Love & Attraction – Ch13 | Test Bank – 2nd Edition

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Student name:__________

TRUE/FALSE - Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.
1) Pure lust is based solely on physical attraction and fantasy.

⊚ true
⊚ false

2) Standards of beauty and sexiness have remained unchanged over time.

⊚ true
⊚ false

3) The matching hypothesis suggests that people select romantic and sexual partners whose opinions and values match their own.

⊚ true
⊚ false

4) Sexual scripts connect personalities and bodies to what culture has taught people to perceive and respond to as sexy.

⊚ true
⊚ false

5) Sexual scripts help people to understand information about sexual nature, fantasies, sexual motivations, and physical attraction.

⊚ true
⊚ false

6) The love ideally shared between family members is a form of fatuous love.

⊚ true
⊚ false

7) According to Sternberg, infatuation is simply intimacy that is strong and long-lasting.

⊚ true
⊚ false

8) According to Sternberg's theory of love, companionate love is the complete form of love.

⊚ true
⊚ false

9) The absence of all three of Sternberg's components of love is known as empty love.

⊚ true
⊚ false

10) Romantic love is theorized to be the type of love associated with the "perfect couple."

⊚ true
⊚ false

11) Due to the high sexual charge and extreme passion, eros relationships tend to burn out quickly because the passion and sexuality cannot be maintained.

⊚ true
⊚ false

12) Good communication requires intentional listening, respect between the partners, and an attempt to understand and respond to needs effectively.

⊚ true
⊚ false

13) Offering encouragement and showing appreciation are examples of emotion work in relationships.

⊚ true
⊚ false

14) As people develop greater emotional literacy, they can become more comfortable with sexual vocabulary.

⊚ true
⊚ false

15) Nonverbal communication can serve the function of accenting a verbal message.

⊚ true
⊚ false

16) According to John Gottman, volatile couples find their happiness in their shared perception of the similarities between them.

⊚ true
⊚ false

17) Couples who have a validating style of problem solving enjoy more stable and longer-lasting relationships than volatile and conflict-avoiding couples.

⊚ true
⊚ false

18) Complaining can be a healthy factor in a relationship because each partner can express needs and possibly get them met.

⊚ true
⊚ false

19) Stonewalling is a characteristic of effective communication.

⊚ true
⊚ false

20) For a healthy relationship, saying no is a critical skill to learn.

⊚ true
⊚ false

MULTIPLE CHOICE - Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
21) Which of the following refers to the raw form of desire and attraction?

A) arousal
B) hate
C) friendship
D) love
E) lust

22) The _____ refers to a positive perception of someone based on physical attractiveness.

A) golem effect
B) halo effect
C) McClintock effect
D) doppler effect
E) Pygmalion effect

23) The "what is beautiful is good" stereotype is known as the

A) Pygmalion effect.
B) golem effect.
C) doppler effect.
D) halo effect.
E) McClintock effect.

24) When Rachel first sees Todd, she finds him very attractive. She thinks that he is both kind and intelligent. Which of the following explains Rachel's reaction?

A) halo effect
B) Pygmalion effect
C) doppler effect
D) Galatea effect
E) McClintock effect

25) _____ suggests that people select romantic and sexual partners based upon the other person's attractiveness.

A) Communication privacy management theory
B) The similarity-attraction hypothesis
C) The matching hypothesis
D) Attachment theory
E) The theory of homogamy

26) The theory of _____ states that we tend to be more attracted to people with whom we share characteristics such as attachment style, political and religious attitudes, socioeconomic status, level of education, and intelligence.

A) homogamy
B) monogamy
C) bigamy
D) polygamy
E) complementarity

27) _____ refers to the idea that opposites attract, that individuals are attracted to what's different in others.

A) Homogamy
B) Monogamy
C) Bigamy
D) Polygamy
E) Complementarity

28) Martin admits that one of the things that attracted him to his wife Janice was their shared religious devotion. They are both active members of their church. In addition, they are both quiet people who prefer spending time at home with their kids, and helping their small community. Martin and Janice's relationship illustrates which of the following?

A) heterogamy
B) homogamy
C) bigamy
D) polygamy
E) complementarity

29) According to Daryl Bem's controversial theory of sexual orientation,

A) people are attracted to what is unusual or exotic to them.
B) people will only behave according to the sexual script that society provides them.
C) same-sex couples do not experience love in the same way that heterosexual couples do.
D) sexual orientation is hardwired in every human's biology.
E) physical attractiveness is the primary component of same-sex attraction.

30) The idea that people learn sexual rules and roles to play that help them understand information about sexual nature, fantasies, sexual motivations, and physical attraction is referred to as

A) sexual script theory.
B) the similarity-attraction hypothesis.
C) the matching hypothesis.
D) communication privacy management theory.
E) emotion work.

31) _____ refers to the component of the triangular theory of love that includes feelings of closeness, connectedness, and bondedness.

A) Passion
B) Intimacy
C) Commitment
D) Infatuation
E) Nonlove

32) _____ refers to the component of the triangular theory of love that consists of the feelings and desires that lead to romance, physical attraction, and sexual consummation.

A) Passion
B) Intimacy
C) Commitment
D) Elation
E) Mania

33) _____ refers to the component of the triangular theory of love that consists of the feelings that lead one person to remain with another, and in the long term, the shared achievements and plans made with that partner.

A) Infatuation
B) Intimacy
C) Commitment
D) Passion
E) Attraction

34) _____ is characterized by pure passion.

A) Romantic love
B) Intimacy
C) Empty love
D) Infatuation
E) Fatuous love

35) _____ is characterized by commitment without intimacy or passion.

A) Romantic love
B) Companionate love
C) Fatuous love
D) Infatuation
E) Empty love

36) _____ bonds individuals emotionally through intimacy and physically through passionate arousal.

A) Fatuous love
B) Companionate love
C) Romantic love
D) Infatuation
E) Empty love

37) _____ is an intimate, nonpassionate type of love that is stronger than friendship because of the element of long-term commitment.

A) Fatuous love
B) Companionate love
C) Romantic love
D) Infatuation
E) Empty love

38) According to the theories of love, which of the following kinds of love does NOT contain the component of sexual desire?

A) fatuous love
B) infatuation
C) romantic love
D) companionate love
E) mania

39) _____ can be exemplified by a whirlwind courtship and marriage in which passion motivates a commitment without the stabilizing influence of intimacy.

A) Mania
B) Infatuation
C) Romantic love
D) Companionate love
E) Fatuous love

40) _____ is the complete form of love and represents an ideal relationship.

A) Consummate love
B) Empty love
C) Romantic love
D) Companionate love
E) Fatuous love

41) According to Sternberg, which of the following types of love is associated with the "perfect couple"?

A) empty love
B) romantic love
C) consummate love
D) companionate love
E) fatuous love

42) _____ is the absence of all three of Sternberg's components of love, so it is not represented in the triangle.

A) Empty love
B) Nonlove
C) Infatuation
D) Mania
E) Fatuous love

43) According to Lee's styles of love theory, which of the following is the primary love style that is based on beauty and sexuality?

A) ludus
B) storge
C) eros
D) pragma
E) agape

44) According to Lee's styles of love theory, which of the following is the primary love style that is based on entertainment and excitement?

A) ludus
B) storge
C) eros
D) pragma
E) agape

45) According to Lee's styles of love theory, which of the following is the primary love style that is based on peace and friendship?

A) ludus
B) pragma
C) eros
D) storge
E) agape

46) According to Lee's styles of love, _____ lovers focus on physical beauty, attraction, and passionate love.

A) ludus
B) eros
C) pragma
D) storge
E) traditional

47) _____ lovers place great value on sexual desire and sexual interaction in their relationships.

A) Eros
B) Pragma
C) Ludus
D) Storge
E) Companionate

48) According to Lee's styles of love, the _____ lovers have an idealized image of beauty that cannot be attained in reality and are highly sensitive to the imperfections of their partner.

A) ludus
B) companionate
C) pragma
D) storge
E) eros

49) _____ lovers are those who see love as a game and are more interested in the quantity than the quality of relationships.

A) Eros
B) Pragma
C) Ludus
D) Storge
E) Agape

50) Identify the love style in which the focus is on having fun in the moment.

A) eros
B) ludus
C) pragma
D) storge
E) agape

51) _____ lovers thrive on relationships born out of deep friendship.

A) Eros
B) Pragma
C) Ludus
D) Storge
E) Companionate

52) Sex in _____ love comes later in the relationship; and when it does come, it usually assumes no great importance.

A) ludus
B) storge
C) pragma
D) companionate
E) eros

53) _____ lovers seek compatibility and choose partners who are similar to themselves.

A) Eros
B) Mania
C) Pragma
D) Agape
E) Helios

54) _____ lovers approach their relationships in a business-like fashion and look for partners with whom they can share common goals.

A) Pragma
B) Mania
C) Eros
D) Agape
E) Helios

55) Which of the following love styles is based on practicality and compatibility?

A) helios
B) mania
C) eros
D) agape
E) pragma

56) Which of the following love styles is based on elation and depression?

A) helios
B) agape
C) eros
D) mania
E) pragma

57) Which of the following love styles is based on selflessness and compassion?

A) helios
B) agape
C) eros
D) mania
E) pragma

58) Which of the following love styles is considered a spiritual love, offered without concern for personal reward or gain?

A) helios
B) agape
C) pragma
D) mania
E) eros

59) Identify the love style in which possessiveness and jealousy are common issues.

A) storge
B) mania
C) pragma
D) agape
E) eros

60) According to Lee's styles of love, which of the following is the downside of pragma relationships?

A) Both partners are required to be selfless and egoless.
B) Both partners feel insecure and suffer from low self-esteem.
C) Too much importance is placed on sex and passion.
D) Too little importance is placed on social qualities and the practicality of the relationship.
E) Too little importance is placed on the emotional bond in the relationship.

61) Which of the following styles of love is all about giving?

A) storge
B) mania
C) agape
D) pragma
E) eros

62) _____ lovers love intensely and can be insecure about the loss of the love, which means they may experience fear that prevents them from enjoying relationships.

A) Storge
B) Mania
C) Agape
D) Pragma
E) Eros

63) Which of the following is a combination of ludus and storge?

A) mana
B) mania
C) agape
D) pragma
E) eros

64) Which of the following love styles is a combination of eros and ludus?

A) mania
B) helios
C) agape
D) pragma
E) storge

65) Which of the following is a combination of eros and storge?

A) mania
B) helios
C) pragma
D) agape
E) ludus

66) Tiffany believes that love should be as it is in the movies. She thinks that her ideal mate is someone with whom she feels an immediate physical chemistry. She believes that her marriage will be one big, lasting honeymoon. Which of the following love styles characterizes Tiffany?

A) eros
B) storge
C) pragma
D) agape
E) ludus

67) Tim is often called a "player" by his friends because he never stays with one lover for long. His relationship history is full of one-night stands and short, torrid affairs until he moves on to his next conquest. Identify the love style that best characterizes Tim.

A) eros
B) storge
C) pragma
D) agape
E) ludus

68) Bart and Bertha say that the growth of their romantic relationship was a gradual process. They were initially best friends, and eventually fell in love. According to Lee, which of the following love styles characterizes Bart and Bertha's relationship?

A) eros
B) pragma
C) storge
D) agape
E) ludus

69) Alan wants to find a partner who is compatible with him. Although he agrees that romantic attraction is important, he places a higher value on the practicality of the relationship. He wants a partner who his family approves of and someone who is willing stay at home and take care of his family while he goes to work. Identify the love style that characterizes Alan.

A) eros
B) pragma
C) storge
D) agape
E) ludus

70) Stewart is very possessive of his girlfriend Belinda. He often gets jealous when she talks to other men. Although Stewart is very attentive, Belinda complains that he does have a tendency to become too "clingy." Which of the following love styles characterizes Stewart?

A) eros
B) pragma
C) storge
D) agape
E) mania

71) According to Lee's styles of love, which of the following types of lovers love without expecting to receive anything in return?

A) eros
B) agape
C) storge
D) pragma
E) mania

72) According to the teachings of spiritual leaders such as Jesus, Buddha, and Gandhi, love should be unconditional and selfless. John Alan Lee characterized this sort of love as

A) eros.
B) pragma.
C) storge.
D) agape.
E) mania.

73) _____ refers to a theory developed by Ainsworth that helps to explain how we bond with caregivers during infancy and childhood.

A) Attachment theory
B) The similarity-attraction hypothesis
C) The matching hypothesis
D) Communication privacy management theory
E) The theory of homogamy

74) Which of the following attachment styles is associated with a wide variety of positive relationship characteristics?

A) discordant
B) disorganized
C) avoidant
D) anxious
E) secure

75) Trust, commitment, intimacy, self-confidence, and a willingness to self-disclose are all characteristics of _____ attachment.

A) discordant
B) disorganized
C) secure
D) anxious
E) avoidant

76) Which of the following attachment styles is characterized by a person who has a negative view of self and a positive view of others?

A) fearful-avoidant
B) disorganized
C) secure
D) preoccupied
E) dismissively avoidant

77) Stephanie often feels anxious about her relationship with her boyfriend David. She is highly dependent on him. Although David often verbally abuses and humiliates her, Stephanie still invests a significant amount of energy toward maintaining the relationship. Which of the following attachment styles does Stephanie have?

A) fearful-avoidant
B) preoccupied
C) secure
D) disorganized
E) dismissively avoidant

78) Identify the attachment style that is exemplified by a person who has highly negative views of both self and others.

A) fearful-avoidant
B) preoccupied
C) secure
D) disorganized
E) dismissively avoidant

79) Harry does not have many close friends, and he has never been in a serious relationship. He is socially avoidant and often referred to as a "loner." Intimate relationships make him feel vulnerable to pain and rejection. Identify the attachment style that Harry most likely has.

A) disorganized
B) preoccupied
C) secure
D) fearful-avoidant
E) dismissively avoidant

80) Tracy places very little value in intimacy. She is not willing to sacrifice her independence and autonomy for any sort of relationship. Which of the following types of attachment styles does Tracy have?

A) disorganized
B) preoccupied
C) secure
D) fearful-avoidant
E) dismissively avoidant

81) Which of the following relationship styles is exemplified by people who have a positive view of self and a negative view of others?

A) disorganized
B) dismissively avoidant
C) secure
D) fearful-avoidant
E) preoccupied

82) Which of the following refers to an individual's attempt to change an emotion or feeling?

A) passive listening
B) stonewalling
C) emotional intelligence
D) emotional literacy
E) emotion work

83) Listening closely to what someone has to say and expressing empathy with another person's feelings (even when they are not shared) are examples of

A) emotion work.
B) stonewalling.
C) the preoccupied attachment style.
D) empty love.
E) passive listening.

84) In the midst of a disagreement, John and Jane are both able to acknowledge and accept each other's emotions even though they don't necessarily agree with those emotions. According to John Gottman, which of the following styles of communication are John and Jane using?

A) ineffective
B) conflict-avoiding
C) volatile
D) validating
E) defensive

85) According to John Gottman, which of the following types of couples resolve conflicts through calm discussion and compromise?

A) abusive couples
B) conflict-avoiding couples
C) validating couples
D) volatile couples
E) defensive couples

86) According to John Gottman, which of the following kinds of couples appear to thrive on constant conflict?

A) abusive couples
B) conflict-avoiding couples
C) validating couples
D) volatile couples
E) defensive couples

87) Harold and Christie both believe that their marriage should strengthen and protect their individuality. They have big fights, but they make up in a big way as well. They are usually not afraid to discuss their positive and negative feelings about each other. According to John Gottman, which of the following communication styles do Harold and Christie have?

A) volatile
B) conflict-avoiding
C) validating
D) abusive
E) defensive

88) Julio and Maria have only had a handful of fights in their five years of marriage. Usually they are happy to leave their disagreements unresolved and focus on their similarities. According to John Gottman, which of the following communication styles do Julio and Maria have?

A) volatile
B) conflict-avoiding
C) validating
D) abusive
E) defensive

89) According to John Gottman, which of the following thrive on the mantra "let it go" and truly find happiness with their lack of conflict resolution?

A) volatile couples
B) defensive couples
C) validating couples
D) conflict-resolving couples
E) conflict-avoiding couples

90) According to John Gottman, which of the following is key for the success of relationships when it comes to communication?

A) Conflicts should be resolved by the person who has the dominant role in the relationship.
B) There should be an equal amount of positive and negative interactions.
C) Conflicts should be completely avoided.
D) The ratio between positive and negative interactions should be 5:1.
E) Couples should minimize communication in order to avoid conflicts.

91) Which of the following is an ineffective mode of communication between couples?

A) complaint
B) criticism
C) conflict-avoidance
D) validation
E) active listening

92) Which of the following involves attacking someone's personality or character rather than a specific behavior or event?

A) criticizing
B) complaining
C) stonewalling
D) validating
E) active listening

93) During dinner at home, Priya tells Rajesh, "We don't go out with friends as often as we used to. I miss that." This is an example of

A) a criticism.
B) a validating couple.
C) stonewalling.
D) a complaint.
E) conflict avoidance.

94) Which of the following refers to the intention to insult and psychologically abuse someone?

A) stonewalling
B) complaint
C) contempt
D) validation
E) criticism

95) Which of the following is a sign of defensiveness in interactions between couples?

A) insults and name-calling
B) physical abuse
C) passive listening
D) stonewalling
E) cross-complaining

96) During a disagreement with her partner, Tara disengages from the interaction both verbally and nonverbally and becomes silent. This is an example of

A) validating.
B) criticizing.
C) active listening.
D) stonewalling.
E) cross-complaining.

97) For Gottman, _____ is the final event in a deteriorating relationship, as it can lead to one or both partners deciding that the relationship is broken beyond repair.

A) stonewalling
B) cross-complaining
C) validating
D) active listening
E) criticizing

98) Which of the following is an effective method of improving communication?

A) stonewalling
B) engaging in active listening
C) engaging in passive listening
D) criticizing
E) cross-complaining

99) Reminding partners that you admire, respect, and empathize with them even though you may not agree with their perspective is an example of what John Gottman calls

A) stonewalling.
B) sexual scripts.
C) repair mechanisms.
D) cross-complaining.
E) fatuous love.

FILL IN THE BLANK. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
100) The _____-attraction hypothesis suggests that the more similar two individuals are, the greater the attraction between them will be.

101) The exotic becomes _____ theory states that people are attracted to what is unusual to them.

102) Individual tastes, desires, arousal, and expressions in sex and love have been called love _____.

103) Sexual characteristics, when constructed into something that guides our actions internally and interpersonally, have been referred to as sexual _____.

104) Sternberg's _____ theory of love suggests that people can have varying degrees of intimacy, passion, and commitment at any one time in their romantic relationships.

105) The component of the triangular theory of love that consists of the feelings and desires that lead to romance, physical attraction, and sexual consummation is referred to as _____.

106) The theory of love that centers on the idea that people have a style of how they approach love in romantic relationships was developed by John Alan _____.

107) Developed by Ainsworth, _____ theory helps to explain how we bond with caregivers during infancy and childhood.

108) _____ literacy is the capacity to perceive and to express feelings.

109) The idea that the revelation of private information in a relationship has the potential to leave individuals feeling vulnerable or resentful regarding the shared information is part of communication privacy _____ theory.

ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
110) Discuss the most common reasons for the dissolution of relationships.

111) What are some of the obstacles to meaningful conversations about sexuality? How can these be alleviated?

112) What functions does nonverbal communication serve?

113) What is communication privacy management theory? What are some pros and cons of disclosing private information in a relationship?

114) Tina and Derek are in couple's therapy, where Tina complains to the therapist that Derek does not listen to her. It often makes her feel that he simply does not care about her. What are some of the strategies that Derek can use to become a better listener?

115) What is the difference between volatile and conflict-avoiding couples? Illustrate your answer with examples.

116) What is a difference between complaint and criticism? Which can be detrimental to a relationship, and why?

117) According to John Gottman, which mode of ineffective communication includes insults, name-calling, and hostile humor? What is the effect of this kind of communication on a relationship?

118) Describe some of the common signs of defensiveness in interactions between couples. Illustrate your answer with examples.

119) Illustrate the importance of saying "no" in a relationship. What are some of the strategies couples can use to refuse consent while avoiding hurt?