nan Test Bank Docx Conflict Ch.10

CHAPTER 10: Conflict

1. Why Do Lovers Disagree?

a. Conflict

 i. Responses to conflict

2. The Landscape of Couple Conflict

a. Social learning theory

 i. Social exchange theory

b. Coding system

c. Quantifying couple communication

d. Structural model of marital interaction

e. Meaning making during conflict

 i. Cognitive editing

  ii. Reactivity hypothesis

iii. Talk table

f. Broader patterns of conflict behavior

 i. Demand/withdraw pattern

  ii. Polarization

3. Consequences of Couple Conflict

a. Mismanaged conflict as a cause of relationship distress

b. Attachment theory

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. According to Kurt Lewin, “A definition of conflict begins with the recognition that participants in social interaction have ________.”

2. Conflict occurs when one partner pursues his/her _____ in such a way that it interferes with the other partner’s _____.

3. Relationship researchers recognize that disagreements between partners in intimate relationships are inevitable. Consequently, researchers assume that ________ is more consequential to their relationship than ________.

4. According to your text, which of the following topics is the source of the greatest number of disagreements reported by husbands and wives?

5. Based on observational data from couples’ disagreements, the three topics of disagreement are:

6. Jonathan and Gurmit have been married 10 years. What are they most likely to disagree about?

7. Nonso and Manj have been married 5 years. They are more likely to disagree about ________ than about ________.

8. In a videotaped discussion, a husband says, “I feel really uncomfortable whenever we discuss our sexual relationship.” How would you code the husband’s statement?

9. In a videotaped discussion, a husband says, “I feel really uncomfortable whenever we discuss our sexual relationship.” His wife responds, “I know this is difficult for you. What if we wrote down our thoughts first and then read them out loud to each other?” How would you code the wife’s statement?

10. When couples take turns speaking, each speaking turn needs to be coded not only for ________ but also for ________.

11. Alex is designing a study to examine how couples’ behavior during conflict discussions predicts changes in relationship satisfaction. He is planning to measure the observed negative behavior skills that couples employ. Based on previous research, which additional observed variable would be most important for Alex to measure to obtain a more complete understanding of the effects of conflict behavior on relationship satisfaction?

12. A partner’s affect refers to his or her:

13. In a videotaped discussion, a wife says, “I think that most of our arguments stem from a lack of trust.” How would you code the wife’s statement?

14. In a videotaped discussion, a wife says, “I think that most of our arguments stem from our different religious backgrounds.” Her husband responds, “Yes, I think you’re right. Our perceptions and values vary a lot because of our beliefs.” How would you code the husband’s response?

15. In a videotaped discussion, Pilar says, “I think that most of our arguments stem from our different cultural backgrounds.” Her partner, Estrella, responds, “I don’t really think that’s the issue. I have always been supportive of your cultural traditions. I think most of our issues come down to a lack of communication.” How would you code Estrella’s response?

16. In a videotaped discussion, Marco says, “I think that our conflicts arise because we don’t spend very much time together anymore.” His partner, Luigi, responds, “Are you serious? We have dinner together every night, but you’re the one always talking on the phone or getting distracted. You won’t just sit down for five minutes and actually talk to me.” How would you code Luigi’s response?

17. Which of the following responses is most reflective of a positive solution for someone who is upset with their partner’s lack of time at home?

18. In laboratory studies of observed marital behavior, unconditional probabilities capture the ________ of particular interaction events, while conditional probabilities capture the ________ of interaction events.

19. Nessim and Mariah participated in a study of couple communication. Nessim had 100 speaking turns and 33 of them were coded as criticism. His ________ for criticism was 33/100, or .33.

20. Early research comparing happy and unhappy couples was designed to examine:

21. What role does coercion play in relationships?

22. Coercion arises in relationships by _____ reinforcing the _____ behaviors of one’s partner.

23. Women are more likely to cite _____ as a topic of disagreement, while men are more likely to cite _____ as a topic of disagreement.

24. Which of the following is positively correlated with relationship dissatisfaction?

25. When studying relationship conflict, social exchange theorists are more interested in examining _____ than _____.

26. According to Gottman’s (1979) structural model of marital interaction, which is NOT true of unhappy couples compared to happy couples? Unhappy couples:

27. According to the textbook, couples can use a variety of strategies for conflict resolution. Strategies such as blaming one’s partner for the problem and delivering ultimatums are considered ________ strategies; looking for points of and working toward agreement are considered ________ strategies.

28. Tiya and Randal are arguing. Tiya wants to be a supportive partner and to work through the issue. What strategy should Tiya use during the argument to solve their problem?

29. Cognitive editing occurs when a partner hears something ________ but responds in a ________ way.

30. When Sandy says something mean during an argument, Ali is upset but tries to respond to her concerns with warmth. What is this called?

31. How do happy and unhappy couples compare in their problem-solving communication?

32. Samira and Adele are participating in a research study to examine how miscommunication contributes to marital conflict. During the study, Samira makes a statement and pushes a button indicating the intent of her message, from “super negative” to “super positive.” Following this, Adele then rates her perception of the message. What technique are Samira and Adele using to communicate?

33. The technique used to understand sources of couple miscommunication through structured, problem-solving discussions is called:

34. Research on the demand/withdraw pattern show that:

35. Which of the following is true of the demand/withdraw interaction pattern?

36. A common interaction pattern in couples is called the demand/withdraw pattern. Which of the following is true about the research discussed in the text on demand/withdrawal in couples?

37. Avery continually yells at Sue in a heated conflict and is not able to calm down. Sue, feeling cold and indifferent, does not respond and eventually leaves the room. This type of communication is called:

38. The demand/withdraw pattern often leads couples to adopt _____ positions in their argument.

39. Delia loves to travel and loves exploring and being surprised about what is around the next corner. She does not like to plan ahead too much because she believes that you never know where you’ll be at the end of the day. Her partner, Sal, likes to plan ahead and learn where all the sights are and to book the best hotels based on their budget. This difference is the cause of much arguing, and, for their upcoming trip, Delia is trying to convince Sal to book a “last minute” surprise trip on a website where they would not even know their destination until the trip was booked. In contrast, Sal has developed a day-by-day plan for a trip to Italy. What best describes the situation in which Delia and Sal have found themselves? Delia and Sal:

40. How well can researchers predict marital outcomes?

41. Research supports which of the following associations between negative communication and emotional expression?

42. The textbook describes a study where researchers collected blood samples from newlywed participants while they discussed an important problem in their marriage. The blood samples were then analyzed for the presence of stress hormones. What is the most important conclusion from this study?

43. When relationship research is written about in the popular media, reporting tends to emphasize _____, whereas the empirical science focuses on _______.

44. If a study is cross-validated, this means that:

45. Which type of approach will be LEAST effective in eliciting change in one’s relationship?

46. According to research, anger and poor problem-solving skills _____ levels of relationship satisfaction.

47. Which of the following statements about the relationship between mismanaged conflict and relationship satisfaction is accurate?

48. Research on couple conflict from an attachment perspective has shown that:

49. Dr. Adams believes that how partners manage conflict is determined in part by their experiences in their families of origin when they were children. With what theory is this consistent?

50. Attachment anxiety is characterized by negative views of _____, whereas attachment avoidance is characterized by negative views of ________.

51. Adults whose mothers were neither attentive nor responsive to them throughout childhood are likely to:

52. When did psychologists begin to reject the idea that relationship dissolution was primarily due to the personality issues of one individual?

53. Nuray sees most people as unreliable, unavailable, and uncaring. Nuray most likely has a(n) _____ attachment style and uses _____ conflict management strategies in her relationship.

54. Oussama has a negative view of himself and obsesses over his relationship with his partner, Salma. Oussama most likely has a(n) _____ attachment style and uses _____ conflict management strategies in his relationship.

55. Reagan believes that most people are trustworthy and does not feel threatened by his partner, Tanner. Reagan most likely has a(n) _____ attachment style and uses _____ conflict management strategies in his relationship.

1. According to Kurt Lewin, conflict arises when one person pursues his or her goals in such a way that it interferes with the other person’s goals. According to the textbook authors, what are the two key implications of this definition for analysis of conflict in intimate relationships?

2. What issues do men and women cite as the most common topics of disagreement in their relationships, and which topics may be harder to resolve?

3. Imagine you are a researcher studying marital conflict. Married couples are videotaped in your lab while they discuss and try to resolve an important marital disagreement. You then code each speaking turn by both partners based on a coding system you have developed. Name four codes (or categories) to which you might assign the observed behaviors, and provide an example of each.

4. Describe how coercion may develop in a romantic relationship, and explain what the implications are for relationship functioning over time.

5. Simon and his partner, Javed, are on their way home from a party. Javed is upset with Simon because he thinks Simon was flirting with another man at the party. Eventually, Simon notices that Javed is not talking and asks, “You’re awfully quiet. Is there something wrong?” Javed answers, “Yes, you are such a two-timing jerk—I saw you flirting with Andy in the kitchen!” Name and provide two examples of constructive conflict resolution strategies that Simon could use in response to Javed’s accusation.

6. Simon and his partner, Javed, are on their way home from a party. Javed is upset with Simon because he thinks Simon was flirting with another man at the party. Eventually, Simon notices that Javed is not talking and asks, “You’re awfully quiet, is there something wrong?” Javed answers, “Yes, you are such a two-timing jerk—I saw you flirting with Andy in the kitchen!” Name and provide two examples of destructive conflict resolution strategies that Simon could use in response to Javed’s accusation.

7. Describe how the interactions of unhappy couples (in comparison to happy couples) can be characterized according to Gottman’s structural model of marital interaction.

8. Sam and Oshrey have been married 9 years and are generally unhappy in their relationship. Izzie and Bowin have been married 8 years and are generally happy in their relationship. Both couples participate in a diary study where every evening they record the events that have taken place in their relationship and rate their relationship satisfaction. Based on the reactivity hypothesis discussed in the text, what differences would you expect to see between Sam and Oshrey’s and Izzie and Bowin’s diaries?

9. One creative approach to studying how partners make sense of the behaviors they send and receive during a disagreement is the talk table. Imagine you are a researcher using this method, and Codruta and Sonia are a couple participating in your study. What instructions would you give to Codruta and Sonia about how to structure their problem-solving discussion?

10. Describe gender differences in the demand/withdraw pattern.

11. How does Arthur Schopenhauer’s parable of porcupines relate to relationship disagreement?

12. How accurately can relational scholars predict relationship outcomes?

13. Describe the associations between stress hormones, negative behaviors, and relationship satisfaction.

14. Rivian’s mother was not affectionate to her as she grew up. She was inattentive to her needs and often neglected Rivian. As an adult, Rivian finds staying in a romantic relationship challenging. Her most recent relationship was marked by conflict and ended poorly. How might a psychologist explain Rivian’s relationship issues?

15. Discuss three different attachment styles and how they relate to relationship conflict.