Nonparametric Tests Test Bank Answers Chapter 15 - Statistics in Context 1e | Final Test Bank Blatchley by Barbara Blatchley. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 15
Test Bank
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 15 Question 01
1. True or False: non-parametric and parametric tests make different assumptions about data
Feedback: Page reference: E, p3, 4
a) True
b) False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 15 Question 02
2. True or False: Non-parametric tests assume that the data are on a nominal scale
Feedback: Page reference: E, p3, 4
a) True
b) False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 15 Question 03
3. True or false: Nonparametric tests are still inferential tests.
Feedback: Page reference: E, p7
a) True
b) False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 15 Question 04
4. True or False: All measurement scales can be manipulated with mathematical operations like addition and division
Feedback: Page reference: E, p26
a) True
b) False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 15 Question 05
5. True or False: Statistics can be manipulated for the author’s benefit, so sometimes we must be careful how must we trust them.
Feedback: Page reference: H, p26
a) True
b) False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 15 Question 06
6. True or False: Nonparametric tests do not necessarily test differences between means .
Feedback: Page reference: E, p26
a) True
b) False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 15 Question 07
7. True or false: skewed data is measured on a scale where 0 indicates very little to skew.
Feedback: Page reference: E, p23
a) True
b) False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 15 Question 08
8. True or False: The Mann-Whitney U-test is the nonparametric equivalent of a dependent samples t-test.
Feedback: Page reference: p12
a) True
b) False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 15 Question 09
9. True or False: The null hypothesis for a Mann-Whitney U-test states that the distributions of ranked data for both groups are different.
Feedback: Page reference: p12
a) True
b) False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 15 Question 10
10. True or False: The Mann-Whitney U test is a nonparametric method that compares means between two groups
Feedback: Page reference: p12
a) True
b) False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 15 Question 11
11. True or False: When conducting a Mann-Whitney U-test, if your calculated U-value is smaller than that of the critical value, than the test is considered statistically significant.
Feedback: Page reference: p12
a) True
b) False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 15 Question 12
12. True or False: The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank is the nonparametric equivalent of an independent samples t-test.
Feedback: Page reference: E, p16
a) True
b) False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 15 Question 13
13. True or False: The degrees of freedom in a Wilcoxon Signed-Rank is based on the number of matched pairs as opposed to the number of individual data points.
Feedback: Page reference: E, p16
a) True
b) False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 15 Question 14
14. The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test produces a t value. If the observed t –value is greater than the critical value, then the results are deemed to be statistically significant.
a) True
b) False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 15 Question 15
15. True or False: The Wilcoxon signed-rank test should be used in place of its parametric equivalent when the data is non-normal or on an ordinal scale
Feedback: Page reference: E, p21
a) True
b) False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 15 Question 16
16. True or False: One method of dealing with skewed data is to use its rank order instead of actual values.
Feedback: Page reference: E, p21, 22
a) True
b) False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 15 Question 17
17. True or False: There are three types of skewed data: positive, negative, and one-dimensional
Feedback: Page reference: E, p24
a) True
b) False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 15 Question 18
18. True or False: If the data are skewed, one should try use a parametric test instead of resorting to nonparametric tests.
Feedback: Page reference: E, p21, 22, 23, 24
a) True
b) False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 15 Question 19
19. True or false: Nonparametric tests do not produce a significance level. Instead, they generate effect sizes.
Feedback: Page reference: p7
a) True
b) False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 15 Question 20
20. True or False: Ranked data is best described to be on an ordinal scale.
Feedback: Page reference: p7
a) True
b) False
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 15 Question 01
1. Generally speaking, if a nonparametric test is used on rank data, the dataset is on a ___________ scale.
Feedback: Page reference: E, p7
a. ratio.
b. nominal.
c. interval.
d. ordinal.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 15 Question 02
2. Why is it the case that skewed data poses a problem for parametric tests?
Feedback: Page reference: p21
a. There mean is larger than the median.
b. The assumption of normality is violated.
c. The data does not represent the population.
d. The assumption of independence is violated.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 15 Question 03
3. Which of the following is not an assumption of parametric tests?
Feedback: Page reference: E, p4
a. Observations are independent
b. The data are either on an interval or ratio scale
c. Central limit theorem holds
d. The data are skewed positive.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 15 Question 04
4. Which of the following characteristics would lead you to choose a non-parametric test over a parametric test?
Feedback: Page reference: H, p3, 4
a. Skewed data
b. Having data that is not normally distributed
c. Data that are ranked
d. All of the above
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 15 Question 05
5. Why might a spearman correlation be appropriate for a given dataset?
Feedback: Page reference: p9
a. The data are on a ratio scale
b. The sample size is too large
c. The sample is skewed with a small sample size
d. The data are on a nominal scale
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 15 Question 06
6. The Perception of Competitiveness Scale (PCS) developed by Carter and Weissbrod (2011) is a likert scale. If you assume that the scale is ordinal and are examining its relation to age or some other ranked data, you should…
Feedback: Page reference: p9
a. use a Spearman correlation
b. use a Mann Whitney U test
c. use a Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test
d. use a Pearson correlation
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 15 Question 07
7. In a spearman correlation, how do you determine the strength of the correlation coefficient?
Feedback: Page reference: p9, 10
a. Negative correlations are weaker than positive correlations
b. Correlations are weaker as they approach 0.
c. The strength of the correlation depends on the sample size. Smaller samples tend to be stronger
d. Correlations become stronger as they approach 0.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 15 Question 08
8. The Mann-Whitney U test makes assumptions about which of the following?
Feedback: Page reference: p4, 12
a. The data are quantitative
b. The data are normally distributed and generalize to the population
c. Observations are independent
d. Equal variances in both groups
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 15 Question 09
9. In which of the following situations should a Wilcoxon signed-rank test be used?
Feedback: Page reference: H, p21, 22
a. When matched data is normally distributed and ranked
b. When observations are non-independent and the data are skewed
c. When you wanted to use an independent samples t-test but the data ends up being heavily skewed.
d. When the sample size is very large and on a ratio scale.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 15 Question 10
10. Why is it a problem if data are skewed when considering parametric tests?
Feedback: Page reference: p21
a. The assumption of independence is violated
b. The data is qualitative
c. The assumption of normality is violated.
d. There is no method to calculate estimates of population parameters
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 15 Question 11
11. After conducting a Mann-Whitney U test, how do you determine statistical significance?
Feedback: Page reference: p12, 13
a. If the U-statistic is smaller than the critical value, the result is non-significant.
b. If your calculated U-value is smaller the critical value, than the result is statistically significant.
c. If the U-value is smaller than median rank, the result is statistically significant
d. If the U-value is greater than the median rank, the result is statistically significant.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 15 Question 12
12. How is a Mann-Whitney U test and a Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test different?
Feedback: Page reference: p12, 13, 16, 17
a. the Mann Whitney U test is used on matched data and the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test is not.
b. The Mann-Whitney U test is a parametric procedure, and the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test is a nonparametric procedure.
c. The Mann-Whitney U test is used on 3 or more groups, and the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test is used to test for relationships
d. The Mann-Whitney U test is used for two independent groups and the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test is used for paired or matched data.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 15 Question 13
13. If you have 12 pairs of participants what is your critical value for a two-tailed Wilcoxon Signed-rank test at α = .01?
Feedback: Page reference: p16, 17
a. 7
b. 3
c. 5
d. 9
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 15 Question 14
14. A researcher has 16 matched pairs for a Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test. For this two-tailed Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test to be significant at α = .05, the test statistic must be…
Feedback: Page reference: p16, 17
a. greater than 30
b. less than 30
c. greater than 25
d. less than 25
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 15 Question 15
15. A researcher has two independent groups with ranked data with 20 participants in each group. When using a Mann-Whitney U test (assume assuming α = 0.05), the researcher has data that is statistically significant if…
Feedback: Page reference: p13, 14, 15
a. the U statistic is less than 127
b. the U statistic is greater than 127
c. the U statistic is less than 113
d. The U statistic is greater than 113
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 15 Question 16
16. Consider the following dataset on standardized test scores: 134, 145, 142, 145, 146, 152, 155, 155, 159. There are _______ ties and the score 152 is in the _____ rank.
a. 2; 6
b. 3; 6
c. 2; 5.5
d. 3; 5.5
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 15 Question 17
17. A researcher conducted a correlational study. He studied the relationship between individuals’ perceptions of their own bodies on a rating scale (higher scores meant most positive self-perception) and their perception of the college (higher scores meant more positive perception of the college). He found a spearman correlation of -.68 and the result is statistically significant. What does this mean?
Feedback: Page reference: p9
a. Body image and college ratings are positively correlated: those who have better self-perception of their body had worse perceptions of the college.
b. Body image and college ratings are positively correlated: those who have better self-perception of their body had better perceptions of the college
c. Body image and college ratings are negatively correlated: as self-perception of one’s body got higher, perception of the college got lower.
d. Body image and college ratings are negatively correlated: as self-perception of one’s body got higher, perception of the college got higher.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 15 Question 18
18. Consider the following data: 6, 8, 10, 10, 10, 11, 12, 15, 18, 18, 19, 20, 24, 25. The data in rank 4 is ___ and rank 11 is ____.
Feedback: Page reference: p8
a. 10; 19
b. 12; 19
c. 10; 20
d. 12; 20
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 15 Question 19
19. If you have quantitative data that is skewed, which of the following can be used to “unskew” it?
Feedback: Page reference: p21
a. rank the data
b. use the mode
c. use the median
d. convert it to a ratio or interval scale.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 15 Question 20
20. If using a two-tailed spearman correlation with 10 pairs and an alpha level of .05, what is the critical value?
Feedback: Page reference: p9, 10
a. .745
b. .700
c. .564
d. .648
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 15 Question 21
21. A statistical method to measure hidden or latent variables from observed data is…
Feedback: Page reference: p5, 6
a. spearman correlation
b. factor analysis
c. eugenics
d. Wilcoxon sign-ranked test
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 15 Question 22
22. Supporters of eugenics would likely agree that…
Feedback: Page reference: p5, 6
a. intelligence is developed via environmental influences
b. intelligence is inherited
c. intelligence cannot be measured objectively
d. None of the above.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 15 Question 23
23. With regards to skewed distributions, which best describes them?
Feedback: Page reference: p21, 22
a. There are two types of skewed distribution, and if a dataset is heavily skewed enough, parametric tests are not suitable for it.
b. There are two types of skewed distributions, and skewed data can be on interval, ratio, or ordinal scales
c. Skewed data are ranked or qualitative, making it unsuitable for parametric analyses
d. Skewed data do not pose issues for parametric tests, but are not suitable for nonparametric tests.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 15 Question 24
24. When using nonparametric analyses, you are generally dealing with __________ instead of ___________ and __________.
Feedback: Page reference: p4, 5
a. rank; means; standard deviations
b. rank; medians; interquartile range
c. means; rank; range
d. rank; means; sample size
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 15 Question 25
25. Data on an ordinal scale are generally analyzed by…
Feedback: Page reference: p4, 5
a. nonparametric analyses
b. parametric analyses
c. either parametric or nonparametric analyses
d. there is insufficient information about the data.
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 15 Question 01
1. The data below that records the number of inches of snowfall in different parts of the country
Score |
22 |
24 |
26 |
47 |
52 |
36 |
44 |
26 |
35 |
59 |
21 |
Rank the data.
Score | Rank |
21 | 1 |
22 | 2 |
24 | 3 |
26 | 4.5 |
26 | 4.5 |
35 | 6 |
36 | 7 |
44 | 8 |
52 | 9 |
57 | 10 |
59 | 11 |
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 15 Question 02
2. The data below that records the number of inches of snowfall in different parts of the country
Score |
22 |
24 |
26 |
47 |
52 |
36 |
44 |
26 |
35 |
59 |
21 |
What is the 7th rank?
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 15 Question 03
3. The data below that records the number of inches of snowfall in different parts of the country
Score |
22 |
24 |
26 |
47 |
52 |
36 |
44 |
26 |
35 |
59 |
21 |
Are there any ties? If so, at which rank?
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 15 Question 04
4. A researcher hypothesizes that individuals’ interest in politics is related to the amount of television they watch. He asks participants to rate on a scale from 1 (not interested at all) to 10 (extremely interested) the extent to which they are interested in politics, and also asks for the amount of television they watch. Below are the data
Interest | TV |
6 | 45 |
5 | 79 |
7 | 110 |
7 | 75 |
9 | 163 |
3 | 60 |
4 | 85 |
1 | 64 |
7 | 80 |
2 | 30 |
8 | 40 |
9 | 70 |
5 | 120 |
3 | 90 |
If calculating a spearman correlation, what is the null hypothesis?
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 15 Question 05
5. A researcher hypothesizes that individuals’ interest in politics is related to the amount of television they watch. He asks participants to rate on a scale from 1 (not interested at all) to 10 (extremely interested) the extent to which they are interested in politics, and also asks for the amount of television they watch. Below are the data
Interest | TV |
6 | 45 |
5 | 79 |
7 | 110 |
7 | 75 |
9 | 163 |
3 | 60 |
4 | 85 |
1 | 64 |
7 | 80 |
2 | 30 |
8 | 40 |
9 | 70 |
5 | 120 |
3 | 90 |
What is the critical value, assuming a two-tailed test and alpha of .05?
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 15 Question 06
6. A researcher hypothesizes that individuals’ interest in politics is related to the amount of television they watch. He asks participants to rate on a scale from 1 (not interested at all) to 10 (extremely interested) the extent to which they are interested in politics, and also asks for the amount of television they watch. Below are the data
Interest | TV |
6 | 45 |
5 | 79 |
7 | 110 |
7 | 75 |
9 | 163 |
3 | 60 |
4 | 85 |
1 | 64 |
7 | 80 |
2 | 30 |
8 | 40 |
9 | 70 |
5 | 120 |
3 | 90 |
What is the observed correlation?
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 15 Question 07
7. A researcher hypothesizes that individuals’ interest in politics is related to the amount of television they watch. He asks participants to rate on a scale from 1 (not interested at all) to 10 (extremely interested) the extent to which they are interested in politics, and also asks for the amount of television they watch. Below are the data
Interest | TV |
6 | 45 |
5 | 79 |
7 | 110 |
7 | 75 |
9 | 163 |
3 | 60 |
4 | 85 |
1 | 64 |
7 | 80 |
2 | 30 |
8 | 40 |
9 | 70 |
5 | 120 |
3 | 90 |
What is the conclusion?
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 15 Question 08
8. Do men and women differ in the way they rate the cuteness of babies? In a study, a team of researchers examined whether gender differences existed in ratings for infants. The data below show average ratings by male and female participants for infant pictures. The team used a Mann-Whitney U test to compare the two groups. Higher scores indicate that the participant thought the image represented a cuter baby.
Men | Women |
7.5 | 8.5 |
6.4 | 6.6 |
3.7 | 7.5 |
8.9 | 6.9 |
4.5 | 7.3 |
6.7 | 4.6 |
5.3 | 7.7 |
5.7 | 8.8 |
6.8 | 9.4 |
7.0 | 9.7 |
What is the critical value, if you assume alpha = .05 and a two-tailed test?
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 15 Question 09
9. Do men and women differ in the way they rate the cuteness of babies? In a study, a team of researchers examined whether gender differences existed in ratings for infants. The data below show average ratings by male and female participants for infant pictures. The team used a Mann-Whitney U test to compare the two groups. Higher scores indicate that the participant thought the image represented a cuter baby.
Men | Women |
7.5 | 8.5 |
6.4 | 6.6 |
3.7 | 7.5 |
8.9 | 6.9 |
4.5 | 7.3 |
6.7 | 4.6 |
5.3 | 7.7 |
5.7 | 8.8 |
6.8 | 9.4 |
7.0 | 9.7 |
Calculate the Mann-Whitney U-test U-value and determine the smaller of the two values.
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 15 Question 10
10. Do men and women differ in the way they rate the cuteness of babies? In a study, a team of researchers examined whether gender differences existed in ratings for infants. The data below show average ratings by male and female participants for infant pictures. The team used a Mann-Whitney U test to compare the two groups. Higher scores indicate that the participant thought the image represented a cuter baby.
Men | Women |
7.5 | 8.5 |
6.4 | 6.6 |
3.7 | 7.5 |
8.9 | 6.9 |
4.5 | 7.3 |
6.7 | 4.6 |
5.3 | 7.7 |
5.7 | 8.8 |
6.8 | 9.4 |
7.0 | 9.7 |
Is the difference significant if the test were two-tailed?
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 15 Question 11
11. In 2017, Nintendo (a Japanese video game company) released a new console called the Nintendo Switch. Nintendo was interested to see how existing customers with their previous generation console (i.e., the Wii U) rate the new product. Below are data of individuals who rated the first console and now rated the Nintendo Switch. Nintendo decided that given the small sample and ranked data, they would use a Wilcoxon Ranked-Sign test.
Wii U | Switch |
7 | 8 |
5 | 9 |
6 | 7 |
4 | 2 |
8 | 6 |
9 | 10 |
2 | 9 |
4 | 8 |
7 | 9 |
7 | 8 |
What is the critical value for this test, assuming two tails and α = .05?
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 15 Question 12
12. In 2017, Nintendo (a Japanese video game company) released a new console called the Nintendo Switch. Nintendo was interested to see how existing customers with their previous generation console (i.e., the Wii U) rate the new product. Below are data of individuals who rated the first console and now rated the Nintendo Switch. Nintendo decided that given the small sample and ranked data, they would use a Wilcoxon Ranked-Sign test.
Wii U | Switch |
7 | 8 |
5 | 9 |
6 | 7 |
4 | 2 |
8 | 6 |
9 | 10 |
2 | 9 |
4 | 8 |
7 | 9 |
7 | 8 |
What is the test statistic after calculating the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test?
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 15 Question 13
13. In 2017, Nintendo (a Japanese video game company) released a new console called the Nintendo Switch. Nintendo was interested to see how existing customers with their previous generation console (i.e., the Wii U) rate the new product. Below are data of individuals who rated the first console and now rated the Nintendo Switch. Nintendo decided that given the small sample and ranked data, they would use a Wilcoxon Ranked-Sign test.
Wii U | Switch |
7 | 8 |
5 | 9 |
6 | 7 |
4 | 2 |
8 | 6 |
9 | 10 |
2 | 9 |
4 | 8 |
7 | 9 |
7 | 8 |
What is the conclusion?
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 15 Question 14
14. Explain why non-parametric tests are important. Be sure to discuss when they are used, and any important controversies that might influence their use.
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Statistics in Context 1e | Final Test Bank Blatchley
By Barbara Blatchley