Nau Verified Test Bank Globalization Critical Theory Ch.10 - Perspectives on International Relations 7e Test Bank by Henry R. Nau. DOCX document preview.
Test Bank
Chapter 10: Critical Theory Perspectives on Globalization: Inequality, Imperialism, and Injustice
Multiple Choice
1. Approximately how old is the world economy?
a. 350 years old
b. 500 years old
c. 800 years old
d. 1,500 years old
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Chapter Introduction
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. Which perspective would emphasize demography, geography, and a decentralized distribution of power as the reasons why Europe came to influence the world?
a. the realist perspective
b. the liberal perspective
c. the identity perspective
d. the critical theory perspective
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Chapter Introduction
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. Arguing that European explorers were more active than their Chinese counterparts because Europeans could appeal to multiple, competing governments for support is to highlight the importance of which of the following factors?
a. material capabilities
b. a decentralized distribution of power
c. military might
d. a single, strong monarch
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Chapter Introduction
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. The souk (or bazaar) and the caravan trade are examples of which of the following?
a. traditional organizations for commercial exchange in the Middle East and Asia
b. religious principles that govern social and economic activity in the Middle East and Asia
c. traditional names for social and economic classes in the Middle East and Asia
d. traditional political institutions in the Middle East and Asia
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Chapter Introduction
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. According to the identity perspective, what would countries have to do to become more modern?
a. work with the international system’s hegemon to promote domestic development
b. implement Western rules of specialization, comparative advantage, and open markets
c. adopt a Western standard of pluralist political systems
d. adopt the Western ideas of the Renaissance, Reformation, and Enlightenment
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Chapter Introduction
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. Which perspective attributes the emergence of the West as a result of technology, specialization, and institutional innovations, such as the modern factory, markets, and domestic and international bureaucracy?
a. the realist perspective
b. the liberal perspective
c. the identity perspective
d. the critical theory perspective
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Chapter Introduction
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. Which perspective would argue that the development of the West is the result of the conquest, exploitation, and marginalization of other societies using military, economic, and cultural means?
a. the realist perspective
b. the liberal perspective
c. the identity perspective
d. the critical theory perspective
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Chapter Introduction
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. Which perspective would most likely argue that the development of the West was a result of deeply rooted systemic and historical processes?
a. the realist perspective
b. the liberal perspective
c. the identity perspective
d. the critical theory perspective
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Chapter Introduction
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. According to the critical theory perspective, why were Western states (like Portugal and Spain) able to colonize other parts of the world?
a. Historical happenstance and the unusual cunning of Western explorers made Western colonization successful.
b. The ideas of the Renaissance and Reformation strongly motivated Western exploration.
c. Navigation and shipbuilding technology gave Western states an advantage over other societies.
d. The West had a natural cultural advantage in interactions with other societies.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Colonialism and Imperialism
Difficulty Level: Medium
10. The forceful extension of a nation’s authority to other peoples by military, economic, and political domination is better known as ______.
a. dependency
b. colonialism
c. exploitation
d. imperialism
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Colonialism and Imperialism
Difficulty Level: Medium
11. Which of the following is a modern equivalent to the mercantile companies that furthered British and Dutch colonialism?
a. supranational institutions
b. civil society
c. multinational corporations
d. small to medium-sized enterprises
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Colonialism and Imperialism
Difficulty Level: Easy
12. For critical theorists, why is the experience of Latin America important?
a. Latin America demonstrates the long-lasting effects of colonialism.
b. The impact of colonialism on Latin America was minimal.
c. Latin America is not part of what most analysts consider the third world.
d. Latin America has kept close ties with the states that colonized it.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Dependency
Difficulty Level: Medium
13. According to dependency theory, what is the advanced center of an empire called?
a. the satellite
b. the metropole
c. the core
d. the hegemon
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Dependency
Difficulty Level: Medium
14. The relative price of exports and imports is better known as ______.
a. exchange rate
b. capital account
c. terms of trade
d. economies of scale
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Dependency
Difficulty Level: Medium
15. Which theory, borrowing from Marxism, explains how colonialism reinforced capitalism and enabled capitalism to survive by exploiting the peripheral countries of the world?
a. dependency theory
b. crony capitalism
c. unfair trade theory
d. world systems theory
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: World Systems
Difficulty Level: Medium
16. According to world systems theory, what are the smaller and less developed countries called?
a. peripheral states
b. exploited states
c. satellite states
d. developing states
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: World Systems
Difficulty Level: Medium
17. According to world systems theory, what is the international distribution of labor produced by global capitalism?
a. the division of individuals into a class that works and a class that manages or owns property
b. the division of the world market into a core, periphery, and semiperiphery
c. the division of societies into those who colonize and those who are colonized
d. the division of individuals into producers and consumers
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: World Systems
Difficulty Level: Medium
18. What does Thomas Friedman mean when he argues that the Lexus drives out the olive tree?
a. Industrialization replaces agriculture.
b. Globalization gives traditional industries access to global markets.
c. The culture of modernity replaces the culture of tradition.
d. The cosmopolitan elite become more influential than local businesses.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Multinational Corporations and Exploitation of Labor
Difficulty Level: Medium
19. Marginalization is ______.
a. the conquest and exploitation by the European states of poorer peoples and lands in Latin America, Africa, and Asia
b. the forceful extension of a nation’s authority to other peoples by military, economic, and political domination
c. the extraction of profits from the resources and labor of others in an unjust way
d. the social process of making unimportant or powerless certain groups within a society, especially indigenous peoples and women
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Marginalized Minorities: Global Injustice
Difficulty Level: Medium
20. What group constitutes approximately 90 percent of the workforce in export zones?
a. children
b. women
c. indigenous groups
d. migrants
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Marginalized Minorities: Global Injustice
Difficulty Level: Easy
21. Which perspective would most likely argue that globalization has resulted in a gap between advanced and developing countries in terms of access to computers, cell phones, and other telecommunication devices?
a. the realist perspective
b. the liberal perspective
c. the identity perspective
d. the critical theory perspective
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Persisting Global Inequality
Difficulty Level: Medium
22. Which of the following best describes systematic inequality?
a. deep-seated disparity in the distribution of wealth
b. the gap between advanced and developing countries in terms of access to modern technology
c. the social process of making unimportant or powerless certain groups within society
d. the extraction of profits from the resources and labor of others in an unjust way
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Dependency
Difficulty Level: Easy
23. The gap between advanced and developing countries in terms of access to modern technology best describes which of the following concepts in critical theory?
a. systematic inequality
b. the digital divide
c. marginalization
d. exploitation
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Persisting Global Inequality
Difficulty Level: Easy
24. In critical theory, the unjust extraction of profits from the resources and labor of others is known as ______.
a. marginalization
b. colonialism
c. exploitation
d. imperialism
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Colonialism and Imperialism
Difficulty Level: Easy
25. Deep-seated disparity in the distribution of wealth or other treatments in critical theory refers to ______.
a. exploitation
b. marginalization
c. systematic inequality
d. colonialism
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Dependency
Difficulty Level: Medium
26. Through the lens of the critical theory, to which of the following does the concept of the digital divide refer?
a. the uneven distribution in the access to, use of, or impact of information and communication technologies between groups
b. the imbalance in trade power between advanced and developing countries in the tech sector
c. the uneven distribution in the development of the tech sector in the developing world versus advanced countries
d. the trade barriers between countries like China and the US that prevent the sale or trade of technologies
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Persisting Global Inequality
Difficulty Level: Medium
Multiple Response
1. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. The identity perspective attributes the rise of the West to ______.
a. Renaissance and Reformation ideas
b. demography and geography
c. the Protestant ethic
d. the decentralized distribution of power
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Introduction
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. According to the critical theory perspective, globalization is the result of which of the following influences?
a. material conditions
b. cultural and social conditions
c. institutional conditions
d. geographical conditions
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Chapter Introduction
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. The Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 divided the known world for colonization by which two European powers?
a. Portugal
b. Great Britain
c. France
d. Spain
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Colonialism and Imperialism
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following states challenged Spanish and Portuguese exploration and colonization in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?
a. Germany
b. Russia
c. Great Britain
d. The Netherlands
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Colonialism and Imperialism
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. The proliferation of plantations to produce cash crops resulted in ______.
a. local foodstuffs that were traditionally grown being replaced
b. local infrastructure, including land and water, was usurped for commercial purposes
c. the health and well-being of local peasantry were boosted
d. local peoples were more included in political processes
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Colonialism and Imperialism
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Coercive comparative advantage, as epitomized by the plantation, resulted in ______.
a. developing countries becoming more competitive in world goods and services markets
b. developing countries lost the capacity to feed themselves
c. developing countries’ formal sectors became more integrated
d. developing countries’ local enterprise and production activity was forced into the informal sector
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Dependency
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following are ways in which groups are marginalized?
a. They are treated as primitive and uncivilized.
b. They are robbed of their land.
c. They are forced into low-paying, inescapable work, often confined to a specific ghetto-like area.
d. Their cultures are honored and preserved.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Marginalized Minorities: Global Injustice
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Globalization has marginalized women by ______.
a. damaging the environment where most women live
b. neglecting the agricultural sector of the economy, where most women work
c. paying those working in export zones higher wages
d. increasing unpaid labor by women in the household sector
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Marginalized Minorities: Global Injustice
Difficulty Level: Medium
True/False
1. The critical theory perspective criticizes the other perspectives for assuming that development is a universalistic process that follows a single course initially set by Western ideas, power, and institutions.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Chapter Introduction
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. According to the critical theory perspective, colonialism established patterns of dependency that persist today.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Colonialism and Imperialism
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. While Spanish explorers sailed west to the Caribbean and the Americas, Portuguese explorers sailed down the western coast of Africa, around the Cape of Good Hope, and into the Indian Ocean.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Colonialism and Imperialism
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. According to the critical theory perspective, economic growth is a non-zero-sum game.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Colonialism and Imperialism
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. According to dependency theory, comparative advantage is not a given. Rather, it is a pattern of historically determined and dominant relationships shaped by colonial governments and raw power.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Dependency
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. According to dependency theory, the plantation is a direct result of metropole–satellite relationships.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Dependency
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. World systems theory is heavily influenced by the work of Karl Marx.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: World Systems
Difficulty Level: Easy
8. World systems theory argues that colonialism reinforces capitalism and enables capitalism to survive through the exploitation of peripheral states.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: World Systems
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. According to dependency theory, economic exploitation creates three types of states: core, semiperipheral, and peripheral.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: World Systems
Difficulty Level: Medium
10. From the critical theory perspective, MNCs are uniquely the primary cause of exploitation.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Multinational Corporations and Exploitation of Labor
Difficulty Level: Medium
11. In developing countries, women work mostly in the informal sector, performing jobs that mimic housework, such as cleaning, sewing, and cooking.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Marginalized Minorities: Global Injustice
Difficulty Level: Easy
12. The critical theory perspective argues that although women and children are marginalized in developing states, they are not marginalized in developed, industrialized states.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Marginalized Minorities: Global Injustice
Difficulty Level: Medium
13. Measuring inequality is a relatively straightforward task.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Persisting Global Inequality
Difficulty Level: Medium
Short Answer
1. The critical theory perspective argues that mainstream analysts’ understanding of economic development is based upon the idea that the history of ______ society provides the only pattern for development.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Chapter Introduction
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. According to the critical theory perspective, globalization is driven by a ______, not sequential, logic that cannot be steered or stopped.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Chapter Introduction
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. The conquest and exploitation by the European states of poorer peoples and lands in Latin America, Africa, and Asia is better known as ______.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Chapter Introduction
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. ______ is the forceful extension of a nation’s authority to other peoples by military, economic, and political domination.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Colonialism and Imperialism
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. According to the critical theory perspective, growth is a ______ game, a process by which a dominant country systematically extracts profits from a subordinate country.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Colonialism and Imperialism
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. Approximately ten million ______ were transported from Africa to the Americas, in addition to millions that did not survive the journey.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Colonialism and Imperialism
Difficulty Level: Easy
7. The critical theory perspective emphasizes a set of dynamics they refer to as ______, which explains lack of development in terms of colonialism and oppression.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Dependency
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. ______ is the deep-seated disparity in the distribution of wealth and power generated by colonialism and dependency.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Dependency
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. If, over time, it takes larger quantities of exports of raw goods, like coffee beans, to earn enough money to buy a constant amount of imported manufactured goods, like refrigerators, we would say the country has experienced declining ______.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Dependency
Difficulty Level: Medium
10. The world systems dynamic creates a ______ between leading sectors that generate high profits and lagging sectors that generate little or no profits.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: World Systems
Difficulty Level: Medium
11. According to world systems theory, ______ have the greatest difficulty because they struggle to keep from falling backward while using government intervention to attempt to advance.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: World Systems
Difficulty Level: Medium
12. Modern ______ are the equivalent of the mercantile companies and plantations that were founded during the colonial period.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Multinational Corporations and Exploitation of Labor
Difficulty Level: Medium
13. ______ is the practice of paying off loans with direct labor instead of currency or goods.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Multinational Corporations and Exploitation of Labor
Difficulty Level: Medium
14. According to the critical theory perspective, globalization marginalizes ______ and ______.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Marginalized Minorities: Global Injustice
Difficulty Level: Medium
15. In 2007, the UN adopted the ______, emphasizing their rights to culture, identity, language, employment, health, education, and other benefits and outlawing discrimination against them.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Marginalized Minorities: Global Injustice
Difficulty Level: Easy
16. The ______ refers to the gap between advanced and developing countries in terms of access to the digital devices or tools of the information age.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Persisting Global Inequality
Difficulty Level: Medium
Essay
1. According to the critical theory perspective, what types of relationships between the West and societies in the rest of the world have allowed the West to develop?
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Chapter Introduction
Difficulty Level: Hard
2. How does the critical theory perspective understand exploitation?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Chapter Introduction
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. What effect did the development of plantations have on colonized societies?
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Colonialism and Imperialism | Dependency
Difficulty Level: Hard
4. What are the main elements of dependency theory?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Dependency
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. What are the main elements of world systems theory?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: World Systems
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. What is the difference between core and peripheral states?
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: World Systems
Difficulty Level: Hard
7. In what ways has globalization marginalized women?
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Marginalized Minorities: Global Injustice
Difficulty Level: Hard
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Perspectives on International Relations 7e Test Bank
By Henry R. Nau