Pediatric Psychology Test Bank Answers Ch.13

Chapter 13

Pediatric Psychology

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The term “pediatric psychology” was first coined in 1967 by ________.
   1. Joseph D. Matarazzo
   2. Albert Bandura
   3. Logan Wright
   4. Sigmund Freud

Page: 285

1. According to Compas and colleagues’ review of coping with chronic illness in childhood and adolescence, secondary control or accommodative coping signifies efforts to ________.
   1. act on the source of stress or one’s emotions
   2. adapt to the source of stress
   3. avoid or deny the stressor
   4. actively eradicate the source of stress

Page: 288

1. The most commonly reported chronic illness among children is ________.
   1. epilepsy
   2. diabetes
   3. autism spectrum disorder
   4. asthma

Page: 286

1. Children with cancer reported ________ as the most frequently experienced stressor.
   1. the physical effects of therapy
   2. fear and/or uncertainty about the risk of death
   3. interruptions in their daily role functioning
   4. concerns about public image

Page: 287

1. Parents should have a positive attitude towards the bedtime/wake time routine and stimulate a positive mood in their child. This positive mood should primarily be ________.
   1. fun
   2. exciting
   3. relaxing
   4. stimulating

Page: 301

1. Parents who expressed high levels of stress in the areas of cancer caregiving and cancer communication were more likely to ________.
   1. report post-traumatic stress symptoms
   2. encourage low adherence to pediatric treatment regimens
   3. avoid or delay physician’s appointments
   4. report digestive trouble

Page: 287

1. Research has shown that children with chronic medical conditions who employed ________ coping strategies fared better, psychologically, than those who employed ________ coping strategies.
   1. primary control; disengagement
   2. secondary control; disengagement
   3. secondary control; active
   4. secondary control; primary control

Pages: 288-289

1. More complex treatment regimens for chronically ill children are not associated with ________.
   1. higher levels of adherence
   2. integration of a behavioural-management strategy
   3. more intensive education and intervention
   4. support family-based problem solving

Page: 291

1. Successful interventions to promote treatment adherence among children typically ________.
   1. target a narrow age range
   2. limit access to care
   3. exclude the family
   4. target a broad age spectrum

Pages: 290-292

1. ________ are associated with higher levels of treatment adherence among children with chronic conditions.
   1. Strong parental beliefs about the inefficacy of treatment
   2. Lower levels of parental involvement in condition management
   3. Less complex treatment regimens
   4. Lower levels of child involvement in condition management

Pages: 290-292

1. Pill-swallowing difficulty in children is best addressed by ________.
   1. hiding the pill (e.g., in food)
   2. behavioural education
   3. avoidance therapy
   4. humourous intervention

Pages: 291-292

1. When trying to help manage their child’s painful medical procedures, parents should avoid using ________.
   1. reassurance
   2. humour
   3. distraction
   4. praise

Pages: 286, 292-294

1. There is evidence that as many as ________ of children with chronic pain continue to experience chronic pain as adults. This trajectory is strongly predicted by ________ factors.
   1. two-thirds; socio-economic
   2. two-thirds; psychological
   3. one-half; socio-economic
   4. one-half; psychological

Page: 298

1. Children above the age of five years are generally able to provide self-reports of their pain using self-report tools such as ________.
   1. the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ)
   2. the Pediatric Pain Management Survey (PPMS)
   3. the Faces Pain Scale–Revised (FPS–R)
   4. the Chronic Pain Review (CPR)

Page: 294

1. It is important that scales for pain assessment, such as the Faces Pain Scale–Revised, begin with a relatively ________ face.
   1. sad
   2. smiling
   3. neutral
   4. frowning

Page: 294

1. Observer reports generally tend to ________ children’s pain.
   1. underestimate
   2. overestimate
   3. accurately gauge
   4. vastly overestimate

Page: 295

1. It is estimated that ________ of dying children each year receive hospice or palliative services.
   1. 10 per cent
   2. 30 per cent
   3. 50 per cent
   4. 70 per cent

Page: 299

1. Children experiencing chronic medical conditions are often emotionally and behaviourally impacted most strongly by ________.
   1. self-management problems
   2. reading problems
   3. feeding problems
   4. sleep problems

Page: 300

1. ________ is defined as the passage of feces in inappropriate places.
   1. Encopresis
   2. Enuresis
   3. Eustress
   4. Exacerbation

Pages: 302, 304

1. There is strong evidence that ________ is the most effective intervention for bedwetting in children.
   1. the urine alarm
   2. medication
   3. biofeedback
   4. enhanced toilet training

Pages: 302-303

1. Group-based interventions for siblings of children with chronic health conditions can reduce maladjustments if include ________.
   1. developmentally appropriate information regarding the sibling’s condition
   2. coping skill training
   3. emotional support from parents
   4. all the above

Page: 303

1. Of the four types of psychological interventions directed towards parents of chronically ill children examined by Eccleston and colleagues ________ best improved parents’ distress and their ability to solve problems.
   1. cognitive behavioural therapy
   2. family therapy
   3. problem-solving therapy
   4. multi-systemic therapy

Page: 303

1. ________ is part of the evidence-based treatment for encopresis.
   1. Education about the nature of constipation and soiling
   2. The use of laxatives
   3. Behavioural intervention to reinforce proper habits
   4. All of the above

Page: 302

1. It is recommended that bedtimes be no later than ________ across childhood.
   1. 7 p.m.
   2. 8 p.m.
   3. 9 p.m.
   4. 10 p.m.

Page: 300

1. In a recent study, children undergoing a routine vaccination were randomized to interact with MEDi, a humanoid robot. Compared to the children that received the usual care during this procedure, those exposed to MEDi reported ________.
   1. lower pain
   2. higher pain
   3. the same level of pain
   4. higher pain, but only in the subgroup with lower SES

Page: 304

Short Answer Questions

1. Briefly describe the main goals of pediatric psychology.

Pages: 285-286

1. Briefly outline the professional goals of the Society of Pediatric Psychology.

Page: 286

1. Outline Compas and colleagues’ (2012) control-based model of coping.

Pages: 286-287

1. Outline the typical trajectory (i.e., chain of events) of a chronic pediatric condition.

Pages: 286-290

1. Briefly explain how coping strategies evolve during a child’s development.

Page: 289

1. Briefly describe the methodological difficulties, in clinical practice and in research, of evaluating stress in children with chronic conditions.

Pages: 288-289

1. Briefly outline the structure of the type of psychological intervention that has been most effective in improving adherence to complex treatment regimens in children.

Pages: 290-292

1. Outline the methods, as well as the challenges, of measuring pediatric pain.

Page: 294

1. Outline the approaches used to minimize procedure-related pain in children.

Page: 295

1. Briefly explain how pediatric palliative care is different from adult care.

Page: 299

Essay Answer Questions

1. Explain why, despite their low prevalence, hearing problems among children are a serious concern.

Page: 286

1. Outline the unique challenges facing pediatric psychology.

Pages: 285-286

1. Describe and discuss the use of novel technologies to assist children with chronic conditions.

Pages: 304-306

1. Describe common feeding issues with children, how these issues can have serious negative long-term outcomes, and how they can be addressed.

Pages: 299-300, 302

1. Discuss some creative approaches to maintaining pediatric treatment adherence.

Pages: 290-292