Chapter 3: Mindfulness and Family Stress

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. When families can have chronic stressors or experience one stress leading to another stress, a ______ is created.

A. stressor pileup

B. superstressor

C. stress overflow

D. stress overload

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: ABC-X Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. The ______ was created to understand how minority families (in the United States) experience stress.

A. intersecting stressors perspective

B. mundane extreme environmental stress theory

C. environmental microaggression stressor pileup theory

D. the ABC-X model

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Minority Stress Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. What does the term “mundane” refer to in the mundane extreme environmental stress theory?

A. Everyone is prejudiced to some extent, and some people assume that bigotry is a normal part of life.

B. Mundane is a way to indicate the emphasis of the theory is on stressor pileup.

C. Bigotry was so common that it was embedded in the daily lives of minority group members.

D. It indicates that even in a normal environment, stress can occur and become overwhelming.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Minority Stress Models

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Which model, based in the mundane extreme environmental stress theory, by including an intersectional approach, allows for a broader application to many structures of families and the many processes within them?

A. mindfulness-based stress reduction theory

B. adjacent explanatory theory

C. the ABC-X model

D. sociocultural family stress model

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Minority Stress Models

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Bioecological theory is considered a ______ theory and not specifically a family stress theory.

A. anthropological

B. human development

C. cognitive

D. sociological

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Bioecological Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Every day, Brooke eats breakfast with her father, is driven to her daycare by her stepbrother, stays with her teacher until it is time to go home, and is picked up by her stepbrother. She eats dinner with her family every night. In the bioecological theory, what are these daily interactions called?

A. context

B. person characteristics

C. proximal processes

D. environment

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Bioecological Theory

Difficulty Level: Hard

7. In the bioecological theory, micro, meso, exo, or macro are examples of ______.

A. beliefs

B. idiosyncrasies

C. societies

D. contexts

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Bioecological Theory

Difficulty Level: Hard

8. Which of the following is an example of chronic stress?

A. Jennifer is an alcoholic.

B. Rika gets into a car accident.

C. Alex is kicked off the track team.

D. Morgan is expelled senior year.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Stress Duration

Difficulty Level: Hard

9. When referenced within Buddhism, mindfulness refers to ______.

A. awareness of the body and its processes

B. finding joy in suffering

C. attentiveness to the present

D. awareness of others

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Conceptualizing Mindfulness

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. When discussed as part of mindfulness-based stress reduction, ______ refers to “paying attention in a particular way: on purpose, in the present moment, and nonjudgmentally.”

A. awareness

B. meditation

C. clarity

D. mindfulness

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Conceptualizing Mindfulness

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Which of the following is a criticism of the empirical evidence for mindfulness?

A. poor methodology

B. falsified data

C. lack of contemporary studies

D. flawed concepts

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Conceptualizing Mindfulness

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. What kind of program is dialectical behavior therapy?

A. intensive practice–based program

B. intensive skill–based program

C. cognitive skill–based program

D. meditative application–based program

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Family Pathways to Mindfulness

Difficulty Level: Hard

13. Which mindfulness program has received the most empirical support?

A. the perspective taking approach

B. Aabbcc-Xx model

C. dialectical behavior therapy

D. mindfulness-based stress reduction

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR)

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. Within mindfulness-based stress reduction, sitting meditation, walking, body scan, and gentle mindful movement are all considered ______ practices.

A. formal

B. informal

C. emotional

D. cognitive

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR)

Difficulty Level: Hard

15. What do mindfulness-based stress reduction and dialectical behavior therapy have in common?

A. They were both developed by Jon Kabat-Zinn.

B. They were both designed to address physical pain and emotional suffering.

C. They are both associated with the Chicago school of mindfulness.

D. They were both originally developed in the 1950s.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR)

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. Dialectical behavior therapy for adolescents utilizes a ______ model.

A. family stress

B. ecological

C. biosocial

D. classical conditioning

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. Participating in mindfulness meditation exercises may impact one’s experience of ______.

A. time

B. reality

C. dreams

D. spatial relationships

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Perspective Taking

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. What does “dialectic” refer to in dialectical behavior therapy?

A. the intersecting layers of oppression

B. the joining of opposites: acceptance and change

C. the multiple facets of the approach

D. the rejection of a disease-based model

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Acceptance and Change

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. What is the core value of dialectical behavior therapy?

A. normalizing stress-related behavior

B. changing the situational context of poor behavior

C. accepting the person just as they are

D. identifying behaviors and thoughts that must change

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Acceptance and Change

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. What is central in the study, understanding, and explanation of the scholarship on family stress?

A. how social context influences stress

B. how to reconcile acceptance and change

C. how families can minimize stress

D. how families respond to stress and stressors

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Families and Mindfulness

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. What does the “A” stand for in the ABC-X model of family stress?

A. the resources that families have to respond

B. the stressful event

C. the resultant crises that the family experiences

D. the perspective of the event that the family has

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: ABC-X Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. Joan’s therapist takes a twofold approach toward treating Joan’s borderline personality disorder. First, she emphasizes accepting Joan, just as she is. Second, she encourages Joan to identify specific behaviors to work on changing. Which approach is this an example of?

A. the perspective taking approach

B. Aabbcc-Xx model

C. dialectical behavior therapy

D. mindfulness-based stress reduction

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)

Difficulty Level: Hard

23. Bobby is already in therapy when his parents divorce due to his father’s infidelity. He has a close relationship with the kids next door, whose parents are also divorced. The divorce becomes very acrimonious, leading Bobby to double his therapy sessions. When applying the ABC-X model of family stress, what part of the example is aligned with “B?”

A. the divorce becoming acrimonious

B. Bobby’s therapy sessions

C. Bobby’s parent divorcing

D. the divorced parents of his friends next door

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: ABC-X Models

Difficulty Level: Hard

24. One of the assumptions of the ABC-X model is that when families experience a stressful event, ______.

A. they address it or adapt to it

B. they have resources to address it

C. some family members will not be affected

D. all family members experience it together

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: ABC-X Models

Difficulty Level: Medium

25. One issue with integrating mindfulness into the family stress literature is that ______.

A. it is not possible to teach people to be mindful

B. mindfulness is a religious idea

C. mindfulness is a difficult concept to define

D. mindfulness is a personality characteristic

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Conceptualizing Mindfulness

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. Mindfulness-based relationship enhancement is designed to be utilized by couples already in crisis.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) was originally developed to treat elders with suicidal ideation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Family stress is a neutral event, neither inherently positive or negative.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Family Stress Literature

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. The A in the ABC-X model represents the resources that families have to respond to a stressor event.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: ABC-X Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Mindfulness became popular during the European renaissance and was practiced only by women.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Conceptualizing Mindfulness

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Whether stress is chronic or acute has implications for the extent to which it influences family dynamics.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Stress Duration

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. The origin of the term mindfulness derives from the Pali word Sati meaning “to remember.”

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Conceptualizing Mindfulness

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. According to the Pew Research Center, the highest percentage of persons who meditate daily in the United States are Jehovah’s Witnesses.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Conceptualizing Mindfulness

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Mindfulness as a construct is based on the practices of Jehovah’s Witnesses.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Conceptualizing Mindfulness

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. The contemporary secular mindfulness movement harkens back to the late 1970s.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR)

Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

1. How can mindfulness address the stresses caused by systematic/institutional oppression?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Meditations on Systematic Oppression

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. List sources of structural support for mindfulness practice.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Structural Support for Mindfulness Practice

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Describe how mindfulness can change perspectives.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Perspective Taking

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Break down the various components of mindfulness-based stress reduction.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR)

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Outline bioecological theory.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Bioecological Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium