Mental Health And Psychopathology Chapter.15 Full Test Bank

Chapter 15: Mental Health and Psychopathology

Multiple choice

1. Psychopathology is the study of:

a) psychosis

b) personality disorders

c) heritability

d) mental health problems

Section Ref: Introduction to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Provide a basic definition of psychopathology and discuss the prevalence of mental health problems.

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Which of the following is a mental health problem?

a) Anxiety

b) Depression

c) Narcissistic personality disorder

d) All of the above

Section Ref: Introduction to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Provide a basic definition of psychopathology and discuss the prevalence of mental health problems.

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Which of the following aspects is common to all mental health problems?

a) Significant distress

b) Mood swings

c) Reduced memory

d) Attentional bias

Section Ref: Introduction to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Provide a basic definition of psychopathology and discuss the prevalence of mental health problems.

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. According to the World Health Organization (2008) report, what condition appears as the single largest cause of disability?

a) Cancer

b) Mental health problems

c) Obesity

d) Cardiovascular disease

Section Ref: Introduction to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Provide a basic definition of psychopathology and discuss the prevalence of mental health problems.

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. According to the Office for National Statistics Psychiatry Morbidity Report (2001), how many people in the UK will experience a diagnosable mental health problem every year?

a) 5%

b) 15%

c) 25%

d) 45%

Section Ref: Introduction to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Provide a basic definition of psychopathology and discuss the prevalence of mental health problems.

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (2011), appoximately ___________ of the population report having had serious thoughts of suicide in the prior 12 months.

a) 1%

b) 4%

c) 7%

d) 11%

Section Ref: Introduction to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Provide a basic definition of psychopathology and discuss the prevalence of mental health problems.

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

7. In most developed countries around one in five people has a diagnosable mental health problem at any one time.

Section Ref: Introduction to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Provide a basic definition of psychopathology and discuss the prevalence of mental health problems.

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Psychoses are among the most prevalent mental health problems compared to problems such as mood disorders and anxiety.

Section Ref: Introduction to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Provide a basic definition of psychopathology and discuss the prevalence of mental health problems.

Difficulty Level: Easy

Fill-in-the-blank

9. ___________ are the single largest cause of disability, contributing up to 22.8% of the total burden. For example, ___________ alone accounts for 7% of the disease burden according to the World ___________ Organization (2008).

Section Ref: Introduction to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Provide a basic definition of psychopathology and discuss the prevalence of mental health problems.

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. ___________ is the study of mental health problems.

Section Ref: Introduction to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Provide a basic definition of psychopathology and discuss the prevalence of mental health problems.

Difficulty Level: Easy

Multiple Choice

11. Changes in __________ are some of the first symptoms that are noticed in many forms of psychopathology.

a) appetite

b) mood

c) personality

d) physical appearance

Section Ref: A Brief History of Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Discuss the history of psychopathology, specifically the historic theories of demonic possession and the medical or disease model.

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. Which of the following terms is now considered as inappropriate to describe people suffering from a mental health problem?

a) Insane

b) Mad

c) Crazy

d) All of the above

Section Ref: A Brief History of Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Discuss the history of psychopathology, specifically the historic theories of demonic possession and the medical or disease model.

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. In the past, people exhibiting symptoms of psychopathology were often described as being ‘___________’.

a) possessed

b) acting

c) special

d) amusing

Section Ref: A Brief History of Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Discuss the history of psychopathology, specifically the historic theories of demonic possession and the medical or disease model.

Difficulty Level: Easy

Short answer

14. Which practice diffused in ancient civilizations, such as those in Egypt, China, and Greece, believed that those exhibiting symptoms of psychopathology were possessed by bad spirits?

Section Ref: A Brief History of Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Discuss the history of psychopathology, specifically the historic theories of demonic possession and the medical or disease model.

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. What did the most diffused practices for exorcising the bad spirits in ancient civilizations consist of?

Section Ref: A Brief History of Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Discuss the history of psychopathology, specifically the historic theories of demonic possession and the medical or disease model.

Difficulty Level: Medium

Fill-in-the-blank

16. Understanding the biological causes of mental health problems allowed for the conception of ‘madness’ to move slowly towards treating it as a(n) __________.

Section Ref: A Brief History of Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Discuss the history of psychopathology, specifically the historic theories of demonic possession and the medical or disease model.

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. The __________ model of psychopathology introduced scientific thinking into our attempts to understand psychopathology.

Section Ref: A Brief History of Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Discuss the history of psychopathology, specifically the historic theories of demonic possession and the medical or disease model.

Difficulty Level: Medium

Short Answer

18. What are the two main aims of the medical model applied to the study of psychopathology?

Section Ref: A Brief History of Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Discuss the history of psychopathology, specifically the historic theories of demonic possession and the medical or disease model.

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. Which branch of medicine is involved in the study and treatment of mental illness, emotional disturbance, and abnormal behaviour, based on the medical model of psychopathology?

Section Ref: A Brief History of Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Discuss the history of psychopathology, specifically the historic theories of demonic possession and the medical or disease model.

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

20. Describe the implications of the medical model of psychopathology for the way we conceive mental health problems.

Section Ref: A Brief History of Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Discuss the history of psychopathology, specifically the historic theories of demonic possession and the medical or disease model.

Difficulty Level: Hard

Fill-in-the-blank

21. A(n) ____________ is a statistical concept representing the combined responses of a representative group, against which a subject is compared.

Section Ref: Defining Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and evaluate the various ways in which psychopathology has been defined.

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. In the area of intellectual disabilities, a(n) __________ score significantly below the norm of _________ has been used as a criterion for diagnosing intellectual disability.

Section Ref: Defining Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and evaluate the various ways in which psychopathology has been defined.

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

23. An IQ score of 70 is more common than an IQ score of 110.

Section Ref: Defining Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and evaluate the various ways in which psychopathology has been defined.

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. Deviation from the norm necessarily implies psychopathology.

Section Ref: Defining Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and evaluate the various ways in which psychopathology has been defined.

Difficulty Level: Easy

Multiple choice

25. According to your textbook, which of the following mental health problems is an example of learning disability?

a) Dyslexia

b) Autism Spectrum Disorder

c) Foetal alcohol syndrome

d) All of the above

Section Ref: Defining Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and evaluate the various ways in which psychopathology has been defined.

Difficulty Level: Medium

26. Which of the following conditions is characterized by slow reading, omissions or substitutions of words, poor comprehension and difficulty with written tasks?

a) Autism Spectrum Disorder

b) Dyslexia

c) Down syndrome

d) ADHD

Section Ref: Defining Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and evaluate the various ways in which psychopathology has been defined.

Difficulty Level: Medium

27. Which of the following methods of definition of psychopathology is increasingly considered as the most viable?

a) Defining psychopathology in terms of degree of distress expressed by the sufferer.

b) Defining psychopathology in terms of degree of distress expressed by the sufferer’s family and friends.

c) Defining psychopathology in terms of deviation from social norms.

d) Defining psychopathology in terms of deviation from statistical norms.

Section Ref: Defining Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and evaluate the various ways in which psychopathology has been defined.

Difficulty Level: Medium

28. There is often a tendency to label a behaviour indicative of a mental health problem in terms of deviation from _________ norms.

a) statistical

b) social

c) cultural

d) all of the above

Section Ref: Defining Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and evaluate the various ways in which psychopathology has been defined.

Difficulty Level: Medium

Fill-in-the-blank

29. IQ scores can be represented as a(n) __________ distribution curve.

Section Ref: Defining Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and evaluate the various ways in which psychopathology has been defined.

Difficulty Level: Medium

30. Only 2.27% of the population have an IQ score __________ than 132 points.

Section Ref: Defining Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and evaluate the various ways in which psychopathology has been defined. Easy

Multiple Choice

31. What type of processes make up our conception of the complete thinking and behaving human being?

a) Genetic

b) Psychological

c) Biological

d) All of the above

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Easy

32. Symptoms of mental health problems might be explained:

a) genetically

b) psychologically

c) behaviourally

d) all of the above

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Easy

33. What are the most important biological paradigms to understand psychopathology?

a) Genetics and chemistry

b) Genetics and epigenetics

c) Neuroscience and epigenetics

d) Neuroscience and genetics

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

34. The __________ model of psychopathology posits that mental health problems stem from an interaction between a genetic predisposition and our interactions with the environment.

a) genetic

b) neuroscientific

c) diathesis-stress

d) epigenetic

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

35. In the diathesis-stress model, what does ‘diathesis’ refer to?

a) Specific experiences that may trigger an inherited predisposition.

b) A combination of inherited predisposition and life experiences.

c) An inherited predisposition.

d) A measure of the extent to which symptoms can be accounted for by genetic factors.

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

36. Which of the following terms refers to the measure of the degree to which symptoms can be accounted for by genetic factors?

a) Heredity

b) Heritability

c) Inheritance

d) Genetics

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

37. Heritability can range from _______ to _______.

a) 0; 1

b) -1; 1

c) 0; 100

d) 0; 10

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

38. Symptom A has a heritability of 0.23, while symptom B has a heritability of 0.48. Which of the following statements provides an accurate interpretation of these data?

a) Genetic factors are more important in explaining symptom A rather than symptom B.

b) Genetic factors are more important in explaining symptom B rather than symptom A.

c) Genetic factors are equally important in explaining both symptoms.

d) Genetic factors do not play a role in influencing symptom A.

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

39. __________ looks at how early experiences can trigger or inhibit the expression of certain genes.

a) Psychiatry

b) Genetics

c) Epigenetics

d) Neuroscience

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

40. Which of the following paradigms seeks to understand psychopathology in terms of brain structure and function?

a) Neurology

b) Neuroscience

c) Neuroendocrinology

d) Neuropathology

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

41. What is the function of the neuroendocrine system?

a) Producing hormone secretions in the body.

b) Regulating body temperature.

c) Regulating executive functions such as planning and decision making.

d) Inhibiting impulsive behaviour.

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Easy

42. What is the main function of the frontal lobes?

a) Vision

b) Somatosensation

c) Motor control

d) Executive functions

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

43. Deficits in the _________ lobes can lead to lack of inhibition, euphoria, and aggressive behaviour.

a) occipital

b) temporal

c) frontal

d) parietal

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

Fill-in-the-blank

44. ___________ and ___________ are the most important biological paradigms to understand psychopathology.

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

45. The __________ model proposes that a mental health problems develops because of an interaction between a genetic predisposition and a variety of experiences that may trigger this inherited predisposition.

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

46. ___________ refers to the proportion of variance in a symptom that can be attributed by genes.

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

Short answer

47. What is the main focus of interest of the neuroscience paradigm in its attempt to understand the causes of psychopathology?

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

48. Which psychological model was first formulated by Sigmund Freud?

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

49. The temporal lobes are important in functions such as planning and decision making, inhibition, and error correction.

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Easy

50. Heritability measures the proportion of a trait caused by genes.

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

Multiple choice

51. Which of the following phrases reflects the psychodynamic approach to defining abnormal behaviour?

a) Abnormal behaviour is learned through the observation of societal norms.

b) Abnormal behaviour results from unconscious attempts to solve conflicts.

c) Abnormal behaviour is observed in other individuals we identify with.

d) Abnormal behaviour is a conscious choice to resolve internal conflicts.

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

52. Which of the following pairs consists of a CORRECT association of a psychodynamic force with its definition?

a) Id – rational thinking

b) Ego – moral standards

c) Id – instinctual needs

d) Superego – rational thinking

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

53. Which of the following forces is sexual activity driven by?

a) Ego

b) Id

c) Superego

d) Conscious

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

54. According to Freud, psychological health is maintained when:

a) the id’s needs are satisfied.

b) the ego exerts a control over the id.

c) id, ego, and superego are in balance.

d) the superego’s moral standards are respected.

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

55. Which of the following forces represents our attempts to integrate values that we learn from our parents or society?

a) Id

b) Ego

c) Superego

d) None of the above

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

56. Which of the following defence mechanisms consists of ascribing unwanted impulses to someone else?

a) Displacement

b) Repression

c) Denial

d) Projection

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

57. Which of the following Freudian defense mechanisms functions to reduce the amount of stress or conflict caused by specific experiences?

a) Denial

b) Regression

c) Repression

d) All of the above

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

58. _________ refers to the attempt of transforming impulses into something constructive, such as baking when feeling sad or angry.

a) Rationalization

b) Sublimation

c) Projection

d) Displacement

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

Short answer

59. According to Freud, what do people develop in order to control internal conflicts and reduce stress caused by external events?

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

60. What are the psychodynamic forces that shape an individual’s personality and may also generate psychopathology when not in balance?

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

61. Name three Freudian defence mechanisms.

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

Fill-in-the-blank

62. The defence mechanism of ___________ consists of suppressing bad memories or current thoughts that cause ___________.

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

63. According to Freud, the ___________ corresponds to instinctual needs, especially sexual needs.

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

64. Psychoanalysis is the most widely adopted current psychological model of psychopathology.

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Easy

65. Repression, projection, and rationalization are all different types of Freudian defence mechanisms.

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Easy

Multiple choice

66. __________ theorists propose that psychological disorders result largely from a combination of problematic learned behaviours and dysfunctional thought processes.

a) Psychodynamic

b) Cognitive-behavioural

c) Humanistic

d) Sociocultural

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

67. The behavioural perspective suggests that abnormal behaviour is learned through _________

a) internal conflicts

b) operant conditioning

c) dysfunctional thinking

d) low self-esteem

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

68. According to the __________ perspective, maladaptive beliefs and illogical thinking processes are at the heart of abnormal functioning.

a) psychodynamic

b) behavioural

c) cognitive

d) sociocultural

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

69. Which of the following theorists is associated to the cognitive model of psychopathology?

a) Ellis

b) Freud

c) Watson

d) Rogers

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

70. What famous experiment by Watson and Rayner (1920) demonstrated the acquisition of a phobia using classical conditioning?

a) The dog and the bell experiment

b) The Little Albert experiment

c) The Bobo doll experiment

d) None of the above

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

Short answer

71. What are the two most famous behavioural treatment methods?

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

72. What are the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus in the ‘Little Albert’ study by Watson and Rayner (1920)?

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

Fill-in-the-blank

73. According to the behavioural approach, psychopathology is the result of ‘faulty learning’ obtained through processes of either ___________ or ____________.

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

74. ‘Little Albert’ is an example of a ___________ conditioning study.

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

75. Describe the diathesis-stress model of psychopathology.

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

76. The aim of the humanistic-existentialist approach is to resolve psychological problems through insight, personal development, and self-actualization.

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Easy

77. In a client-centred therapy, the therapist uses empathy and unconditional positive regard to create a supportive climate in which the client is helped to acquire positive self-worth.

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Easy

78. The effectiveness of therapies based on the humanistic approach is easy to evaluate using empirical methodologies.

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

Multiple choice

79. According to the cognitive model, if a client reports dysfunctional thoughts such as “I am worthless”, “I will never be able to find happiness in my life”, they are more likely to suffer from:

a) anxiety

b) depression

c) anti-social personality disorder

d) social phobia

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Easy

80. Who developed the ‘client-centred therapy’?

a) Freud

b) Ellis

c) Watson

d) Rogers

Section Ref: Explanatory Approaches to Psychopathology

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main explanatory approaches to understanding psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

81. When was the first system for classifying psychopathology developed?

a) 1930s

b) 1950s

c) 1970s

d) 1990s

Section Ref: Classifying Mental Health Problems

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main approaches to classifying psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

82. The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is published by the __________.

a) American Psychological Association

b) American Psychiatric Society

c) World Health Organization

d) United Nations

Section Ref: Classifying Mental Health Problems

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main approaches to classifying psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

83. Currently the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is in its _________ edition, while the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is in its _________ edition.

a) first / second

b) second / first

c) fourth / tenth

d) tenth / fifth

Section Ref: Classifying Mental Health Problems

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main approaches to classifying psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

84. The leading classification system for mental disorders in the United Kingdom is the:

a) Clinical Guidebook to Psychological Disorders

b) Dysfunction and Symptomology Manual

c) Psychiatric Assessment and Treatment Compendium

d) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Section Ref: Classifying Mental Health Problems

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main approaches to classifying psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

85. Which of the following are important defining characteristics of a mental health problem according to the DSM?

a) Delusions and dissociation

b) Distress and disability

c) Distress and delusions

d) Disability and depression

Section Ref: Classifying Mental Health Problems

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main approaches to classifying psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

86. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) is published by the __________.

a) American Psychological Association

b) American Psychiatric Association

c) World Health Organization

d) United Nations

Section Ref: Classifying Mental Health Problems

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main approaches to classifying psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

87. Which of the following is a chapter in the DSM-5?

a) Personality Disorders

b) Anxiety Disorders

c) Elimination Disorders

d) All of the above

Section Ref: Classifying Mental Health Problems

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main approaches to classifying psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

88. What are the issues associated with the main classification systems of psychopathology?

Section Ref: Classifying Mental Health Problems

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main approaches to classifying psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Hard

Fill-in-the-blank

89. The first extensive system for classifying psychopathology was developed by the ___________ in 1939.

Section Ref: Classifying Mental Health Problems

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main approaches to classifying psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

Short answer

90. Name three chapters of the DSM-5.

Section Ref: Classifying Mental Health Problems

Learning Objective: Describe and compare the main approaches to classifying psychopathology.

Difficulty Level: Medium

91. Define ‘mental health stigma’.

Section Ref: Mental Health and Stigma

Learning Objective: Discuss the stigma that develop for people with mental health problems and the campaigns undertaken to counteract this stigma.

Difficulty Level: Medium

92. What campaign in the United Kingdom is one of the biggest programmes attempting to address mental health stigma?

Section Ref: Mental Health and Stigma

Learning Objective: Discuss the stigma that develop for people with mental health problems and the campaigns undertaken to counteract this stigma.

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

93. The media often perpetuates mental health stigma by disseminating stereotypes about people with mental health problems.

Section Ref: Mental Health and Stigma

Learning Objective: Discuss the stigma that develop for people with mental health problems and the campaigns undertaken to counteract this stigma.

Difficulty Level: Easy

94. Experiencing stigma has a detrimental effect on treatment outcomes and recovery.

Section Ref: Mental Health and Stigma

Learning Objective: Discuss the stigma that develop for people with mental health problems and the campaigns undertaken to counteract this stigma.

Difficulty Level: Easy

95. Studies have shown that stigmatizing attitudes towards people with mental health problems is now a rare phenomenon.

Section Ref: Mental Health and Stigma

Learning Objective: Discuss the stigma that develop for people with mental health problems and the campaigns undertaken to counteract this stigma.

Difficulty Level: Easy

Multiple choice

96. ___________ campaign is one of the biggest programmes to address mental health stigma in the United Kingdom.

a) Time for Action

b) Time to Act

c) Time to Change

d) Time for Changing

Section Ref: Mental Health and Stigma

Learning Objective: Discuss the stigma that develop for people with mental health problems and the campaigns undertaken to counteract this stigma.

Difficulty Level: Medium

97. What are the effects of mental health stigma?

a) It leads to discriminating behaviour towards individuals with mental health problems.

b) It leads to exclusion and poor social support.

c) It hinders efficient and effective recovery from mental health problems.

d) All of the above

Section Ref: Mental Health and Stigma

Learning Objective: Discuss the stigma that develop for people with mental health problems and the campaigns undertaken to counteract this stigma.

Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

98. Discuss some of the causes of social stigma associated with mental health problems.

Section Ref: Mental Health and Stigma

Learning Objective: Discuss the stigma that develop for people with mental health problems and the campaigns undertaken to counteract this stigma.

Difficulty Level: Medium

99. Discuss some of the effects of mental health stigma on people suffering from mental health problems.

Section Ref: Mental Health and Stigma

Learning Objective: Discuss the stigma that develop for people with mental health problems and the campaigns undertaken to counteract this stigma.

Difficulty Level: Medium

100. If you were to create a public campaign to contrast mental health stigma, what would you do to address the main issues associated with mental health stigma?

Section Ref: Mental Health and Stigma

Learning Objective: Discuss the stigma that develop for people with mental health problems and the campaigns undertaken to counteract this stigma.

Difficulty Level: Medium

Short answer

101. What does PTSD stand for?

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

102. According to the DSM-5, what cause of PTSD is also its defining factor?

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

Multiple choice

103. What is the lifetime prevalence of PTSD?

a) Between 3% and 5%

b) Between 1% and 3%

c) Between 10% and 13%

d) Between 10% and 15%

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

104. Which of the following statements on anxiety is ACCURATE?

a) Anxiety is always pathological.

b) Feeling anxious is never an adaptive response.

c) All people can feel anxious without necessarily having a diagnosis of anxiety disorder.

d) Only people predisposed to develop an anxiety disorder can feel anxious.

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

105. Which of the following is NOT a common physical symptom of anxiety?

a) Apathy

b) Dizziness

c) Shaking

d) Sweating

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Easy

106. A person suffering from anxiety will most likely report feeling:

a) hopeless

b) restless

c) alone

d) controlled

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

107. Difficulty swallowing, frequent diarrhoea, and difficulty getting to sleep are all symptoms most commonly associated with:

a) Mood disorders

b) Eating disorders

c) Anxiety disorders

d) Psychotic disorders

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

108. GAD stands for:

a) Greater Anxiety Disorder

b) Generic Anxiety Disorder

c) Grave Anxiety Disorder

d) Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Easy

109. The lifetime prevalence of GAD is estimated to be:

a) 4-7%

b) 1-3%

c) 5-10%

d) 7-10%

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

110. Genetic accounts of GAD suggest that first-degree relatives of individuals with GAD are ________ more likely to develop the same condition.

a) twice

b) three times

c) five times

d) six times

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

111. Which of the following biases is often observed in individuals with clinical anxiety?

a) Confirmation bias

b) Attentional bias

c) Belief bias

d) Attributional bias

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

112. ____________ refers to the tendency individuals to experience high levels of accountability for harm to others or negative outcomes.

a) Intolerance to uncertainty

b) Jumping to conclusions

c) Inflated responsibility

d) Perfectionism

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

113. Individuals with positive ___________ about worry think that worry is useful when dealing with perceived threats and problems.

a) beliefs

b) predisposition

c) bias

d) attitude

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

114. Discuss some of the principal cognitive factors associated with generalized anxiety disorder.

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Hard

115. Describe the symptoms of PTSD.

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Hard

Short answer

116. Define ‘attentional bias’.

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

117. What kinds of traumatic life events are associated with the post-traumatic stress disorder?

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

Fill-in-the-blank

118. Studies have found that people with ____________ anxiety disorder display a greater intolerance of uncertainty than people with normal degrees of anxiety.

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

119. Specific __________ present as fears that are out of proportion to the actual danger posed by the object or situation.

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

120. Situational phobias are the type of phobias with the highest prevalence rate.

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

Multiple choice

121. _________ principles provide the leading explanations for specific phobias.

a) Psychodynamic

b) Humanistic

c) Sociocultural

d) Behavioural

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

122. ___________ phobias are the most common subtype of specific phobias.

a) Situational

b) Animal

c) Natural environment

d) Blood-injection-injury

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

123. Among the situational phobias, ___________ has the highest prevalence rate.

a) claustrophobia

b) agoraphobia

c) fear of flying

d) fear of driving over a bridge

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

124. Which emotion has been associated with the small-animal and blood-injection-injury subtypes of phobias?

a) Surprise

b) Anger

c) Disgust

d) Sadness

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Easy

125. ________ are persistent thoughts, ideas, impulses, or images that seem to invade a person’s consciousness.

a) Compulsions

b) Obsessions

c) Delusions

d) Repressed memories

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

126. _________ are repetitive and rigid behaviours or mental acts that people feel compelled to perform in order to prevent or reduce anxiety.

a) Hallucinations

b) Delusions

c) Obsessions

d) Compulsions

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

127. What brain structure has been found to be involved in the development of OCD and OCD-related disorders?

a) Amygdala

b) Basal ganglia

c) Frontal lobes

d) Putamen

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

Short answer

128. Which neurotransmitters have been reported as candidate mechanisms in the development of OCD?

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

129. Why, in the context of OCD, are compulsions called ‘neutralizing behaviours’?

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

130. Name three cognitive factors thought to be important in the onset and maintenance of OCD.

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Hard

131. Feeling worthless, empty, and sad are all symptoms commonly associated to:

a) generalized anxiety disorder

b) major depressive disorder

c) specific phobias

d) schizophrenia

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Easy

132. Persistent depressive disorder is a chronic but less severe form of ____________.

a) major depressive disorder

b) bipolar disorder

c) cyclothymic disorder

d) panic disorder

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Easy

133. Persistent depressive disorder is characterized by a depressed or low mood for at least:

a) two weeks

b) two months

c) three months

d) two years

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

134. The major depressive disorder has a lifetime prevalence rate of approximately:

a) 2-4%

b) 4-10%

c) 10-20%

d) 15-20%

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

135. According to the DSM-5, an individual is likely to be diagnosed with MDD if _________ or more depressive symptoms are experienced over a __________ period.

a) two; 2-week

b) two; 2-month

c) five; 2-week

d) five; 2-month

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

136. How was the persistent depressive disorder previously called?

a) Dysthymia

b) Cyclothymic disorder

c) Minor depression

d) Bipolar disorder

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

137. __________ believe that people with severe depression acquire negative behaviours and think in dysfunctional ways that may cause and lock in their disorder.

a) Cognitive-behavioural theorists

b) Humanistic theorists

c) Psychodynamic theorists

d) Neuroscientists

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

138. According to Beck, major depressive disorder stems from:

a) dysfunctional attitudes

b) the negative triad

c) the cognitive bias

d) all of the above

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

139. Which of the following is NOT part of Beck’s cognitive triad?

a) Negative thoughts about the world

b) Negative thoughts about oneself

c) Negative thoughts about others

d) Negative thoughts about the future

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

140. Genetic accounts of depression suggest that __________ of the variance in symptoms of depression can be attributed to genetic factors.

a) 15%

b) 20%

c) 31%

d) 51%

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

141. What neurotransmitters have been found to be involved in the development of depression?

a) GABA and serotonin

b) Noradrenaline and serotonin

c) Noradrenaline and GABA

d) GABA and dopamine

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

Fill-in-the-blank

142. The _____________ theory of depression proposes that depression is associated with low levels of serotonin and noradrenaline.

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

143. Both the _____________ antidepressants and the _____________ inhibitors serve to increase the levels of serotonin and noradrenaline in the brain.

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Hard

Short answer

144. What is the proportion of people with depression who do not respond to antidepressants?

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Hard

145. Who proposed the most influential cognitive model of depression?

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

146. What is the ‘negative triad’ in Beck’s cognitive model of depression?

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

147. According to the monoamine theory of depression, individuals with depression have higher levels of serotonin and noradrenaline in the brain compared to people without depressive symptoms.

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

148. According to Beck’s cognitive account of depression, negative biases in the thinking of depressed people lead to a vicious cycle in which depression becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy.

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Easy

149. Men are more than twice as likely to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder than are women.

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Easy

Multiple choice

150. In Beck’s model of depression, individuals with depression have negative biases towards:

a) the world

b) the self

c) the future

d) all of the above

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Easy

151. ‘Everyone hates me because I am worthless’ is an example of negative bias towards:

a) the self

b) the world

c) the others

d) the future

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

152. Which of the following is classified as an eating disorder by the DSM-5?

a) Anorexia nervosa

b) Bulimia nervosa

c) Binge-eating disorder

d) All of the above

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Easy

153. Which of the following disorders is characterized by fear of weight gain, a distorted view of one own body shape, normal body weight, and recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by purging?

a) Bulimia nervosa

b) Anorexia nervosa

c) Binge-eating disorder

d) Bipolar disorder

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

154. In which of the following eating disorders is more likely that the sufferer is overweight?

a) Bulimia nervosa

b) Anorexia nervosa

c) Binge-eating disorder

d) None of the above

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

155. Which of the following eating disorders presents a subdivision of purging subtype versus nonpurging subtype?

a) Bulimia nervosa

b) Anorexia nervosa

c) Binge-eating disorder

d) All of the above

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

156. What comorbidity index was reported between anorexia and depression?

a) Approximately 20%

b) Approximately 30%

c) Approximately 50%

d) Approximately 60%

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

157. Binge-eating disorder is characterized by binge-eating behaviour followed by periods of purging (e.g. forced vomiting).

And: False

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Easy

158. In the nonpurging subtype of bulimia, individuals engage in fasting or excessive exercise to compensate for food consumed.

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Easy

159. Psychosis is synonym of possession.

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Easy

Short answer

160. What are the three types of eating disorders?

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

161. What kinds of symptoms are included in the collective name of ‘psychosis’?

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

Fill-in-the-blank

162. In psychotic disorders sufferers may experience sensory _________ and develop thinking biases that may lead to pervasive false beliefs or _________.

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

163. _________ are beliefs maintained despite their contents being contradicted by reality or rational arguments.

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

Multiple choice

164. Schizophrenia is a type of ________ disorder.

a) eating

b) mood

c) psychotic

d) anxiety

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Easy

165. Which of the following is NOT one of the five characteristics reported by the DSM-5 for diagnosing schizophrenia spectrum disorders?

a) Negative biases

b) Delusions

c) Disorganized thinking

d) Negative symptoms

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

166. _________ is a disorder in which people deteriorate into a world of unusual perceptions, odd thoughts, disturbed emotions, and motor abnormalities.

a) Agoraphobia

b) Antisocial personality disorder

c) Schizophrenia

d) Generalized anxiety disorder

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

167. Richard firmly believes that he is being plotted against, spied on, slandered, threatened, and attacked by his friends and family although there is a no evidence to support his beliefs. Richard is experiencing __________.

a) delusions of grandeur

b) delusions of persecution

c) hallucinations

d) repression

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

168. Perceptions that occur in the absence of external stimuli are known as __________.

a) hallucinations

b) delusions

c) obsessions

d) compulsions

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

169. The most common kind of hallucination experienced by schizophrenics are _________ hallucinations.

a) visual

b) auditory

c) gustation

d) olfactory

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

170. Schizophrenia has been linked to abnormally high levels of which neurotransmitter?

a) Serotonin

b) Norepinephrine

c) GABA

d) Dopamine

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

171. The lifetime prevalence rate for a diagnosis of schizophrenia is around:

a) 2-3%

b) 0.2-0.3%

c) 3-7%

d) 0.3-0.7%

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

172. What is the age group that is more affected by schizophrenia?

a) 15-20 years

b) 15-35 years

c) 20-30 years

d) 20-40 years

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

Fill-in-the-blank

173. People with a diagnosis of __________ experience psychosis, a loss of contact with reality.

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

Short answer

174. Describe the distinction between hallucinations and delusions.

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

175. Describe and give examples of the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Hard

176. Define the concept of catatonia.

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Hard

177. Describe the diathesis–stress explanation for schizophrenia.

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Hard

True/False

178. Delusions of grandeur are the most common delusions in schizophrenia.

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

179. Many theorists believe that people inherit a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia.

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Easy

180. Increasing dopamine activity helps reduce the symptoms of schizophrenia.

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Hard

Essay

181. Describe the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia.

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Hard

Multiple choice

182. In which modality can hallucinations occur?

a) Auditory

b) Olfactory

c) Tactile

d) All of the above

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Easy

183. What are the most common hallucinations reported by individuals with schizophrenia?

a) Visual hallucinations

b) Olfactory hallucinations

c) Auditory hallucinations

d) Tactile hallucinations

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

184. What is the most common form of disorganized speech in patients with schizophrenia?

a) Tangentiality

b) Derailment

c) Confabulation

d) Delusions

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

185. _________ refers to a significant decrease in reactivity to the environment.

a) Catatonic stupor

b) Catatonic rigidity

c) Catatonic negativism

d) Catatonic excitement

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

186. Patients with schizophrenia who show catatonic __________ resist any attempt to be moved.

a) stereotypy

b) excitement

c) stupor

d) delusions

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

187. Which of the following phenomena is considered a negative symptom of schizophrenia?

a) Catatonic stupor

b) Delusions

c) Loose associations

d) Lack of eye contact

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

188. What neurotransmitter is associated with a famous biological account of schizophrenia?

a) Serotonin

b) Dopamine

c) GABA

d) Acetylcholine

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

Short answer

189. Which two dopamine pathways are involved in the occurrence of psychotic symptoms?

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Hard

190. The activity of which dopamine pathway is specifically involved in the manifestation of positive symptoms of psychosis?

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Hard

Fill-in-the-blank

191. People with ___________ bias tend to attribute negative life events to external causes.

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Easy

192. ______________ is a type of attributional bias where individuals make a decision about the meaning or importance of an event on the basis of significantly less evidence than someone without a delusional disorder.

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

193. The two dopamine pathways originate in the ______________ area.

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Hard

Multiple choice

194. According to the DSM-5, a ____________ disorder is defined as ‘an enduring pattern of inner experience and behaviour that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture, is pervasive and inflexible, has an onset in adolescence or early adulthood, is stable over time, and leads to distress and impairment’.

a) dissociative

b) psychotic

c) mood

d) personality

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

195. The DSM-5 lists _______ independent personality disorders.

a) 5

b) 7

c) 10

d) 15

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

196. Which personality disorder is characterized by regular shifts in mood, impulsivity and temper tantrums, and an unstable self-image?

a) Borderline

b) Narcissistic

c) Antisocial

d) Paranoid

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

197. Which of the following disorders does NOT belong to Cluster B (i.e. dramatic/emotional personality disorders)?

a) Antisocial

b) Dependent

c) Borderline

d) Narcissistic

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

198. Prisoners are 10 times more likely to meet the diagnostic criteria for antisocial personality disorder compared than individuals in the general population.

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Easy

199. Unlike in the main anxiety disorders, anxious behaviour expressed by people in the anxious/fearful personality disorder cluster is a stable feature from late childhood to adulthood.

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium

200. Antisocial personality disorder and borderline personality disorder are both included in Cluster A of personality disorders, which also encompasses other odd and eccentric personality disorders.

Section Ref: Psychological Disorders

Learning Objective: Describe the important characteristics and possible causes of a range of common mental health problems, namely anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.

Difficulty Level: Medium