory is the ________.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.1 Understanding Personality
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
151) Describe the role of brain structures, neurochemistry, and genetics in the development of personality. What influence does environment have on personality?
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.1 Understanding Personality
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
152) Describe and provide examples of the four methods of personality assessment.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 12.1 Understanding Personality
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
153) Describe and illustrate Freud's three levels of consciousness and his three components of personality.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
154) Briefly describe each of Freud's psychosexual stages, including the approximate ages, the erogenous zones, the primary conflicts, and an unhealthy resolution for each stage.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
155) Describe at least five Freudian defense mechanisms and how they help to keep anxiety in the unconscious mind.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 12.2 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
157) Describe the Five-Factor model of personality traits.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 12.3 Trait Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
158) Define humanistic psychology, and describe two concepts that can be attributed to Rogers, and two that can be attributed to Maslow. State which humanist you believe described personality most accurately, and explain your choice.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 12.4 Humanistic Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
159) State the social-cognitive perspective on personality, and describe the concepts proposed by the two most influential theorists in this field.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 12.5 Social-Cognitive Theories
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
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