Parenteral Solutions Chapter.4 Test Bank Answers

Chapter 4: Parenteral Solutions

Multiple Choice

Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. A nurse administers a parenteral solution to a client that contains portions of electrolytes, similar to plasma, as well as bicarbonate. The nurse is administering a(n):

A. hypotonic solution.

B. isotonic solution.

C. balanced solution.

D. hypertonic solution.

2. A client presents in an emergency department and is diagnosed with fluid volume deficit. A nurse begins I.V. therapy per a physician’s order to replace the client’s lost fluids. Which hypotonic I.V. solution should the nurse anticipate being ordered for this client?

A. 0.45% sodium chloride

B. 5% dextrose in water

C. 10% dextrose in water

D. 5% dextrose in 0.9% sodium chloride

3. An emergency department nurse is administering a colloidal I.V. solution to a client diagnosed with hypovolemia. Which solution, administered by the nurse, is considered a colloid solution?

A. Lactated Ringer’s

B. Albumin

C. 5% dextrose in water

D. D₅1/2 normal saline

4. A nurse is preparing to begin fluid replacement therapy on an older, adult, dehydrated client. Before a client is started on replacement therapy, which physiological function should be assessed?

A. Respiratory function

B. Renal function

C. Endocrine function

D. Adrenal function

5. A nurse prepares to administer a blood transfusion to a client. Which I.V. solution is the only acceptable solution for the nurse to use to prime the administration set before administering blood?

A. Lactated Ringer’s solution

B. 5% dextrose in water

C. 0.9% sodium chloride

D. D₅1/2 normal saline

6. A pediatric nurse is preparing to administer a hypotonic I.V. solution to a child experiencing profound dehydration. Which solution would be considered a hydrating solution?

A. 5% dextrose in water

B. Lactated Ringer’s solution

C. 10% dextrose in water

D. D₅1/2 normal saline

7. A nurse is administering I.V. potassium at a rate of 15 mEq/hr via a peripheral vein. When infusing potassium at this rate via this route, for which imbalance should the nurse monitor?

A. Hypernatremia

B. Hypercalcemia

C. Hyperkalemia

D. Hyperglycemia

8. A pediatric nurse is thinking critically to determine the best methods for assessing an infant’s 24-hour fluid needs. Which three methods for assessment of 24-hour fluid needs in an infant should the nurse consider?

A. Meter square, diaper weight, and urinary output

B. Meter square, body weight, and caloric methods

C. Meter square, specific gravity of urine, and urinary output

D. Diaper weight, specific gravity, and caloric needs

9. A 3-year-old child is hospitalized because of persistent vomiting. For which condition should a nurse carefully monitor the child?

A. Diarrhea

B. Metabolic acidosis

C. Metabolic alkalosis

D. Hyperactive bowel

10. A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with dehydration and tachycardia. After assessing the client, which factors should the nurse most anticipate would influence the healthcare provider’s choice, amount and rate of parenteral solutions?

A. Cardiac function, fluid and electrolyte imbalance, and renal function

B. Clinical status, renal function, and homeostasis disturbance

C. Renal function, daily electrolyte requirements, and clinical status

D. Fluid and electrolyte imbalance, clinical status, and renal function

Multiple Response

Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.

1. A nurse is caring for multiple clients on a medical-surgical unit. Which clients should a nurse identify as being at risk for developing “third spacing?” (Select all that apply.)

A. A client with cirrhosis

B. A client with diabetes mellitus

C. A client with sepsis

D. A client with renal failure

E. A client with alcoholism

2. The nurse understands that insensible fluid loss occurs through which routes? (Select all that apply.)

A. Skin

B. Lungs

C. Urinary output

D. Gastrointestinal tract

E. Wound drainage

3. A physician orders that a client receives 0.9% sodium chloride intravenously at 150 mL/hr. Which are characteristics of this I.V. solution? (Select all that apply.)

A. The solution is isotonic with the plasma.

B. The solution is hypotonic with the plasma.

C. The solution does not affect the plasma’s osmolarity.

D. The solution contains only sodium and chloride ions.

E. The solution is hypertonic with plasma.

4. A client diagnosed with diverticulosis will be undergoing surgery in three days and is placed on a nothing-by-mouth diet (NPO). Which of the following justifies the nurse placing the client on maintenance parenteral solution? (Select all that apply.)

A. The client is NPO (nothing by mouth) for surgery.

B. To support the client’s daily need for dextrose.

C. Water is needed to transport nutrients in and out of cells.

D. To initiate and maintain the body’s core temperature.

E. To aid in the loss of water through panting when in pain.

5. The nurse taking care of a group of clients in the clinic assesses the following clients' need for replacement infusion therapy: (Select all that apply.)

A. The client vomiting from flu-like symptoms

B. The client whose vital signs are B/P 90/55, R30, and P110

C. The client complaining of stomach pain and anorexia times 5 days

D. The client with VS, B/P 110/82, R22, and P88

E. The client with an infection from a head wound

6. The nurse is administering replacement infusion therapy that includes 40 mEq/hr of potassium to a client diagnosed with severe hypokalemia secondary to diarrhea. Which precautions are indicated when administering this type of therapy? (Select all that apply.)

A. Monitoring of ECG while on therapy.

B. Administering potassium by IV push.

C. Checking renal function prior to administration of therapy.

D. Checking serum chloride levels prior to administration of therapy.

E. Assessing client for hyperkalemia during administration of therapy.

7. The nurse receives an order to administer lactated Ringer’s (LR) solution to a client who had significant blood loss due to surgery. Why does the nurse anticipate this was chosen by the healthcare provider over the crystalloid dextrose? (Select all that apply.)

A. LR remains isotonic into interstitial spaces.

B. The tonicity of plasma remains unchanged.

C. Dextrose has an isotonic initial response.

D. The tonicity of the interstitial space is unchanged.

E. Dextrose and LR can be used interchangeably.

8. A client diagnosed with shock following a car accident is in need of fluid replacement and volume due significant blood loss from the trauma. The client also has a history of CHF. Which replacement infusion therapy does the nurse anticipate? (Select all that apply.)

A. Lactated Ringer's

B. 0.9% sodium chloride

C. Albumin

D. Dextran

E. Gelatin

9. A four-year old child is admitted to the pediatric unit with a 3-degree spike in temperature. The nurse calculated the child’s caloric needs will need to be increased by how much? (Select all that apply.)

A. 12% per degree

B. 36%

C. 10% per degree

D. 32 %

E. 3 kcal/degree

10. When determining accuracy in fluid need of pediatric clients, which factors must be considered? (Select all that apply.)

A. BSA of 50g or more

B. BMR of every calorie consumed

C. Strict I&O monitoring

D. Diaper weight

E. Decreased muscle mass

Chapter 4: Parenteral Solutions

Multiple Choice

Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. A nurse administers a parenteral solution to a client that contains portions of electrolytes, similar to plasma, as well as bicarbonate. The nurse is administering a(n):

A. hypotonic solution.

B. isotonic solution.

C. balanced solution.

D. hypertonic solution.