Nuclear Reactions And Their | Test Questions & Answers Ch.20 - Solution Bank | Chemistry Molecular Nature 8e by Neil D. Jespersen. DOCX document preview.
Chemistry: Molecular Nature of Matter, 8e (Jespersen)
Chapter 20 Nuclear Reactions and Their Role in Chemistry
*Special note: The term 'beta particles' or 'beta-decay' in this bank only refers to electrons. Positrons (sometimes referred to as positive beta particles) are only referred to as positrons.
1) The conversion of mass to energy is measurable only in
A) chemiluminescent transformations.
B) exothermic reactions.
C) explosive chemical reactions.
D) spontaneous processes.
E) nuclear reactions.
Diff: 1
Section: 20.1
2) The conversion of energy to mass is only in
A) chemiluminescent transformations.
B) exothermic reactions.
C) explosive chemical reactions.
D) spontaneous processes.
E) nuclear reactions.
Diff: 1
Section: 20.1
3) If you add energy to an electron, you can get it to move faster. This can be done using electromagnetic fields. If an electron is given energy in the amount of 220,000 eV (an electron volt unit of energy) it can reach speeds of 2.70 × 108 m/s. At this speed what would the mass of an electron be? An electron has a rest mass of 9.109 × 10−28 g.
A) 2.10 × 10−30 g
B) 2.46 × 10−19 g
C) 3.37 × 10−36 g
D) 2.10 × 10−27 g
E) 9.109 × 10−28 g
Diff: 1
Section: 20.1 and 20.3
4) During a nuclear fusion reaction, it is possible to produces neutrons with 14.1 MeV (mega-electron volts). This results in neutrons with a speed approaching 52,000 km/s. At this speed what is the mass of a neutron. The rest mass of a neutron is 1.675 × 10−24 g.
A) 1.68 × 10−24 g
B) 1.70 × 10−24 g
C) 3.22 × 10−32 g
D) 8.71 × 10−20 g
E) 8.71 × 10−17 g
Diff: 2
Section: 20.1
5) A certain chemical reaction results in the release of 4295 kJ of energy. The loss of mass from this type of reaction would be equal to
A) 1.29 × 1012 kg.
B) 1.40 × 10−5 kg.
C) 4.78 × 10−11 kg.
D) 1.40 × 10−2 kg.
E) 4.78 × 10−14 kg.
Diff: 2
Section: 20.1
6) A certain chemical reaction results in the release of 365 kJ of energy. The loss of mass from this type of reaction would be equal to
A) 1.22 × 10−6 kg.
B) 4.06 × 10−12 kg.
C) 1.22 × 10−3 kg.
D) 1.09 × 1011 kg.
E) 4.06 × 10−15 kg.
Diff: 2
Section: 20.1
7) The rest mass of a proton is 1.0072764666 u and that of a neutron is 1.0086649158 u. The 4He nucleus weighs 4.002602 u. Calculate the mass defect of the nucleus in amu.
A) 0.029281 u
B) 1.98666 u
C) 2.6316 u
D) 0.001388 u
E) 0.058562 u
Diff: 1
Section: 20.2
8) The rest mass of a proton is 1.0072764666 u and that of a neutron is 1.0086649158 u. The 4He nucleus weighs 4.002602 u. Calculate the total binding energy of the nucleus.
A) 1.66 × 10−7 joule
B) 2.27 × 10−12 joule
C) 3.86 × 10−11 joule
D) 4.38 × 10−12 joule
E) 4.38 × 10−10 joule
Diff: 1
Section: 20.2
9) Which isotope has the maximum binding energy per nucleon, that is, it lies at the maximum in the binding energy per nucleon curve?
A) 251Cf
B) 197Au
C) 56Fe
D) 1H
E) 4He
Diff: 2
Section: 20.2
10) The rest mass of a proton is 1.0072764666 u and that of a neutron is 1.0086649158 u. The 19F nucleus weighs 18.9984032 u. Calculate the mass defect of the nucleus in amu.
A) 16.9825 u
B) 0.16623 u
C) 0.13985 u
D) 0.15373 u
E) 0.15235 u
Diff: 1
Section: 20.2
11) The rest mass of a proton is 1.0072764666 u and that of a neutron is 1.0086649158 u. The 19F nucleus weighs 18.9984032 u. Calculate the binding energy per nucleon for this nucleus.
A) 1.208 × 10−12 joule/nucleon
B) 2.368 × 10−11 joule/nucleon
C) 4.735 × 10−11 joule/nucleon
D) 6.230 × 10−13 joule/nucleon
E) 8.307 × 10−13 joule/nucleon
Diff: 2
Section: 20.2
12) The rest mass of a proton is 1.0072764666 u and that of a neutron is 1.0086649158 u. The 75As nucleus weighs 74.92160 u. Calculate the mass defect of the nucleus in amu.
A) 0.682450 u
B) 0.078400 u
C) 0.728269 u
D) 0.624135 u
E) 0.669954 u
Diff: 1
Section: 20.2
13) The rest mass of a proton is 1.0072764666 u and that of a neutron is 1.0086649158 u. The 75As nucleus weighs 74.92160 u. Calculate the total binding energy of the nucleus.
A) 1.464 × 10−7 joule
B) 1.019 × 10−9 joule
C) 2.090 × 10−9 joule
D) 6.235 × 10−12 joule
E) 1.255 × 10−7 joule
Diff: 2
Section: 20.2
14) The rest mass of a proton is 1.0072764666 u and that of a neutron is 1.0086649158 u. The 103Rh nucleus weighs 102.90550 u. Calculate the binding energy per nucleon for this nucleus.
A) 2.442 × 10−12 joule/nucleon
B) 1.340 × 10−12 joule /nucleon
C) 2.0239 × 10−9 joule/nucleon
D) 2.442 × 10−9 joule/nucleon
E) 2.0239 × 10−11 joule/nucleon
Diff: 2
Section: 20.2
15) The rest mass of a proton is 1.0072764666 u and that of a neutron is 1.0086649158 u. The 31P nucleus weighs 30.973761 u. Calculate the total binding energy of the nucleus.
A) 2.662 × 10−11 joule
B) 2.801 × 10−12 joule
C) 1.0978 × 10−10 joule
D) 4.090 × 10−11 joule
E) 4.212 × 10−8 joule
Diff: 2
Section: 20.2
16) The rest mass of a proton is 1.0072764666 u and that of a neutron is 1.0086649158 u. The 197Au nucleus weighs 196.96655 u. Calculate the binding energy per nucleon (nuclear particle) for this nucleus.
A) 2.498 × 10−10 joule/nucleon
B) 1.236 × 10−12 joule/nucleon
C) 3.567 × 10−11 joule/nucleon
D) 2.117 × 10−12 joule/nucleon
E) 3.162 × 10−12 joule/nucleon
Diff: 2
Section: 20.2
17) Which of the following best describes the source of energy from nuclear reactions?
A) The energy comes from the breaking of chemical bonds to form different molecules.
B) The energy comes from movements of electrons between orbitals.
C) The energy comes from the fact that nuclides are more stable in a nucleus than as individual atomic particles, thus resulting in lower energy and mass than individual particles.
D) The energy comes from the absorption of gamma radiation produced by neutrinos.
E) There is no energy change in nuclear reactions.
Diff: 1
Section: 20.2
18) What is the mass number of an alpha particle?
A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) 4
Diff: 2
Section: 20.3
19) The nuclear particle that is described by the symbol, 
H, is a(n)
A) alpha particle.
B) electron.
C) neutron.
D) positron.
E) proton.
Diff: 1
Section: 20.3
20) The nuclear particle that is described by the symbol, 
e, is a(n)
A) alpha particle.
B) electron.
C) neutron.
D) positron.
E) proton.
Diff: 1
Section: 20.3
21) The nuclear particle that is described by the symbol, 
He, is a(n)
A) alpha particle.
B) electron.
C) neutron.
D) positron.
E) proton.
Diff: 1
Section: 20.3
22) The nuclear particle that is described by the symbol, 
n, is a(n)
A) alpha particle.
B) electron.
C) neutron.
D) positron.
E) proton.
Diff: 1
Section: 20.3
23) The nuclear radiation having particles with the greatest charge is
A) alpha radiation.
B) beta radiation.
C) gamma radiation.
D) neutrons.
E) X-rays.
Diff: 1
Section: 20.3
24) The nuclear radiation with the least penetrating ability is
A) alpha radiation.
B) beta radiation.
C) gamma radiation.
D) neutrons.
E) X-rays.
Diff: 1
Section: 20.3
25) The nuclear radiation having particles with the greatest mass is
A) alpha radiation.
B) beta radiation.
C) gamma radiation.
D) neutrons.
E) X-rays.
Diff: 1
Section: 20.3
26) Identify the isotope that is the product in the nuclear equation
Ru + 
e →
A) 
Ru
B) 
Ru
C) Tc
D) 
Tc
E) 
Tc
Diff: 1
Section: 20.3
27) Identify the isotope that is the missing product in the nuclear equation
Fe + e
A) 
Fe
B) 
Mn
C) 
Co
D) Fe
E) Fe
Diff: 1
Section: 20.3
28) Identify the missing species in the nuclear equation
Tl → ???? + e
A) 
Tl
B) Pb
C) 
Pb
D) 
Pb
E) 
Pb
Diff: 1
Section: 20.3
29) Identify the missing species in the nuclear equation
Ir + e → ?
A) Os
B) 
Ir
C) Ir
D) 
Os
E) Os
Diff: 1
Section: 20.3
30) Identify the missing species in the nuclear equation
Pb → ? + e
A) 
Tl
B) 
Bi
C) 
Pb
D) 
Pb
E) 
Bi
Diff: 1
Section: 20.3
31) When the nucleus of an isotope captures a beta particle, the atomic number of the nucleus produced
A) is the same as that of the original nuclide.
B) increases by one unit.
C) decreases by one unit.
D) increases by two units.
E) decreases by two units.
Diff: 1
Section: 20.3
32) When the nucleus of an isotope emits a beta particle, the atomic number of the nucleus produced
A) is the same as that of the original nuclide.
B) increases by one unit.
C) decreases by one unit.
D) increases by two units.
E) decreases by two units.
Diff: 1
Section: 20.3
33) When 
Co decays an isotope of iron is formed. What other products are formed?
A) a positron and neutrino
B) a positron only
C) beta rays and gamma rays
D) alpha particles and gamma rays
E) gamma rays only
Diff: 1
Section: 20.3
34) Identify the missing species in the nuclear equation
Cm → ? + α
A) 
Pu
B) 
Pu
C) 
Cf
D) 
Cf
E) 
U
Diff: 1
Section: 20.3
35) Identify the missing species in the nuclear equation
Ra → ? + α
A) 
Rn
B) 
Th
C) 
Th
D) 
Rn
E) 
Ra
Diff: 1
Section: 20.3
36) Identify the missing species in the nuclear equation
Pu → ? + α
A) 
Pu
B) 
Pu
C) 
Pu
D) U
E) 
U
Diff: 1
Section: 20.3
37) Identify the missing species in the nuclear equation
Ne → ? + e
A) 
F
B) Na
C) 
F
D) Ne
E) Ne
Diff: 1
Section: 20.3
38) Identify the missing species in the nuclear equation
Kr → 
Kr + ?
A) 
n
B) e
C) n
D) e
E) p
Diff: 1
Section: 20.3
39) Which nuclear process does not cause a change in the atomic number of the isotope undergoing the process?
A) emission of α-particle
B) emission of β-particle
C) emission of a γ-ray
D) emission of a positron
E) capture of an electron
Diff: 1
Section: 20.3
40) The nuclear reaction depicted below is an example of
Pt → 
Au + ?
A) emission of α-particle.
B) emission of β-particle.
C) emission of a γ-ray.
D) emission of a positron.
E) capture of an electron.
Diff: 1
Section: 20.3
41) The nuclear reaction depicted below is an example of
Tl → 
Hg + ?
A) emission of α-particle.
B) emission of β-particle.
C) emission of a γ-ray.
D) emission of a positron.
E) capture of an electron.
Diff: 1
Section: 20.3
42) Carbon-14 is generated in the atmosphere by the nuclear reaction
N + n → 
C + ?
The missing species is
A) an α-particle.
B) a β-particle.
C) a γ-ray.
D) a positron.
E) a proton.
Diff: 1
Section: 20.3
43) The two steps in the reaction that takes place in breeder reactors are
U + n → X + e
X → Y + e
The missing species are
A) 239Np and 239Am
B) 239Np and 241Pu
C) 239Np and 239Pu
D) 239U and 239Np
E) 237Np and 237Pu
Diff: 1
Section: 20.3
44) The nuclear process, Rn → 
Po could be caused by
A) positron emission from the reactant nucleus.
B) beta-emission from the reactant nucleus.
C) alpha-emission from the reactant nucleus.
D) tritium emission from the reactant nucleus.
E) neutron emission from the reactant nucleus.
Diff: 1
Section: 20.4
45) The nuclear process, Kr → Kr could be caused by
A) electron capture by the reactant nucleus.
B) beta-emission from the reactant nucleus.
C) alpha-emission from the reactant nucleus.
D) proton emission from the reactant nucleus.
E) neutron emission from the reactant nucleus.
Diff: 2
Section: 20.4
46) The nuclear process, 
Li → 
Li could be caused by
A) positron emission from the reactant nucleus.
B) beta-emission from the reactant nucleus.
C) alpha-emission from the reactant nucleus.
D) proton emission from the reactant nucleus.
E) neutron emission from the reactant nucleus.
Diff: 2
Section: 20.4
47) The nuclear process, 
S → 
Cl could be caused by
A) electron capture by the reactant nucleus.
B) beta-emission from the reactant nucleus.
C) alpha-emission from the reactant nucleus.
D) proton emission from the reactant nucleus.
E) neutron emission from the reactant nucleus.
Diff: 2
Section: 20.4
48) The nuclear process, 
Si → 
P could be caused by
A) positron emission from the reactant nucleus.
B) beta-emission from the reactant nucleus.
C) alpha-emission from the reactant nucleus.
D) proton emission from the reactant nucleus.
E) neutron emission from the reactant nucleus.
Diff: 2
Section: 20.4
49) The nuclear process, 
Be → 
Li could be caused by
A) electron capture by the reactant nucleus.
B) beta-emission from the reactant nucleus.
C) alpha-emission from the reactant nucleus.
D) proton emission from the reactant nucleus.
E) neutron emission from the reactant nucleus.
Diff: 2
Section: 20.4
50) The nuclear process, 
C → 
B could be caused by
A) positron emission from the reactant nucleus.
B) beta-emission from the reactant nucleus.
C) alpha-emission from the reactant nucleus.
D) proton emission from the reactant nucleus.
E) neutron emission from the reactant nucleus.
Diff: 2
Section: 20.4
51) The nuclear process, 
O → 
N could be caused by
A) positron emission from the reactant nucleus.
B) beta-emission from the reactant nucleus.
C) alpha-emission from the reactant nucleus.
D) proton emission from the reactant nucleus.
E) neutron emission from the reactant nucleus.
Diff: 2
Section: 20.4
52) The nuclear process, 
Mg → 
Na could be caused by
A) electron capture by the reactant nucleus.
B) beta-emission from the reactant nucleus.
C) alpha-emission from the reactant nucleus.
D) proton emission from the reactant nucleus.
E) neutron emission from the reactant nucleus.
Diff: 2
Section: 20.4
53) The nuclear process in which aluminum-27 is transmutated into magnesium-24 could be caused by
A) electron capture by the reactant nucleus.
B) beta-emission from the reactant nucleus.
C) alpha-emission from the reactant nucleus.
D) tritium emission from the reactant nucleus.
E) neutron emission from the reactant nucleus.
Diff: 2
Section: 20.4
54) The nuclear process in which polonium-214 is transmutated into lead-210 could be caused by
A) electron capture by the reactant nucleus.
B) beta-emission from the reactant nucleus.
C) alpha-emission from the reactant nucleus.
D) proton emission from the reactant nucleus.
E) neutron emission from the reactant nucleus.
Diff: 2
Section: 20.5
55) When radium-226 is transmutated by a nuclear decay to radon-222, the process involved is
A) emission of α-particle.
B) emission of β-particle.
C) emission of a γ-ray.
D) emission of a positron.
E) capture of an electron.
Diff: 2
Section: 20.5
56) One becquerel equals
A) one disintegration per second.
B) 3.7 × 1010 disintegrations per second.
C) a mole of disintegrations per second.
D) 100 rads.
E) one rem.
Diff: 1
Section: 20.6
57) The intensity of X-rays, gamma rays, or any other radiation is
A) directly proportional to the distance from the source.
B) directly proportional to the square of the distance from the source.
C) inversely proportional to the distance from the source.
D) inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source.
E) inversely proportional to the cube of the distance from the source.
Diff: 1
Section: 20.6
58) If the halflife of a radioactive element is 30.0 years, how long will it take for a sample to decay to the point where its activity is 70.0% of the original value?
A) 5.0 years
B) 12.2 years
C) 15.4 years
D) 30.8 years
E) 86.1 years
Diff: 1
Section: 20.6
59) Which unit measures the rate of radioactive decay?
A) the curie
B) the rad
C) the gray
D) the sievert
E) the rem
Diff: 1
Section: 20.6
60) Which unit of radiation dose considers the biological effects of the particular kind of radiation absorbed?
A) the curie
B) the becquerel
C) the rem
D) the rad
E) the gray
Diff: 1
Section: 20.6
61) Rhenium186 is a β-emitter with a half-life of 90.0 hours. How long would it take for the activity in a sample of this isotope to decay to exactly one-third of its original value?
A) 121 hours
B) 143 hours
C) 158 hours
D) 180 hours
E) 189 hours
Diff: 2
Section: 20.6
62) Ytterbium-175 is a β-emitter with a half-life of 101 hours. How long would it take for the activity in a sample of this isotope to decay to exactly one-fifth of its original value?
A) 215 hours
B) 225 hours
C) 235 hours
D) 250 hours
E) 275 hours
-
Diff: 2
Section: 20.6
63) The specific activity of a carbon sample from the bones of a mummy in a secret tomb recently discovered in Egypt is found to be 60.0% of that of living plants. Calculate the age of the artifact. (
C : t½ = 5730 years)
A) 3440 years
B) 2870 years
C) 4220 years
D) 2110 years
E) 8440 years
Diff: 2
Section: 20.6
64) Which one of the following is not a device for determining radiation?
A) Geiger counter
B) ionometer
C) scintillation counter
D) film dosimeter
Diff: 2
Section: 20.6
65) The carbon-14 dating method can be used to determine the age of
A) carbonate rocks.
B) silicate rocks.
C) ancient bones.
D) bronze beakers.
E) Roman coins.
Diff: 2
Section: 20.7
66) The carbon-14 dating method cannot be used to determine the age of
A) wooden remains of an historic house.
B) the cork in a very old bottle of wine.
C) ancient bones.
D) a canvas used in a historic painting.
E) Roman coins.
Diff: 2
Section: 20.7
67) The following are all applications of radioactivity except one. Which one?
A) tracer analysis
B) neutron activation
C) carbon-14 dating
D) potassium-14 dating
E) electron impact activation
Diff: 1
Section: 20.7
68) How many nucleons (protons and neutrons) are in the most common isotope of uranium?
A) 234
B) 235
C) 236
D) 238
E) 239
Diff: 1
Section: 20.8
69) How many total nucleons are there in the natural fissile isotope of uranium?
A) 234
B) 235
C) 236
D) 238
E) 239
Diff: 1
Section: 20.8
70) Fission reactors are restrained from going supercritical through
A) use of liquid metal coolants.
B) use of organic coolant.
C) use of control rods that absorb neutrons.
D) use of liquid nitrogen to maintain correct reaction rate.
E) proper reactor design.
Diff: 1
Section: 20.8
71) Many nuclear reactions emit more neutrons than what is used to initiate the reaction leading to what is called a
A) fissile isotope.
B) transmutation reaction.
C) critical mass.
D) nuclear chain reaction.
E) tracer element.
Diff: 1
Section: 20.8
72) Reactor "meltdowns" like the one at Chernobyl in the Ukraine were caused by
A) supercritical masses of fissile nuclides accumulating near the bottom of the reactor.
B) failure of the cooling system that distributes the heat generated in the reactor core.
C) decomposition of heavy water coolant D2O into H2O and neutrons that have very large thermal energies.
D) slow accumulation of critical masses of impurities at particular sites in the fuel rods, caused by improper design.
E) inhomogeneities in the containment magnetic fields caused by small temperature fluctuations in the field winding coils.
Diff: 1
Section: 20.8
73) A certain chemical reaction results in the release of 9287 kJ of energy. The loss of mass from this type of reaction would be ________ kg.
Diff: 2
Section: 20.1
74) The average energy holding the nucleons in the nucleus together is called the ________.
Diff: 1
Section: 20.2
75) The formation of multiple nuclei of smaller mass from a high mass nuclei is best classified as
a ________ reaction.
Diff: 1
Section: 20.2
76) The isotope 
S has ________ neutrons and protons. (nucleons)
Diff: 1
Section: 20.2
77) The isotope 
Br has ________ neutrons and protons. (nucleons)
Diff: 1
Section: 20.2
78) The energy that an electron receives when accelerated through a potential difference of one volt is one ________.
Diff: 1
Section: 20.2
79) The rest mass of a proton is 1.0072764666 u and that of a neutron is 1.0086649158 u. The 127I nucleus weighs 126.904477 u. Calculate the mass defect of the nucleus in amu.
Diff: 1
Section: 20.2
80) The rest mass of a proton is 1.0072764666 u and that of a neutron is 1.0086649158 u. The 127I nucleus weighs 126.904477 u. Calculate the binding energy per nucleon for this nucleus.
Diff: 2
Section: 20.2
81) The rest mass of a proton is 1.0072764666 u and that of a neutron is 1.0086649158 u. The 37Cl nucleus weighs 36.965903 u. The mass defect of the nucleus is ________ u.
Diff: 1
Section: 20.2
82) The rest mass of a proton is 1.0072764666 u and that of a neutron is 1.0086649158 u. The 37Cl nucleus weighs 36.965903 u. The total binding energy for this nucleus is ________ J.
Diff: 2
Section: 20.2
83) Write the nuclear equation for the alpha-decay of uranium-238.
U → He + 
Th
Diff: 1
Section: 20.3
84) Write the nuclear equation for the beta-decay of carbon-14.
C → e + N
Diff: 1
Section: 20.3
85) Write the nuclear equation for the gamma decay of potassium-40.
K → 
γ + K
Diff: 1
Section: 20.3
86) Write the nuclear equation for the decay of fluorine-17. Fluorine-17 emits a positron and a neutrino.
F → 
O + e + υ
Diff: 1
Section: 20.3
87) When 
Na decays, an isotope of magnesium, 
Mg, is formed. What other products are formed?
Diff: 1
Section: 20.3
88) When a positron reacts with a beta particle what is formed?
Diff: 2
Section: 20.3
89) The force effective only at very short distances that holds the nucleons in the nucleus together is called the ________.
Diff: 1
Section: 20.3
90) The last step in the series of reactions by which radium-226 is transmutated into lead-206 by nuclear decay involves the emission of an α-particle. What is the nuclear symbol for the isotope that reacts in this last step?
Po
Diff: 1
Section: 20.3
91) The change of one isotope into another is called ________.
Diff: 2
Section: 20.5
92) A nucleus that is formed when a bombarding particle is captured by a target nucleus is called a ________.
Diff: 1
Section: 20.5
93) The nucleus of a deuterium atom is called a ________.
Diff: 1
Section: 20.5
94) A ________ measures nuclear radiation by detecting ions formed when the radiation interacts with gas molecules.
Diff: 1
Section: 20.5
95) Write the nuclear equation for the formation of the compound nucleus 
F* by alpha particle capture.
Diff: 1
Section: 20.5
96) The reaction below is best classified as an example of
Am → 
I +
Mo + 3n
Hint: Remember that there is a difference between elements and nuclear particles.
Diff: 1
Section: 20.5
97) Write the nuclear equation for the formation of the compound nucleus 
Al* by positron capture.
e + 
Mg → Al*
Diff: 2
Section: 20.5
98) A ________ measures radiation by way of flashes of light that are emitted when the radiation strikes the phosphor in a probe.
Diff: 1
Section: 20.6
99) A common unit based only on the energy of a radiation dose is ________.
Diff: 1
Section: 20.6
100) When passing through matter, alpha particles lose energy chiefly by causing ________.
Diff: 1
Section: 20.6
101) The formula of the pertechnetate ion, a species widely used in nuclear medicine to locate brain tumor location through trace analysis, is ________.
Diff: 2
Section: 20.7
102) In neutron activation analysis, isotopes emit ________ at unique frequencies after they capture neutrons that are fired at them.
Diff: 2
Section: 20.7
103) The energy released by the sun is mainly the result of nuclear ________.
Diff: 2
Section: 20.8
104) The mass of an object in motion is always greater than the mass of the same object at rest.
Diff: 1
Section: 20.1
105) The mass of a nucleus is exactly equal to the total mass of all the protons and neutrons that are in that nucleus, taken separately.
Diff: 1
Section: 20.2
106) Tritium is an isotope of hydrogen that is radioactive.
Diff: 1
Section: 20.3
107) The emission of a positron from a nucleus produces the same effect as replacement of a proton by a neutron.
Diff: 1
Section: 20.3
108) When high energy radiation passes through gaseous matter, the gas molecules undergo ionization.
Diff: 1
Section: 20.6
109) Nuclear fission is a process by which very light nuclei join to form a heavier nuclei.
Diff: 1
Section: 20.6
110) Fission reactions used for generation of electrical energy employ capsules containing supercritical masses of fissile nuclear material.
Diff: 1
Section: 20.8
111) The waste from nuclear power plants is less reactive in comparison to the original radioactive fuel used by the plants.
Diff: 1
Section: 20.8
112) Nuclear power plants use much a much lower masses of fuel and produce a much smaller volume of waste than current coal power plant that produce equal amounts of energy.
Diff: 1
Section: 20.8
113) The only stable isotope of fluorine is F. What type of radioactivity would you expect from the unstable isotope F in order to form a more stable product?
Hint: the goal is not to form fluorine-19
Diff: 2
Section: 20.4
114) The only stable isotope of iodine is iodine-127. Predict the mode of decay of 
I.
Hint: the goal is not to form iodine-127
Diff: 2
Section: 20.4
115) Radium-226, which undergoes a first order nuclear decay process to yield 222Rn, has a half-life of 1620 years. A 24.45 milligram sample of 226Ra was placed in a time capsule on January 1, 1932 with instructions to open the capsule and weigh it again on July 1, 2276. How many milligrams of the radium should be in the capsule at that time?
A) 21.85 milligrams
B) 21.10 milligrams
C) 19.25 milligrams
D) 20.14 milligrams
E) 21.65 milligrams
Diff: 2
Section: 20.7
116) Why are samples of uranium found in nature not at risk of triggering a nuclear explosion?
Diff: 1
Section: 20.8
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