Obstacles To Critical Thinking Verified Test Bank Chapter 2

Chapter 2: Obstacles to Critical Thinking

Test Bank

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 01

1. When we decide to accept a claim solely on the grounds that it advances, or coincides with, out interests, we are guilty of…

a. Group-centered thinking

b. Biased thinking

c. Prejudicial thinking

d. Self-centered thinking

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 02

2. The tendency to give more credence to a statement if it comes from a friend is called…

a. Homophily

b. Illusion-of-truth effect

c. Mere exposure effect

d. Dunning-Kruger effect

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 03

3. A guideline that is not likely to help you escape self-interested thinking is…

a. Watch out when things get personal

b. Tell people what they want to hear

c. Be alert to ways that critical thinking can be undermined

d. Ensure that nothing has been left out

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 04

4. Appealing to popularity and stereotyping are both forms of…

a. Group-centered thinking

b. Biased thinking

c. Prejudicial thinking

d. Self-centered thinking

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 05

5. The urge to distort your thinking to save face is…

a. A sign of self-interested thinking

b. Abnormal

c. Useful in deciding an issue

d. The beginning of wisdom

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 06

6. A common flaw in reasoning is the failure to consider evidence or arguments that…

a. Do not support preferred claims or positions

b. Support preferred evidence or arguments

c. Are familiar or predictable

d. We have held previously

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 07

7. Classifying individuals into groups according to oversimplified or prejudiced attitudes or opinions is known as…

a. Appeal to common practice

b. Appeal to tradition

c. Peer pressure

d. Stereotyping

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 08

8. Subjective relativism is the idea that…

a. Truth is relative to societies

b. Truth depends on what someone believes

c. There is a way the world is

d. Some objective truths are about our subjective states

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 09

9. Self-interested thinking can leave you vulnerable to…

a. Well-established claims

b. Self-examination and self-denial

c. Propaganda and manipulation

d. The needs of others

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 10

10. Category 1 obstacles to critical thinking include…

a. Reasons and explanations

b. Beliefs and claims

c. Fears, attitudes, and motivations

d. Friends and relatives

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 11

11. Self-interest alone…

a. Cannot establish the truth of a claim

b. Cannot be controlled

c. Cannot affect our thinking

d. Cannot affect our motivations and desires

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 12

12. You are most likely to let your self-interest get in the way of clear thinking when you…

a. Are indifferent to your circumstances

b. Have a personal stake in the conclusions you reach

c. Have no commitments

d. Try to control your emotions

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 13

13. The sign of a maturing intellect is having the will and the courage to gradually prune beliefs that are…

a. Uncomfortable

b. Groundless

c. Approved of by our group

d. Unnecessary

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 14

14. Common sense shows that. . .

a. Believing something to be true leads to error

b. Believing that something is true does not make it true

c. Your believing that something is true makes it true

d. A belief that a proposition is false is usually correct

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 15

15. According to social relativism, the beliefs of a society…

a. Cannot be true

b. Cannot be false

c. Cannot be mistaken

d. Can be mistaken

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 16

16. Believing a proposition without good reasons is…

a. A sign of strong emotions

b. A recipe for finding inductive truths

c. A recipe for incorrect conclusions

d. Rational

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 17

17. Group pressure generally does not help you to…

a. Proportion your belief to the strength of reasons

b. Proportion your belief to the strength of group influence

c. Reject claims endorsed by groups

d. Accept only claims endorsed by preferred groups

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 18

18. Category 2 obstacles to critical thinking include…

a. Skepticism, emotion, and group thinking

b. Subjective relativism, social relativism, and skepticism

c. Psychological factors

d. Subjective relativism, social relativism, and egoism

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 19

19. The phenomenon of being ignorant of how ignorant we are is known as…

a. Homophily

b. Illusion-of-truth effect

c. Mere exposure effect

d. Dunning-Kruger effect

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 20

20. A set of fundamental ideas that helps us make sense of a wide range of important issues in life is known as a(n)…

a. Prejudice

b. Conceptual scheme

c. Philosophy

d. Worldview

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 01

1. Are you a social relativist? Why or why not?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 02

2. How might a critical thinker counteract the phenomenon of confirmation bias?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 03

3. What is the appeal to popularity and how can it adversely affect critical thinking?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 04

4. Do you accept the idea that it is immoral to believe claims without good evidence? Why or why not?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 05

5. From a critical thinking perspective, what’s wrong with relying only on news sources that reinforce your existing political beliefs?