Correlation And Regression: Are We Related? Ch13 Test Bank - Statistics in Context 1e | Final Test Bank Blatchley by Barbara Blatchley. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 13
Test Bank
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 13 Question 01
1. True or False: Positive correlations are also described as indirect, whereas negative correlations are also described as direct.
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a) True
b) False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 13 Question 02
2. True or False: in a positive correlation, as the value of X increases, the value of Y also increases
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a) True
b) False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 13 Question 03
3. True or False: The strength of a correlation depends on whether it’s positive or negative
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a) True
b) False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 13 Question 04
4. A correlation of .78 is stronger than a correlation of -.92.
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a) True
b) False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 13 Question 05
5. True or False: When testing a correlation, the null hypothesis states that there is no correlation
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a) True
b) False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 13 Question 06
6. True or False: A least squares regression line minimizes the distance from each datum in the dataset to it.
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a) True
b) False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 13 Question 07
7. True or False: In a regression equation, if b is positive, then the correlation between the predictor and outcome must be negatively correlated.
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a) True
b) False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 13 Question 08
8. True or False: In a regression equation, a stronger equation between the two variables would lead to more horizontal regression line.
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a) True
b) False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 13 Question 09
9. True or False: In a regression equation, if a is negative, then the correlation between the predictor and outcome must be negatively correlated.
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a) True
b) False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 13 Question 10
10. True or False: The coefficient of determination is used to explain the proportion of variance shared between two variables
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a) True
b) False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 13 Question 11
11. A strong negative correlation will lead to a large positive coefficient of determination
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a) True
b) False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 13 Question 12
12. True or false: Smaller coefficients of determination means that the two variables have a weaker relationship
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a) True
b) False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 13 Question 13
13. A correlation of .04 and -.04 will have the same coefficient of determination.
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a) True
b) False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 13 Question 14
14. True or False: Correlation might not mean causation, but if data is analyzed by an ANOVA or t-test, a significant result is a causal relationship.
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a) True
b) False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 13 Question 15
15. Correlations measures dependence between two variables
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a) True
b) False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 13 Question 16
16. If a correlation between two variables is -.2, the coefficient of determination is -.04
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a) True
b) False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 13 Question 17
17. When testing a correlation between 2 variables with 20 pairs of data, the degrees of freedom is 19
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a) True
b) False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 13 Question 18
18. In regression, the y-variable is often the predicted variable. The x-variable is used to predict the y-variable.
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a) True
b) False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 13 Question 19
19. The regression coefficient is negatively correlated with the correlation coefficient of the same two variables
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a) True
b) False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 13 Question 20
20. The Pearson correlation can be applied to linear relationships as well as curvilinear relationships
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a) True
b) False
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 13 Question 01
1. A correlation coefficient is bounded between which two values?
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a. 0.00 and 1.00
b. -1.00 and 1.00
c. There are no numeric boundaries. Correlations can go from weak to strong.
d. -100 and 100
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 13 Question 02
2. The correlation coefficient is a statistic that measures the degree of _________________ between two variables.
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a. cause
b. association
c. validity
d. variability
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 13 Question 03
3. Which of the following is the strongest correlation?
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a. -.77
b. .08
c. .36
d. .72
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 13 Question 04
4. Which of the following indicates the weakest correlation?
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a. 0.11
b. -.28
c. -.97
d. .50
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 13 Question 05
5. A researcher is examining whether the amount of time newborns can sleep without being disturbed is related to parental stress. The researcher asked 30 parents to report the longest amount of time in number of minutes their newborn child has been able to sleep without waking up. Then the parents were asked to rate their stress levels.
How many degrees of freedom are there for this correlation?
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a. 30
b. 29
c. 27
d. 28
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 13 Question 06
6. A researcher is examining whether the amount of time newborns can sleep without being disturbed is related to parental stress. The researcher asked 30 parents to report the longest amount of time in number of minutes their newborn child has been able to sleep without waking up. Then the parents were asked to rate their stress levels.
What is the critical value assuming α = .05?
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a. .367
b. .361
c. .463
d. .471
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 13 Question 07
7. A researcher is examining whether the amount of time newborns can sleep without being disturbed is related to parental stress. The researcher asked 30 parents to report the longest amount of time in number of minutes their newborn child has been able to sleep without waking up. Then the parents were asked to rate their stress levels.
The researcher find a correlation of -.56. What does this mean?
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a. the result is significant. The data suggest that parents who are more stressed have newborns that can sleep longer.
b. The result is significant. The data suggests that parents who are more stressed have newborns that sleep for shorter time.
c. The result is not significant. There is no evidence from this sample that suggests that parental stress and newborn sleep duration are related.
d. The result is significant. Parental stress causes newborns to sleep less.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 13 Question 08
8. Which of the following is beyond the scope of a Pearson correlation?
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a. calculating a linear relationship between two variables.
b. You can use it to determine how much one variable explains another variable.
c. Determine quadratic relationships between two variables
d. All of the above are correct.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 13 Question 09
9. Truncated range is best described as when…
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a. the population’s variability is smaller than that of the sample’s.
b. the sample’s variability is smaller than that of the population’s.
c. the sample’s range is limited because the population is skeweed
d. the correlation coefficient overestimates the true population value.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 13 Question 10
10. When a truncated range occurs, which of the following is a likely result?
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a. The coefficient of determination is larger than the true value.
b. The correlation coefficient tends to over-estimate the true population value.
c. The correlation coefficient tends to under-estimated the true population value.
d. The correlation is more likely to be statistically significant.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 13 Question 11
11. Which of the following is false of possible hidden variables in correlations?
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a. Hidden variables can be the true cause of an outcome
b. The effects of hidden variables can always be controlled and fully accounted for after the data have been collected.
c. When hidden variables exist, they can either be directly or indirectly associated with the target variable.
d. All of the above are true.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 13 Question 12
12. Which of the following best describes the relationship between statistics and causality?
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a. The method and statistic play equal roles in determining whether causal relationships are established.
b. The statistic is the most important piece of information that determines whether causality can be inferred.
c. The method is more important than the statistic for determining a causal relationship
d. Causality has to do with sample size, but not the method or statistic. If you have the entire population’s data, the results are always causal.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 13 Question 13
13. Which of the following statements best describes the coefficient of determination?
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a. It is a number constrained between -1.00 and 1.00
b. It is a number that varies from 0 to positive infinity
c. It is a number between 0 and 1.00
d. It is a percentage that represents the proportion of error variance explained by your independent variable.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 13 Question 14
14. If you have a correlation coefficient of r = -.60, then your coefficient of determination should be…
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a. 1.20
b. -.36
c. .36
d. -.30
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 13 Question 15
15. How many possible correlation coefficients could result in a coefficient of determination of exactly .49?
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a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 13 Question 16
16. If two variables are perfectly negatively correlated, their coefficient of determination would be…
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a. -1.00
b. 1.00
c. 0.00
d. .50
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 13 Question 17
17. In a correlational dataset, if the coefficient of determination is positive, then…
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a. The correlation from which the coefficient of determination was calculated is always positive
b. The correlation from which the coefficient of determination was calculated is always negative
c. There is insufficient information to know whether the correlation is positive or negative
d. The correlation from which the coefficient of determination was calculated can be positive or negative.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 13 Question 18
18. In a regression analysis, b refers to
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a. the y-axis intercept
b. the slope of the regression line
c. the predicted y value
d. the residuals
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 13 Question 19
19. A quadratic relationship differs from a linear relationship in that…
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a. the line for a linear relationship changes direction once, but for quadratic relationships the line changes direction twice.
b. The two types of relationships have lines that change directions different amounts of times. But both should be analyzed by a Pearson correlation.
c. The line for a linear relationship never changes direction, but for quadratic relationships the line changes direction once.
d. None of the above.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 13 Question 20
20. Which of the following demonstrates truncated range?
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a. A researcher who is interested in IQ but only being able to recruit college students from elite private schools.
b. A researcher interested in personality, and collects data from the full range of socioeconomic status.
c. A researcher who is interested in the development of working memory across childhood during elementary, and recruits a large sample of 2nd graders.
d. a and c only.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 13 Question 21
21. When two variables have a coefficient of determination of .78, it suggests that…
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a. One variable has a 78% chance of causing the other variable.
b. The two variables share 78% variance
c. The two variables have a correlation of .78
d. The two variables have a regression line that has a slope of .78
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 13 Question 22
22. Which one of the following variables cannot be dichotomized?
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a. age of participant
b. reaction time in milliseconds
c. favorite type of soda
d. Number of coffees consumed per day
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 13 Question 23
23. The theoretical correlation of the population between two variables is denoted by…
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a. r2
b. r
c. ρ
d. b
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 13 Question 24
24. Based on Galton’s work, which of the following types of graphs would you expect to be most useful to plot a correlation between two variables?
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a. scatterplot
b. bar chart
c. pie chart
d. histogram
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 13 Question 25
25. Even though researchers use regressions to predict outcomes, this does not mean that there is a(n) _____________.
a. correlation
b. causal effect
c. association
d. relationship
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 13 Question 01
1. Does money buy happiness? A research collected data on how much individuals spent for the holidays, and how satisfied they were with their holiday season, overall. Below are the data:
Dollars | Satisfaction |
100 | 4 |
140 | 7 |
130 | 3 |
190 | 4 |
120 | 7 |
100 | 4 |
150 | 8 |
140 | 2 |
160 | 9 |
180 | 10 |
70 | 5 |
120 | 7 |
90 | 2 |
70 | 4 |
calculate the correlation
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 13 Question 02
2. Does money buy happiness? A research collected data on how much individuals spent for the holidays, and how satisfied they were with their holiday season, overall. Below are the data:
Dollars | Satisfaction |
100 | 4 |
140 | 7 |
130 | 3 |
190 | 4 |
120 | 7 |
100 | 4 |
150 | 8 |
140 | 2 |
160 | 9 |
180 | 10 |
70 | 5 |
120 | 7 |
90 | 2 |
70 | 4 |
how many degrees of freedom are there for the test?
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 13 Question 03
3. Does money buy happiness? A research collected data on how much individuals spent for the holidays, and how satisfied they were with their holiday season, overall. Below are the data:
Dollars | Satisfaction |
100 | 4 |
140 | 7 |
130 | 3 |
190 | 4 |
120 | 7 |
100 | 4 |
150 | 8 |
140 | 2 |
160 | 9 |
180 | 10 |
70 | 5 |
120 | 7 |
90 | 2 |
70 | 4 |
is the result significant at alpha = .05?
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 13 Question 04
4. Do high school grades predict college academic success? Below are data collected from some recent college graduates.
high school GPA | College GPA |
3.4 | 3.2 |
2.8 | 3.6 |
2.9 | 3.1 |
3.1 | 3.4 |
3.6 | 3.6 |
3.8 | 3.5 |
3.4 | 2.9 |
3.6 | 3.3 |
3.3 | 3.8 |
3.3 | 3.5 |
3.1 | 3 |
3 | 3.1 |
3.6 | 3.7 |
3.7 | 3.9 |
2.6 | 3.1 |
2.2 | 3.2 |
2.8 | 2.7 |
3.1 | 3.5 |
3 | 3 |
What is the correlation?
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 13 Question 05
5. Do high school grades predict college academic success? Below are data collected from some recent college graduates.
high school GPA | College GPA |
3.4 | 3.2 |
2.8 | 3.6 |
2.9 | 3.1 |
3.1 | 3.4 |
3.6 | 3.6 |
3.8 | 3.5 |
3.4 | 2.9 |
3.6 | 3.3 |
3.3 | 3.8 |
3.3 | 3.5 |
3.1 | 3 |
3 | 3.1 |
3.6 | 3.7 |
3.7 | 3.9 |
2.6 | 3.1 |
2.2 | 3.2 |
2.8 | 2.7 |
3.1 | 3.5 |
3 | 3 |
How many degrees of freedom are there?
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 13 Question 06
6. Do high school grades predict college academic success? Below are data collected from some recent college graduates.
high school GPA | College GPA |
3.4 | 3.2 |
2.8 | 3.6 |
2.9 | 3.1 |
3.1 | 3.4 |
3.6 | 3.6 |
3.8 | 3.5 |
3.4 | 2.9 |
3.6 | 3.3 |
3.3 | 3.8 |
3.3 | 3.5 |
3.1 | 3 |
3 | 3.1 |
3.6 | 3.7 |
3.7 | 3.9 |
2.6 | 3.1 |
2.2 | 3.2 |
2.8 | 2.7 |
3.1 | 3.5 |
3 | 3 |
is the test significant at the alpha = .05 leve? What about the .01 level?
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 13 Question 07
7. Do high school grades predict college academic success? Below are data collected from some recent college graduates.
high school GPA | College GPA |
3.4 | 3.2 |
2.8 | 3.6 |
2.9 | 3.1 |
3.1 | 3.4 |
3.6 | 3.6 |
3.8 | 3.5 |
3.4 | 2.9 |
3.6 | 3.3 |
3.3 | 3.8 |
3.3 | 3.5 |
3.1 | 3 |
3 | 3.1 |
3.6 | 3.7 |
3.7 | 3.9 |
2.6 | 3.1 |
2.2 | 3.2 |
2.8 | 2.7 |
3.1 | 3.5 |
3 | 3 |
What is the regression coefficient for the prediction?
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 13 Question 08
8. Do high school grades predict college academic success? Below are data collected from some recent college graduates.
high school GPA | College GPA |
3.4 | 3.2 |
2.8 | 3.6 |
2.9 | 3.1 |
3.1 | 3.4 |
3.6 | 3.6 |
3.8 | 3.5 |
3.4 | 2.9 |
3.6 | 3.3 |
3.3 | 3.8 |
3.3 | 3.5 |
3.1 | 3 |
3 | 3.1 |
3.6 | 3.7 |
3.7 | 3.9 |
2.6 | 3.1 |
2.2 | 3.2 |
2.8 | 2.7 |
3.1 | 3.5 |
3 | 3 |
What is the coefficient of determination?
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 13 Question 09
9. Is a person’s degree of extraversion a predictor of romantic partners? Below are normed data on individuals’ degree of extraversion and the number of partners they’ve had.
Extraversion | Partners |
1.2 | 4 |
1.1 | 3 |
-0.4 | 2 |
0.5 | 6 |
0.2 | 5 |
0.1 | 3 |
0 | 1 |
-0.8 | 7 |
-0.2 | 5 |
-0.1 | 4 |
-0.4 | 2 |
0.6 | 8 |
0.2 | 6 |
-0.1 | 3 |
0.8 | 4 |
-1 | 5 |
0.9 | 1 |
What is the correlation?
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 13 Question 10
10. Is a person’s degree of extraversion a predictor of romantic partners? Below are normed data on individuals’ degree of extraversion and the number of partners they’ve had.
Extraversion | Partners |
1.2 | 4 |
1.1 | 3 |
-0.4 | 2 |
0.5 | 6 |
0.2 | 5 |
0.1 | 3 |
0 | 1 |
-0.8 | 7 |
-0.2 | 5 |
-0.1 | 4 |
-0.4 | 2 |
0.6 | 8 |
0.2 | 6 |
-0.1 | 3 |
0.8 | 4 |
-1 | 5 |
0.9 | 1 |
How many degrees of freedom are there in this test?
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 13 Question 11
11. Is a person’s degree of extraversion a predictor of romantic partners? Below are normed data on individuals’ degree of extraversion and the number of partners they’ve had.
Extraversion | Partners |
1.2 | 4 |
1.1 | 3 |
-0.4 | 2 |
0.5 | 6 |
0.2 | 5 |
0.1 | 3 |
0 | 1 |
-0.8 | 7 |
-0.2 | 5 |
-0.1 | 4 |
-0.4 | 2 |
0.6 | 8 |
0.2 | 6 |
-0.1 | 3 |
0.8 | 4 |
-1 | 5 |
0.9 | 1 |
Is the correlation statistically significant at alpha = .05?
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 13 Question 12
12. Is a person’s degree of extraversion a predictor of romantic partners? Below are normed data on individuals’ degree of extraversion and the number of partners they’ve had.
Extraversion | Partners |
1.2 | 4 |
1.1 | 3 |
-0.4 | 2 |
0.5 | 6 |
0.2 | 5 |
0.1 | 3 |
0 | 1 |
-0.8 | 7 |
-0.2 | 5 |
-0.1 | 4 |
-0.4 | 2 |
0.6 | 8 |
0.2 | 6 |
-0.1 | 3 |
0.8 | 4 |
-1 | 5 |
0.9 | 1 |
identify a potential hidden variable that may explain the variable that the researcher failed to take into account
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 13 Question 13
13. Why is truncated range a problem when conducting correlational research?
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 13 Question 14
14. What is the phenomenon: Regression to the mean?
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Statistics in Context 1e | Final Test Bank Blatchley
By Barbara Blatchley