Personality Ch.13 Full Test Bank 12th Edition - Psychology in Action 12e Test Bank by Karen Huffman. DOCX document preview.
Package Title: Chapter 13, Testbank
Course Title: Huffman, PIA 12e
Chapter Number: 13
Question type: Multiple Choice
1) An individual’s unique and relatively stable pattern of thoughts, feelings, and actions is known as his or her ________.
a) character
b) trait
c) temperament
d) personality
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
2) According to your text, one of the BEST definitions of personality is your ________.
a) unique and relatively stable pattern of thoughts, feelings, and actions
b) relatively stable characteristics that describe you
c) innate tendencies to think, act, and feel a certain way in all situations
d) innate disposition toward the world and environment
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
3) Samsara is aloof and self-contained. She prefers to read and work on her computer rather than engage in camping or other outdoor activities. She feels emotions deeply, but rarely displays them. Her thoughts are complex and focused on philosophical questions rather than everyday practicalities. This is a description of Samsara’s ________.
a) basic temperament
b) psychopathology
c) personality disorder
d) personality
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
4) Compared to ________ theories that only describe personality, ________ theories attempt to explain personality.
a) behavior; trait
b) psychoanalytic; humanistic
c) humanistic; behavior
d) trait; psychoanalytic
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Evaluation
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
5) A major premise underlying psychoanalytic or psychodynamic theories of personality is that ________.
a) conscious thoughts and feelings overcome unconscious motives
b) unconscious forces have an enormous impact on our behavior, such as feelings, thoughts and actions
c) unconscious forces are responsible for negative behaviors, whereas conscious forces are responsible for positive ones
d) unconscious motives direct all behavior, positive or negative
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
6) According to Freud, the thoughts and motives of which you are currently aware are stored in your ________.
a) psyche
b) id
c) ego
d) conscious
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
7) According to Freud, the thoughts, motives or memories that you can easily bring to awareness is stored in your ________.
a) unconscious
b) subconscious
c) conscious
d) preconscious
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
8) The thoughts and motives that lie beyond a person's normal awareness are found in what Freud called the ________.
a) conscious
b) preconscious
c) unconscious
d) conscience
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
9) Harmony just learned that her brother cross dresses, and wants him to know that she cares about him. She compliments him before he leaves for school by saying, "I really like your skirt...I mean shirt." This could be an example of ________.
a) an ego-defense mechanism
b) reaction formation
c) a Freudian slip
d) conditional positive regard
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
10) Which of the following is an example of a “Freudian slip”?
a) Mrs. Freud’s pink negligee.
b) A husband says, “This is my mother...I mean my wife, Sylvia.”
c) When a person forget to show up for their psychotherapy appointment.
d) Someone comments that it is raining outside when there are no clouds.
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
11) According to Freud, the three mental structures that form personality are the ________.
a) unconscious, preconscious, and conscious
b) oral, anal, and phallic
c) Oedipus, Electra, and sexual/aggressive
d) id, ego, and superego
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
12) According to Freud, the ________ is concerned with immediate gratification and the avoidance of discomfort.
a) id
b) ego
c) superego
d) preconscious
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
13) The ________ principle asserts that the only motivation for behavior is the immediate gratification of needs.
a) sensation-seeking
b) pleasure
c) reality
d) unconscious
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
14) The id constant need to seek out pleasure and engaging in gratifying behaviors is kept in check by the conscious “executive” functions of the ________.
a) ego
b) superego
c) conscience
d) Oedipus complex
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
15) The rational part of the psyche that deals with reality and tries to meet the needs of the other two mental structures is called the ________.
a) id
b) ego
c) superego
d) unconscious
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
16) Which of the following is FALSE regarding the ego?
a) It channels and releases the energy of the id in appropriate ways.
b) It resides entirely within the conscious realm.
c) It attempts to satisfy the superego’s need for social approval and self-esteem.
d) It operates on the reality principle.
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Analysis
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
17) In the iceberg analogy of Freud’s levels of consciousness, the “tip” is the ________.
a) unconscious
b) preconscious
c) conscious
d) psyche
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
18) The ________ operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification. The ________ operates on the reality principle, and the ________ contains the conscience, which provide moral guidance for the ego.
a) psyche; ego; id
b) id; ego; superego
c) conscious; preconscious; unconscious
d) oral stage; anal stage; phallic stage
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
19) When a child learns the rules and values of parents and society and incorporates them into his own psyche, that child has developed his ________.
a) subconscious
b) spiritual consciousness
c) ethical ego
d) superego
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
20) “I’m going to take this candy because I want it NOW!” said the ________. “But, stealing is wrong,” said the ________. “Let’s ask mom if she'll advance our allowance so we can buy it today,” said the ________.
a) superego; id; ego
b) ego; id; superego
c) id; ego; superego
d) id; superego; ego
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
21) The result of the ego’s failure to satisfy both id and superego is ________ slipping into our conscious awareness.
a) unconscious guilt
b) anxiety
c) fixation
d) regression
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
22) To prevent the ________ associated with the ego’s failure to satisfy both the id and superego, people develop and use ________.
a) unconscious guilt; archetypes
b) fixation; an ego-ideal
c) regression; preconscious cognitions
d) anxiety; defense mechanisms
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
23) Defense mechanisms are strategies employed by the ________ to reduce anxiety and avoid conflict.
a) superego
b) id
c) ego
d) preconscious
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
24) Used excessively, defense mechanisms can be dangerous because they ________.
a) hide true feelings
b) become ineffective
c) increase self-deception
d) lead to fixation
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Evaluation
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
25) Psychologists believe that defense mechanisms ________.
a) can be healthy when not used excessively
b) are unhealthy and should be eliminated through therapy
c) are a sign of emotional damage that cannot be corrected in therapy
d) are used excessively by most people in modern society
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Analysis
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
26) The five developmental periods during which particular kinds of pleasures must be gratified for personality development to proceed normally are known as ________ stages of development.
a) Erikson’s psychosocial
b) Piaget’s cognitive
c) Kohlberg’s moral
d) Freud’s psychosexual
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
27) Which of the following is NOT one of the erogenous zones in Freud’s psychosexual stages?
a) mouth
b) anus
c) genitals
d) breasts
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
28) Clement is a gullible, dependent, and passive adult. Freud might say Clement was ________ during ________ stage of development.
a) frustrated; the anal
b) overindulged; the phallic
c) overindulged; the oral
d) frustrated; every
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
29) According to Freud, most girls ________.
a) fail to develop an adequate superego
b) feel a special attachment for their mothers
c) have a higher level of moral development, rapidly overcome penis envy, and give up their rivalry with their fathers
d) never experience a conflict during the phallic stage of development
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Analysis
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
30) According to Freud, sexual relationships based on lust rather than emotional attachment and a desire for commitment are indicators that an individual ________.
a) is in the phallic stage of development
b) has failed to master the genital stage of development
c) is fixated at the oral stage of development
d) has a poorly developed set of ego defense mechanisms
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Analysis
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
31) Gisele is in the process of developing successful relationships with her same-sex peers and refining her female gender role. She is also working on her intellectual skills. According to Freud, Gisele is in the ________ stage of development.
a) oral
b) phallic
c) latency
d) genital
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
32) Zhu would much rather spend all day hanging with the guys than spend five minutes talking to a girl. In fact, he has very little interest in sexual matters. Freud would MOST likely suggest that Zhu is ________.
a) in the latency stage of development
b) stalled in the genital stage of psychosexual development
c) likely to develop a neurotic outlook on women
d) demonstrating a poorly developed id
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
33) Fixation at this psychosexual stage of development would, according to Freud, lead to either a very neat person or one who is messy and disorderly.
a) oral
b) anal
c) phallic
d) genital
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
34) Which of the following is the CORRECT sequence of Freud’s psychosexual stages of development?
a) oral ---> anal ---> phallic ---> latency ---> genital
b) oral ---> phallic ---> anal ---> latency ---> genital
c) oral ---> latency ---> anal ---> genital ---> phallic
d) oral ---> anal ---> genital ---> latency ---> phallic
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
35) An unsuccessful resolution of the toilet training conflict may result in an adult who is ________.
a) highly controlled, but messy and disorderly
b) compulsively neat, but rebellious and destructive
c) unable to control his bowels or bladder
d) anal-retentive or anal-expulsive
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
36) According to Freud, during the phallic stage of psychosexual development, children develop _____, which is a desire for the opposite-sex parent along with hostility toward the same-sex parent.
a) homosexual tendencies
b) an Oedipus or Electra complex
c) retentive-expulsive fantasies
d) womb or penis envy
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
37) Conan constantly wants to be near his mother, receiving her affectionate touching and kissing. He wants nothing to do with his father, and actively stands between his parents to keep them from hugging each other. According to Freudian theory, it is likely that Conan is ________.
a) developing a neurosis
b) fixated at the anal stage of development
c) in the middle of the Oedipus complex
d) being overindulged by his mother and underindulged by his father
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
38) According to Freud, each stage of development is characterized by a conflict between the id and the ________. If these conflicts are unresolved, Freud believed a person would become ________.
a) ego; psychotic
b) superego; immoral
c) social demands; fixated
d) ego and superego; regressed
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
39) According to Freud, regression to a prior stage of development may be related to ________.
a) stress
b) the executive functions of the ego
c) preconscious awareness
d) fixation in the latency period
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
40) Three of the most influential neo-Freudians were ________.
a) Erikson, Cattell, and Eysenck
b) Bandura, Rotter, and Watson
c) Rogers, Maslow, and Koffka
d) Adler, Jung, and Horney
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
41) Adler believed the primary motivation in life is to overcome ________.
a) feelings of inadequacy
b) feelings of superiority
c) basic anxiety
d) collective unconscious fears of the anima and animus
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
42) According to Adler, feelings of helplessness and incompetence during childhood result in ________.
a) mistrust
b) basic anxiety
c) an inferiority complex
d) learned helplessness
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
43) A positive outcome of a child’s “will-to-power” is manifested by _____, whereas a negative outcome is characterized by ________.
a) mastery and control; striving for superiority
b) striving for perfection; an inferiority complex
c) striving for superiority; learned helplessness
d) an internal locus of control; an external locus of control
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Analysis
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
44) Which of the following is NOT associated with Adler’s individual psychology?
a) will to power
b) inferiority complex
c) string for superiority
d) self-efficacy
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
45) Besides sexual and aggressive forces, Jung believed the unconscious contained ________.
a) basic anxiety
b) a will-to-power
c) a striving for superiority
d) positive and spiritual motives
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
46) According to Jung, our collective unconscious consists of ________.
a) inherited archetypes
b) one’s cultural architecture
c) the “archaeology of the soul”
d) the morality of society
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
47) According to Jung, the primitive images and patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behavior that reside in the collective unconscious are called ________.
a) animal instincts
b) archetypes
c) the latent unconscious
d) the Oedipus complex
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
48) Which of the following is INCORRECTLY matched?
a) Adler: individual psychology
b) Jung: conscious psychology
c) Horney: basic anxiety
d) Freud: psychoanalytic psychology
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
49) In Jungian psychology, the archetypes for gender role are the ________.
a) mandala and mandalus
b) anima and animus
c) mother and father
d) phallus and flower
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
50) Jung believed that the anima and animus represent ________.
a) opposing forces in the superego
b) the life and death instincts
c) feminine and masculine components of personality
d) good and evil aspects of the id
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
51) Horney believed that Freud’s concept of penis envy ________.
a) was based on solid empirical data
b) reflected women’s feelings of cultural inferiority rather than biological inferiority
c) should be replaced by the term “womb greed”
d) would only apply to lesbians
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Analysis
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
52) Which of the following personality theorists contributed the concept of power envy?
a) Freud
b) Jung
c) Adler
d) Horney
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
53) Horney believed that the strongest influence on an individual’s personality was that person’s ________.
a) relationship with his or her parents
b) birth order
c) biological imperative
d) power envy
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
54) According to Horney, adults who were neglected or isolated in a hostile environment as children experience helplessness and insecurity as adults, which she called ________.
a) learned helplessness
b) an inferiority complex
c) a neurosis
d) basic anxiety
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
55) According to Horney, an emotionally healthy person will ________.
a) move toward or away from people
b) move toward people only
c) move against and away from people
d) balance moving toward, away, and against people
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
56) Zahari seeks affection and acceptance from others. Horney might say that she is ________.
a) experiencing basic anxiety
b) moving toward people
c) highly dependent and neurotic
d) repressing her power envy
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
57) Which of the following is NOT a criticism of Freud’s psychoanalytic theory?
a) Most of his concepts have inadequate empirical support.
b) His theories placed too much emphasis on sexuality and unconscious forces.
c) He under-emphasized the role of biological determinants.
d) Some of his views were unacceptably sexist.
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Evaluation
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
58) A relatively stable and consistent characteristic that can be used to describe the way a person thinks, feels, and acts is known as a(n) ________.
a) character
b) trait
c) temperament
d) personality
Section Reference 1: Trait Theories
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.2 Review the major concepts of the various trait theories.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
59) Which of the following is a list of personality traits?
a) hunger, arousal, sensation-seeking, achievement
b) cheerful, honest, friendly, optimistic
c) tall, thin, dark-skinned
d) easy, difficult, or slow-to-warm-up
Section Reference 1: Trait Theories
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.2 Review the major concepts of the various trait theories.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
60) According to your text, the BEST definition of factor analysis is ________.
a) an objective measure of personality traits or factors
b) a statistical procedure used to determine the most basic units contained in a large array of data
c) the theory of personality that uses a variety of factors in analyzing character traits
d) a projective measure of personality traits or factors
Section Reference 1: Trait Theories
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.2 Review the major concepts of the various trait theories.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
61) Cattell and Eysenck both used the statistical technique called ________ to determine a cluster of personality traits they believe are universally shared.
a) source analysis
b) trait reduction
c) statistics
d) factor analysis
Section Reference 1: Trait Theories
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.2 Review the major concepts of the various trait theories.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
62) Which of the following is NOT among Eysenck’s basic types of traits?
a) optimism
b) extraversion-introversion
c) neuroticism
d) psychoticism
Section Reference 1: Trait Theories
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.2 Review the major concepts of the various trait theories.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
63) Which of the following is INCORRECTLY matched?
a) Allport: personality consists of a limited number of traits, arranged in a hierarchy
b) Cattell: proposed a list of 16 source traits
c) Eysenck: personality consists of a relationship among three basic types of trait dimensions
d) Big Five: Bravery, Eagerness, Adaptability, Cheerfulness, Honesty
Section Reference 1: Trait Theories
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.2 Review the major concepts of the various trait theories.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
64) The trait theory that explains personality in terms of openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism is called the ________.
a) BEACH theory
b) Five-Factor model
c) factor analysis theory
d) Cattell and Eysenck model
Section Reference 1: Trait Theories
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.2 Review the major concepts of the various trait theories.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
65) Which of the following is the CORRECT list of traits in the Five-Factor model?
a) Bravery, eagerness, adaptability, cheerfulness, honesty (BEACH)
b) Strength, honesty, openness, respect, expectations (SHORE)
c) Openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism (OCEAN)
d) Worrisome, adaptable, venerable, extroverted, stable (WAVES)
Section Reference 1: Trait Theories
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.2 Review the major concepts of the various trait theories.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
66) Garner is imaginative, curious, and interested in new ideas; Brandy is conventional, down-to-earth, and has limited interests. It is likely that Garner scores high and Brandy scores low on the personality dimension of ________ in the Five-Factor model.
a) openness
b) adaptability
c) neuroticism
d) agreeableness
Section Reference 1: Trait Theories
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.2 Review the major concepts of the various trait theories.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
67) Bessie is gentle, cooperative, trusting, and helpful; Obadiah is outgoing, talkative, fun-loving, and affectionate. According to the Five-Factor model, it is likely that Bessie scores high on ________ and Obadiah scores high on ________.
a) openness; agreeableness
b) agreeableness; extroversion
c) extroversion; openness
d) eagerness; cheerfulness
Section Reference 1: Trait Theories
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.2 Review the major concepts of the various trait theories.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
68) Radford is emotionally unstable, insecure, anxious, and moody; Quinn is calm, even-tempered, easygoing, and relaxed. According to the Five-Factor model, it is likely that Radford scores _____; and Quinn scores ________.
a) low on agreeableness; low on conscientiousness
b) low on adaptability; high on adaptability
c) high on neuroticism; low on neuroticism
d) high on introversion; low on eagerness
Section Reference 1: Trait Theories
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.2 Review the major concepts of the various trait theories.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
69) According to Buss, the Five-Factor model of personality traits reflects a(n) ________ advantage to people who are high on extroversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness.
a) interpersonal
b) intrapersonal
c) evolutionary
d) socioeconomic
Section Reference 1: Trait Theories
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.2 Review the major concepts of the various trait theories.
Bloomcode: Analysis
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
70) Research shows that the “Big 5” (five-factor model) may be a biological universal for all but which of the following reasons?
a) There may be an evolutionary advantage to people who are more open, conscientiousness, extraverted, agreeable, and less neurotic.
b) Chimpanzee personalities closely resemble the traits of the five-factor model.
c) Cross-cultural studies support the five-factor model.
d) Psychotherapists find that certain traits are more predictive of improvement in counseling across clients of different cultural backgrounds.
Section Reference 1: Trait Theories
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.2 Review the major concepts of the various trait theories.
Bloomcode: Analysis
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
71) How would you compare what women want in a mate versus what men want in a mate?
a) Only half of the list for women was also on the list for men.
b) The first four characteristics on the lists are identical.
c) Despite popular misconception, neither men nor women valued “good looks” in their top ten criteria for a desirable mate.
d) Both sexes rated “emotional stability and maturity” as the most important criterion.
Section Reference 1: Trait Theories
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.2 Review the major concepts of the various trait theories.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
72) ________ is the inborn drive to realize one’s potential and develop one’s talents.
a) Self-concept
b) Self-esteem
c) Self-actualization
d) Locus of control
Section Reference 1: Humanistic Theories
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.3 Summarize the major concepts of humanistic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
73) If you took the ________ approach to personality, you would emphasize internal experiences, like feelings and thoughts, and the basic worth of the individual.
a) humanistic
b) psychodynamic
c) personalistic
d) motivational
Section Reference 1: Humanistic Theories
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.3 Summarize the major concepts of humanistic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
74) Two theorists associated with the humanistic perspective of personality development are ________.
a) John Watson and B.F. Skinner
b) Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung
c) Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
d) Karen Horney and Alfred Adler
Section Reference 1: Humanistic Theories
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.3 Summarize the major concepts of humanistic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
75) According to Rogerian theorists, the image that you have of yourself that is based on interactions with significant others and life experiences is called your ________.
a) self-esteem
b) self-concept
c) self-potential
d) actualizing self
Section Reference 1: Humanistic Theories
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.3 Summarize the major concepts of humanistic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
76) In Rogers’ theory of personality, maladjustment is the result of ________.
a) incongruence between our ideal and real selves
b) an incompatibility between self-concept and self-esteem
c) conditioned emotional responses
d) phenomenology
Section Reference 1: Humanistic Theories
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.3 Summarize the major concepts of humanistic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
77) ________ emphasized the importance of self-concept. He believed our personality and individual self-esteem are heavily influenced by early childhood experiences.
a) Carl Rogers
b) Abraham Maslow
c) Karen Horney
d) Carl Jung
Section Reference 1: Humanistic Theories
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.3 Summarize the major concepts of humanistic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
78) According to Rogerians, if your self-concept is congruent with your life experiences, you are likely to ________.
a) strive for superiority
b) be self-actualized
c) feel inferior to others
d) be mentally healthy
Section Reference 1: Humanistic Theories
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.3 Summarize the major concepts of humanistic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
79) Unconditional positive regard is Carl Rogers’s term for ________.
a) accepting any and all behavior as a positive manifestation of self-actualization
b) positive behavior toward a person without attaching any contingencies
c) nonjudgmental listening
d) phenomenological congruence
Section Reference 1: Humanistic Theories
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.3 Summarize the major concepts of humanistic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
80) Rogers thought that ________ is necessary for a child’s uniqueness and positive self-concept to unfold naturally.
a) permissive parenting
b) a challenging environment
c) unconditional positive regard
d) a friendly neighborhood
Section Reference 1: Humanistic Theories
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.3 Summarize the major concepts of humanistic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
81) Mr. Polanski listens without judgment to his daughter’s reasons for being late, then informs her that he disapproves of her behavior, and provides consequences. The conversation ends with him telling her “I love you,” and giving her a hug and a kiss. This is an example of ________.
a) phenomenological parenting
b) unconditional positive regard
c) permissive parenting
d) authoritarian parenting
Section Reference 1: Humanistic Theories
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.3 Summarize the major concepts of humanistic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
82) The innate tendency toward growth that motivates all human behavior and results in the full realization of a person's highest potential is called ________.
a) self-realization
b) self-promotion
c) self-actualization
d) self-potentiation
Section Reference 1: Humanistic Theories
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.3 Summarize the major concepts of humanistic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
83) The personality theorist who believed in the basic goodness of individuals and their natural tendency toward self-actualization was ________.
a) Karen Horney
b) Alfred Adler
c) Abraham Maslow
d) Carl Jung
Section Reference 1: Humanistic Theories
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.3 Summarize the major concepts of humanistic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
84) According to Maslow, what did Albert Einstein, Mohandas Gandhi, and Eleanor Roosevelt have in common?
a) They were all fully self-actualized.
b) They all engaged in unconditional positive regard toward others.
c) They were all humanists.
d) Each was a phenomenological success in his or her own field.
Section Reference 1: Humanistic Theories
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.3 Summarize the major concepts of humanistic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
85) Which of the following is FALSE about humanistic psychology?
a) Its assumption that all people are inherently good has not been proven.
b) Most of its concepts cannot be empirically tested.
c) It merely explains personality, rather than teaching how to change it.
d) It emphasizes internal mechanisms that relate to personality.
Section Reference 1: Humanistic Theories
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.3 Summarize the major concepts of humanistic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Evaluation
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
86) The belief that your personality is the result of your unique history of interactions with the environment and your thoughts and interpretations about those interactions is called the ________ approach to personality.
a) interactionist
b) cognitive-behavioral
c) self-within-society
d) social/cognitive
Section Reference 1: Social-Cognitive Theories
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.4 Review the major concepts of social-cognitive theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
87) According to Bandura, ________ involves a person’s learned expectation of success in a given situation.
a) self-actualization
b) self-esteem
c) self-efficacy
d) self-congruence
Section Reference 1: Social-Cognitive Theories
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.4 Review the major concepts of social-cognitive theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
88) Wilson took this psychology course once before and failed. However, he refuses to give up, and believes that he can earn a “C” or better this time even though he still has to work part-time. It is likely that Wilson ________.
a) suffers from delusions of grandeur
b) has an external locus of control
c) has high self-efficacy
d) is engaged in reciprocal determinism
Section Reference 1: Social-Cognitive Theories
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.4 Review the major concepts of social-cognitive theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
89) According to ________, thoughts (or cognitions), behavior, and the environment all interact to produce personality.
a) reciprocal determinism
b) interactionism
c) confluence theory
d) reverberating circuits theory
Section Reference 1: Social-Cognitive Theories
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.4 Review the major concepts of social-cognitive theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
90) Cecily believes she can become the top saleswoman in her company; consequently, she comes in early and stays late, which puts her in contact with more customers. Additionally, her enthusiasm inspires customers to pay attention to the benefits of her product, and every sale Cecily makes inspires her to make another. This is an example of Bandura’s theory of ________.
a) interaction
b) congruent behavior
c) synergistic success
d) reciprocal determinism
Section Reference 1: Social-Cognitive Theories
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.4 Review the major concepts of social-cognitive theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
91) Rotter believed that personality or behavior is determined by your ________.
a) cognitive expectancies
b) cognitive reinforcers
c) self-concepts
d) self-reinforcers
Section Reference 1: Social-Cognitive Theories
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.4 Review the major concepts of social-cognitive theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
92) Your beliefs about who or what is in charge of the outcomes in your life are called your ________.
a) environmental expectancies
b) locus of control
c) outcome contingencies
d) cognitive power
Section Reference 1: Social-Cognitive Theories
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.4 Review the major concepts of social-cognitive theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
93) Della believes she earned an “A” in chemistry because the test was easy and she made a lot of lucky guesses. It is likely that Della has a(n) ________ locus of control.
a) undervalued
b) external
c) negative
d) extrinsic
Section Reference 1: Social-Cognitive Theories
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.4 Review the major concepts of social-cognitive theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
94) Devinia believes she earned an “A” in chemistry because she followed the teacher’s study suggestions and worked hard all semester. It is likely that Devinia has a(n) ________ locus of control.
a) overvalued
b) internal
c) positive
d) intrinsic
Section Reference 1: Social-Cognitive Theories
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.4 Review the major concepts of social-cognitive theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
95) Malcolm consults his horoscope to determine what stocks to buy; Miles studies the financial section of the paper and follows the track record of companies he's interested in before buying stocks. It is MOST likely that Malcolm ________ and Miles ________.
a) will go broke; will get rich
b) has an external locus of control (LOC); has an internal LOC
c) has low self-efficacy; has high self-efficacy
d) believes in a bull market; believes in a bear market
Section Reference 1: Social-Cognitive Theories
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.4 Review the major concepts of social-cognitive theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
96) Criticisms of the social-cognitive approach to personality include all EXCEPT which of the following?
a) It ignores the contribution of emotion and sociocultural influences on personality.
b) It focuses too much on situational influences of behavior.
c) It does not meet the standards for scientific research.
d) It ignores the role of biological influences and the unconscious in determining personality.
Section Reference 1: Social-Cognitive Theories
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.4 Review the major concepts of social-cognitive theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Evaluation
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
97) ________ theories emphasize the importance of genetics in the development of personality.
a) Cognitive
b) Phenomenological
c) Social-learning
d) Biological
Section Reference 1: Biological Theories
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.5 Summarize the role that biology plays in personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
98) ________ is a neurotransmitter that is associated with addictive personality traits, novelty-seeking and extraversion.
a) Adrenaline
b) Dopamine
c) Norepinephrine
d) Serotonin
Section Reference 1: Biological Theories
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.5 Summarize the role that biology plays in personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
99) Compared to low sensation-seekers and introverts, high sensation-seekers and extroverts tend to have ________.
a) lower levels of physiological arousal
b) higher levels of serotonin
c) lower levels of psychological arousal
d) lower levels of acetylcholine
Section Reference 1: Biological Theories
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.5 Summarize the role that biology plays in personality.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
100) This is the study of the relative effects of heredity and the environment on behavior and mental processes.
a) the biobehavioral approach
b) the genetic-environmental perspective
c) behavioral genetics
d) the biopsychosocial model
Section Reference 1: Biological Theories
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.5 Summarize the role that biology plays in personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
101) ________ appear(s) to have the largest influence (40% to 50%) on personality.
a) The unshared environment
b) Shared environments
c) Genetic factors
d) Life choices
Section Reference 1: Biological Theories
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.5 Summarize the role that biology plays in personality.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
102) The nonshared environment in studies of personality refers to differences in ________.
a) the genetic makeup of individuals
b) aspects of the environment that differ between individuals
c) cultural practices
d) the living conditions and economic circumstances of different family groups
Section Reference 1: Biological Theories
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.5 Summarize the role that biology plays in personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
103) The ________ approach represents an overlap of the contributions of several different approaches to the study of personality.
a) unification
b) association
c) biopsychosocial
d) phenomenological
Section Reference 1: Biological Theories
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.5 Summarize the role that biology plays in personality.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
104) According to research, about what percentage of adults read their newspaper horoscopes?
a) 90%
b) 75%
c) 50%
d) 33%
Section Reference 1: Personality Assessment
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.6 Review the major methods and limitations of personality assessment.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
105) Which of the following is FALSE about “pseudo” personality tests like astrological and tarot readings?
a) They usually include generalized traits that are shared by nearly everyone.
b) They usually include traits that are positive and flattering.
c) They may include traits that are neutral.
d) They usually reveal traits that are negative and socially undesirable.
Section Reference 1: Personality Assessment
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.6 Review the major methods and limitations of personality assessment.
Bloomcode: Analysis
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
106) Phrenology refers to the study of ________.
a) mental illness, based on the size of a person’s head
b) personality, based on the location of bumps on a person’s head
c) animal personality, based on an animal’s social interactions
d) character, based on nonverbal behaviors and physical features
Section Reference 1: Personality Assessment
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.6 Review the major methods and limitations of personality assessment.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
107) If you received a blow to your head that left a visible bump, which of the following professionals would refuse to perform an assessment on you until the bump subsided?
a) a psychiatric social worker
b) a phrenologist
c) a psychologist
d) a psychiatrist
Section Reference 1: Personality Assessment
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.6 Review the major methods and limitations of personality assessment.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
108) Which of the following is NOT used by a psychologist to assess someone’s personality?
a) observations
b) interviews
c) objective tests
d) handwriting analysis
Section Reference 1: Personality Assessment
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.6 Review the major methods and limitations of personality assessment.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
109) The manager at McKing’s Burger Joint prefers to conduct ________ interviews of potential employees and talks with them informally while walking through a nearby park; the manager at Sunny Manufacturers prefers ________ interviews and asks specific, formal questions following a set procedure.
a) projective; objective
b) biographical; standardized
c) unstructured; structured
d) friendly; threatening
Section Reference 1: Personality Assessment
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.6 Review the major methods and limitations of personality assessment.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
110) Which of the following psychologists is MOST likely engaged in an observational assessment of personality?
a) Dr. Lee makes a note on his attendance record of students who are late to class.
b) Dr. Abramson remarks to his wife that she is drinking too much during the ball game.
c) Dr. Carson watches how 6-year-old Omar interacts with others in his new classroom.
d) Dr. Tsoples notices that her friend is tailgating the car ahead of them.
Section Reference 1: Personality Assessment
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.6 Review the major methods and limitations of personality assessment.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
111) A multiphasic personality test measures ________.
a) multiple personalities
b) a range of personality traits
c) personalities that emerge during different developmental phases
d) personalities that emerge during different phases of the moon
Section Reference 1: Personality Assessment
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.6 Review the major methods and limitations of personality assessment.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
112) The MMPI-2 is an example of a(n) ________ personality test.
a) unreliable
b) invalid
c) objective
d) subjective
Section Reference 1: Personality Assessment
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.6 Review the major methods and limitations of personality assessment.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
113) The most widely researched and clinically used self-report personality test is the ________.
a) MMPI-2
b) Rorschach inkblot test
c) TAT
d) SVII
Section Reference 1: Personality Assessment
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.6 Review the major methods and limitations of personality assessment.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
114) The most widely used personality test is the MMPI, or ________ Inventory.
a) Midwest Multiphasic Personality
b) Michigan Multiphasic Personality
c) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
d) Mickey Mouse Profile
Section Reference 1: Personality Assessment
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.6 Review the major methods and limitations of personality assessment.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
115) According to your text, one of the major objectives of the MMPI-2 is to ________.
a) determine whether a patient’s personality is normal
b) assess a person’s propensity to lie or distort the truth
c) assist in the diagnosis of psychological disorders
d) determine whether or not a person convicted of a crime will be able to survive prison.
Section Reference 1: Personality Assessment
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.6 Review the major methods and limitations of personality assessment.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
116) The use of ambiguous, unstructured stimuli to assess personality is called ________ testing.
a) subjective
b) discriminative
c) projective
d) inductive
Section Reference 1: Personality Assessment
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.6 Review the major methods and limitations of personality assessment.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
117) The Rorschach inkblot test and the Thematic Apperception Test are examples of ________ tests.
a) aptitude and achievement
b) projective personality
c) the most reliable and valid personality
d) culturally biased personality
Section Reference 1: Personality Assessment
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.6 Review the major methods and limitations of personality assessment.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
118) The idea that a person will “broadcast” his inner thoughts, feelings and conflicts onto an ambiguous stimulus is the basis for the ________ methods of personality assessment.
a) subjective
b) observational
c) objective
d) projective
Section Reference 1: Personality Assessment
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.6 Review the major methods and limitations of personality assessment.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
119) On the Thematic Apperception Test, people are asked to look at an ambiguous scene and ________.
a) report what it looks like to them
b) tell a story about what has happened, is happening, and will happen in the scene
c) explain how they feel about the scene
d) draw a scene that would complement what is happening in the picture they viewed
Section Reference 1: Personality Assessment
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.6 Review the major methods and limitations of personality assessment.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
120) Finlay has been given a card with an ambiguous scene containing two people, and is asked to tell a story about what led up to the scene, what is happening now, and how the story will end. It is MOST likely that Finlay’s doctor is trying to assess Finlay’s ________, using the ________.
a) contact with reality; Rorschach test
b) perceptual accuracy; MMPI
c) hidden needs and motives; Thematic Apperception Test
d) aptitudes and interests; SVII
Section Reference 1: Personality Assessment
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.6 Review the major methods and limitations of personality assessment.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
121) Which of the following is FALSE regarding objective personality tests?
a) They provide specific information about a limited number of personality traits.
b) They take relatively little time to administer and score, compared to projective tests.
c) People may attempt to fake their answers or answer in socially desirable ways.
d) They may be culturally biased.
Section Reference 1: Personality Assessment
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.6 Review the major methods and limitations of personality assessment.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
122) The Rorschach inkblot test is one of the most popular methods of personality assessment, which ________.
a) is more difficult to interpret than objective personality tests
b) has high reliability but poor validity
c) has high validity but poor reliability
d) is quicker and easier to administer than the MMPI-2
Section Reference 1: Personality Assessment
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.6 Review the major methods and limitations of personality assessment.
Bloomcode: Evaluation
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
123) At N. Sanity Hospital, none of the psychologists can agree on the results of a personality test for a newly admitted patient. It is MOST likely that the test this patient took was the ________.
a) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2)
b) The original Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
c) Rorschach inkblot test
d) Sixteen Personality Factors Questionnaire (16PF)
Section Reference 1: Personality Assessment
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.6 Review the major methods and limitations of personality assessment.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
124) Which of the following is FALSE regarding projective personality tests?
a) Because there are no obvious right or wrong answers, it is harder to fake responses than in objective tests.
b) They are unstructured, and may allow access to sensitive, anxiety-laden topics.
c) Many professionals use them because they have the highest reliability and validity of all the personality tests.
d) They take more time to administer and interpret than objective tests.
Section Reference 1: Personality Assessment
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.6 Review the major methods and limitations of personality assessment.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
125) One reason people tend to believe in pseudo personality tests is because they have “something for everyone.” This is called the ________.
a) Barnum Effect
b) Sucker Effect
c) Bailey Effect
d) Rule of Universals
Section Reference 1: Personality Assessment
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.6 Review the major methods and limitations of personality assessment.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
126) If you believe what a pseudo personality test says about you, this may be because everyone has a tendency to prefer the flattering or neutral statements about themselves that such tests contain. This is called the ________.
a) Fallacy of Positive Comments
b) Self-Serving Bias
c) Delusion of Perfection
d) Goodness of Fit
Section Reference 1: Personality Assessment
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.6 Review the major methods and limitations of personality assessment.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
Question type: Text Entry
127) The value judgments we make about a person’s morals, integrity, honesty, and other similar traits is called ___.
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
128) The first feminist criticism of Freud’s psychoanalytic theory was offered by neo-Freudian ___.
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
129) What were the three personality dimensions offered by Hans Eysenck, an important early trait theorist in personality psychology? ___
Section Reference 1: Trait Theories
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.2 Review the major concepts of the various trait theories.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
Question type: Essay
130) What are the five steps, from most basic (lowest) to most advanced (highest) in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
Section Reference 1: Humanistic Theories
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.3 Summarize the major concepts of humanistic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
Question type: Text Entry
131) The concept of ___ in social-cognitive theory is very similar to our everyday notion of “self-confidence.”
Section Reference 1: Social-Cognitive Theories
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.4 Review the major concepts of social-cognitive theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
Question type: Essay
132) Briefly discuss the brain structures that have been found to be involved in personality.
Section Reference 1: Biological Theories
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.5 Summarize the role that biology plays in personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
133) What is a major criticism of the Rorschach inkblot test?
Section Reference 1: Personality Assessment
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.6 Review the major methods and limitations of personality assessment.
Bloomcode: Evaluation
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
134) What is the Barnum Effect?
Section Reference 1: Personality Assessment
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.6 Review the major methods and limitations of personality assessment.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
135) Describe and illustrate Freud’s three levels of consciousness and his three components of personality.
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
136) Briefly describe each of Freud’s psychosexual stages, including the approximate ages, the erogenous zones, the primary conflicts, and an unhealthy resolution for each stage.
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
Section Reference 1: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.1 Summarize the major concepts of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
138) Describe the five-factor model of personality traits.
Section Reference 1: Trait Theories
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.2 Review the major concepts of the various trait theories.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
139) Describe the findings of research on the human and nonhuman dimensions of animal personality.
Section Reference 1: Trait Theories
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.2 Review the major concepts of the various trait theories.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
140) Define humanistic psychology, and describe two concepts that can be attributed to Rogers and two that can be attributed to Maslow. State which humanist you believe described personality most accurately, and explain your choice.
Section Reference 1: Humanistic Theories
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.3 Summarize the major concepts of humanistic theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
141) State the social/cognitive perspective on personality, and describe the concepts proposed by the two most influential theorists in this field.
Section Reference 1: Social-Cognitive Theories
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.4 Review the major concepts of social-cognitive theories of personality.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
142) Describe the role of brain structures, neurochemistry, and genetics in the development of personality.
Section Reference 1: Biological Theories
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.5 Summarize the role that biology plays in personality.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
143) Describe the MMPI-2 and discuss how it is administered and what its primary functions are.
Section Reference 1: Personality Assessment
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.6 Review the major methods and limitations of personality assessment.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
144) Describe and provide examples of the four methods of personality assessment.
Section Reference 1: Personality Assessment
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.6 Review the major methods and limitations of personality assessment.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
145) Imagine that you have a friend who believes in astrology. Describe and illustrate the logical fallacies of the Barnum Effect, Confirmation Bias, and Self-serving Bias that support your friend's beliefs.
Section Reference 1: Personality Assessment
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 13.6 Review the major methods and limitations of personality assessment.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking