Ch.2 Test Bank Infection Prevention And Occupational Risks

Chapter 2: Infection Prevention and Occupational Risks

Multiple Choice

Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. During a hospital orientation, a newly hired nurse learns that infection prevention and health-care worker safety follows set standards or guidelines from various organizations. The nurse interprets that the main focus of the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. (APIC) is on:

A. preventing and promoting zero tolerance for health-care associated infections.

B. establishing guidelines for infection control practices.

C. providing a framework for infusion policies and procedures.

D. improving safety and quality through innovation.

2. A healthy individual comes in contact with a rhinovirus while out in the community. Which actions constitute the first line of nonspecific defense mechanisms against the invading infection?

A. Phagocytosis and a complement cascade

B. Leukocytes and proteins

C. Physical and chemical barriers

D. Immune system and phagocytes

3. A nurse is teaching a client who is immunosuppressed about ways to help the client to avoid infections. The nurse teaches the client that the purpose of the immune system is to provide:

A. the body with antigens.

B. a way to inhibit the formation of antibodies to antigens.

C. a way for the organism to move from the source to the host.

D. the body with a way to recognize and destroy invading antigens.

4. A nurse is caring for a hospitalized client who has a health-care–associated infection (HAI). The nurse determines that which links in the chain of infection could have been responsible for the client’s infection?

A. Organism, inflammation, and infection.

B. Disease, the organism, and the host.

C. Agent, the host, and transmission.

D. Host, signs, and symptoms.

5. A hospitalized client has acquired an infusion-related infection. Which is the most appropriate intervention for a nurse to implement when caring for a client who has an infusion-related infection?

A. Monitoring for signs and symptoms of sepsis

B. Monitoring for dysrhythmias

C. Use of full-barrier protection

D. Educating the client on good hand hygiene techniques

6. A client with active tuberculosis (TB) is admitted to a hospital. A nurse implements transmission-based precautions when caring for the client because the nurse is concerned about the dissemination of the disease. Which statement best describes dissemination?

A. The movement of an organism from source to the host

B. Produced within or caused by factors within the organism

C. The replication of organisms in the tissue of the host

D. The movement of an organism from individual to environment

7. A nurse on an intensive care unit is caring for a febrile client with a central venous catheter whose blood pressure is steadily dropping. The nurse suspects septicemia. Which microorganism is responsible for most cases of septicemia related to infusion?

A. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

B. Clostridium difficile

C. Coagulase-negative staphylococci

D. Bordetella Pertussis

8. When comparing intrinsic versus extrinsic causes of bloodstream infections (BSIs), the most important way to prevent contamination includes which measure?

A. Inspecting all protective coverings and seals (intrinsic)

B. Inspecting solutions for clarity and expiration dates (intrinsic)

C. Examining solution for proper refrigeration techniques (extrinsic)

D. Using stringent asepsis during preparation of admixtures (extrinsic)

9. The nurse is about to draw blood for lab work from a three-way stopcock on the client’s CVAD per healthcare provider orders. What is the most important technique the nurse must perform in order to prevent a BSI?

A. Notify the healthcare provider that the stopcock is not appropriate for drawing blood.

B. Place a red cap on the port to let other nurses know to use that port only for blood.

C. Use aseptic technique to access and a sterile cap on the ports to provide a closed system.

D. Administer a heparin flush before and after use to prevent clotting.

10. In 2008, a survey sponsored by the American Nurses Association (ANA, 2008) identified three main causes of needle-stick injury. Which cause of needle-stick injury was assessed as being the most prevalent?

A. Before activating the needles safety feature

B. After leaving a needle on any surface

C. While activating the safety features

D. In responding to an action by a co-worker

Multiple Response

Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.

1. A nurse is taking care of a client newly diagnosed with HIV. Because the client’s immune system is compromised, which organs is the nurse concerned about during her assessment? (Select all that apply.)

A. Thymus

B. Bone marrow

C. Heart

D. Lungs

E. Gallbladder

2. A new client diagnosed with AIDS is being seen in a hospital clinic. Which characteristics should a nurse anticipate when assessing a client with immunosuppression? (Select all that apply.)

A. Frequent infections

B. Infections are more severe than usual

C. Incomplete response to treatment

D. Leukocyte count of 5,000 to 10,000

E. Neutrophil count of 55-70%

3. A nurse is caring for a client who has an I.V. access. With which sources of contamination should the nurse be concerned when attempting to reduce the client’s risk of infection? (Select all that apply.)

A. Skin

B. Air

C. Entry points

D. Mucous membranes

E. Catheter hub

4. A nurse is preparing to initiate I.V. therapy on a client admitted with dehydration. Which antiseptic agents are acceptable, for the nurse to use prior to cannulation, according to the Infusion Nurses Society’s Standards of Practice, to cleanse the client’s skin? (Select all that apply.)

A. 70% isopropyl alcohol

B. Povidone-iodine

C. Chlorhexidine/alcohol

D. Hydrogen peroxide

E. Sterile water

5. A new client, diagnosed with AIDS, is being seen in a hospital clinic. Which characteristics should a nurse anticipate as contributing to the interference of immunological responses? (Select all that apply.)

A. Opportunistic infections

B. Type of medication

C. Severity of infections

D. Secondary disease process

E. Developing antigens

6. A nurse is planning care for a client, newly diagnosed with HIV, addressing the immune system. Which types of immunity should the nurse consider specific to the client’s immune system? (Select all that apply.)

A. Innate

B. Specific

C. Reservoir

D. Intrinsic

E. Colonized

7. A physician writes an order for a nurse to begin administering I.V. fluids to a client diagnosed with hepatitis. While implementing this order, to which occupational risks is the nurse exposed? (Select all that apply.)

A. Latex allergy

B. Chemical exposure

C. Needlestick injuries

D. Back injury

E. Biological exposure

8. A nurse is preparing to administer I.V. chemotherapy for a client diagnosed with cancer. Which strategies should be used to prevent or treat possible infection? (Select all that apply.)

A. Catheter stabilization

B. Aseptic technique

C. Hand hygiene

D. Assess latex allergy

E. Culture blood prior to administration

9. A home-care nurse provides education regarding basic infection control to the parents of a child with latex allergy with a venous access device (VAD). Which concepts should be included in the nurse’s teaching? (Select all that apply.)

A. Hand hygiene

B. Concept of dirty, clean, and sterile

C. Emergency procedures

D. Chemotherapy spill kit information

E. Use of sharps containers

10. When assessing a client receiving chemotherapy, the nurse finds the client has another VAD in the opposite arm. Which components of the central line bundle are most appropriate for the nurse at this time?

A. Removing the line if not being utilized

B. Inserting a femoral site access to avoid clotting

C. Flushing the line of the unused VAD

D. Cleaning of site and surrounding skin to maintain asepsis

E. Washing hands prior to catheter insertion

Chapter 2: Infection Prevention and Occupational Risks

Multiple Choice

Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. During a hospital orientation, a newly hired nurse learns that infection prevention and health-care worker safety follows set standards or guidelines from various organizations. The nurse interprets that the main focus of the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. (APIC) is on:

A. preventing and promoting zero tolerance for health-care associated infections.

B. establishing guidelines for infection control practices.

C. providing a framework for infusion policies and procedures.

D. improving safety and quality through innovation.