Legumes Levetin Chapter 13 Test Bank

Plants and Society, 8e (Levetin)

Chapter 13 Legumes

1) Legumes are high in protein because of which of the following attributes?

A) their ability to extract nitrogen from organic matter in the soil.

B) large amounts of nitrogen fertilizer used in their cultivation.

C) their association with nitrogen-fixing bacteria growing in root nodules.

D) their ability to remove nitrogen from the atmosphere.

E) None of the above are correct.

2) Most legumes share very similar flower and fruit structures. The fruit is commonly classified as which one of the following?

A) pod

B) umbel

C) raceme

D) nut

E) None of the above are correct

3) The average amount of protein in beans is ________ percent.

A) 5

B) 10

C) 15

D) 20

E) 25

4) Which of the following is not a correct match?

A) Adzuki beans :: Vigna angularis

B) Chickpeas :: Cicer arietinum

C) Navy beans :: Phaseolus vulgaris

D) Pinto beans :: Phaseolus vulgaris

E) All of the above are correct matches.

5) A disease associated with eating Windsor beans is ________.

A) hemolytic anemia

B) marasmus

C) type 2 diabetes

D) hemophilia

E) rickets

6) Rhizobium and other nitrogen fixing bacteria can reduce atmospheric nitrogen to which of the following?

A) ammonia.

B) ammonium.

C) nitrate.

D) nitrite.

E) all of these.

7) Which of the following is correct?

A) Nitrogen is an important element in amino acids, proteins, and cholesterol.

B) Plants lacking a symbiotic nitrogen-fixing partner must rely on nitrogen compounds in the soil.

C) Most commercial fertilizers contain nodules with nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

D) A positive effect of nitrogen fertilizer application is that it can cause huge population increases of algae called "algal blooms."

E) Humans have had little impact on the nitrogen cycle, even with the burning of fossil fuels.

8) Nitrifying bacteria convert ________ to ________.

A) nitrate; nitrite

B) ammonium; nitrate

C) ammonium; nitrite

D) nitrate; ammonium

E) nitrite; ammonium

9) How has the anthropogenic input of nitrogen had negative effects?

A) Acid rain is produced.

B) Global warming has increased.

C) Dead zones caused by algal blooms are increasing.

D) It has contributed to the world population boom.

E) All of these are negative effects caused by anthropogenic inputs of nitrogen.

10) This legume is native to India, can tolerate drought conditions and has been cultivated for over 3000 years. This legume is which of the following?

A) Vicia faba

B) Pisum sativum

C) Phaseolus vulgaris

D) Cajanus cajan

E) Arachis hypogea

11) The peanut, Arachis hypogaea, is a very unusual plant because of which of the following?

A) After pollination, the flower stalk elongates and pushes the developing fruit into the soil.

B) The erect bean stalk can reach over 30 meters in height.

C) The embryo has only one cotyledon.

D) The peanut butter is nutritionally superior to almond butter.

E) None of the above are correct.

12) What is one disadvantage of planting hybrid seed?

A) Seed must be purchased anew each time there is a planting.

B) Hybrid plants are less vigorous.

C) Yields are less than with non-hybrid plants.

D) Hybrid plants are more susceptible to diseases.

E) All of these are disadvantages to planting hybrid seed.

13) This legume, also called groundnuts, are originally native to South America.

A) Vicia faba

B) Pisum sativum

C) Phaseolus vulgaris

D) Cajanus cajan

E) Arachis hypogaea

14) The development and popularity of the peanut is due mostly to the efforts of whom?

A) Barbara McClintock

B) Charles Darwin

C) George Washington Carver

D) Engelbert Kaempfer

E) Jorge Moche

15) How is olive oil different from other types of plant-based oils?

A) It can be used as a fuel for lighting lamps.

B) The oil is extracted from the fruit.

C) It is the most used of all of the plant-based oils.

D) It is extracted from a gymnosperm.

E) None of the above are correct.

16) Which of the following oils has the lowest levels of saturated fats and highest levels of monounsaturated fats?

A) olive oil

B) sunflower oil

C) peanut oil

D) canola oil

E) coconut oil

17) Which of the following oils is not correctly paired with the type of oil it is?

A) sunflower :: nondrying

B) soy :: drying

C) castor bean :: nondrying

D) sunflower :: semidrying

E) tung :: drying

18) The cultivated peanut is known to be a natural hybrid of two wild diploid species:

A) Arachis duranensis and Arachis ipaensis

B) Arachis duranensis and arachnids

C) Aesclepias tuborosa and Arachis ipaensis

D) Glycine max and Arachis ipaensis

E) None of the above are correct.

19) ________ oil is a replacement for petroleum in the production of inks.

A) Sunflower

B) Lesquerella

C) Soy

D) Tung

E) Olive

20) The base oil for biodiesel fuel is ________ oil.

A) sunflower

B) lesquerella

C) soy

D) tung

E) olive

21) Soybeans cannot be eaten raw because of the presence of a trypsin inhibitor. What does trypsin do?

A) It mediates the production of ATP.

B) It is an enzyme used in the breakdown of proteins.

C) It is important in the production of HDL.

D) It binds oxygen to hemoglobin.

E) It activates several hormones.

22) Which of the following is not a soy product?

A) tofu

B) tempeh

C) edamame

D) dal

E) All of these are soy products.

23) Which of the following is a health benefit derived from the consumption of isoflavones?

A) lower LDL levels

B) reduced risk of osteoporosis

C) inhibition of tumor formation

D) reduced symptoms of menopause

E) All of these are health benefits derived from the consumption of isoflavones

24) Which of the following was the legume used by Gregor Mendel in his experiments?

A) Vicia faba.

B) Pisum sativum.

C) Phaseolus vulgaris.

D) Cajanus cajan.

E) Arachis hypogea.

25) The Leucaena leucocephala tree has a number of beneficial characteristics, one of which is the following:

A) It is widely distributed throughout North America.

B) Its pods can be used to create a "mother's milk" for babies.

C) The tree can be grown for multipurpose wood (for lumber, furniture, construction, and pulp).

D) Its flower can be used as an insecticide.

E) None of the above are a beneficial characteristic.

26) Which of the following species is not matched correctly with its common name?

A) Pisum sativum - garden pea

B) Arachis hypogea - peanut

C) Vicia faba - lead tree

D) Glycine max - soybean

E) Medicago sativa - alfalfa

27) Which one of the following is not one of the many uses of Leucaena leucocephala?

A) edible seeds

B) firewood

C) making furniture

D) restoring soil fertility

E) producing lecithin

28) The most widely grown forage legume is which of the following?

A) Pisum sativum

B) Arachis hypogea

C) Vicia faba

D) Glycine max

E) Medicago sativa

29) How is alfalfa an important tool in biotechnology?

A) Its cells readily incorporate novel genes.

B) It is easy to cross alfalfa with almost any other plant.

C) Its DNA hybridizes with animal DNA.

D) Its cells clone easily.

E) None of the above are correct.

30) Psophocarpus tetragonolobus is a potentially valuable legume because of which of the following characteristics?

A) It grows rapidly and produces versatile wood.

B) The oil can be used for producing ink and a lubricant.

C) All parts of the plant are edible and nutritious.

D) It can grow in a wide variety of climates.

E) It can fix nitrogen without Rhizobium.

31) This legume may have helped the Pilgrims of Plymouth Colony survive and produces golf ball-sized tubers. This legume is which of the following?

A) Psophocarpus tetragonolobus

B) Apios americana

C) Arachis hypogea

D) Vicia faba

E) Glycine max

32) This legume is grown mainly in Mesoamerica and is a tropical vine. The part eaten is the tuberous roots. This legume is called:

A) jicama

B) groundnut

C) carob

D) tamarind

E) tuba-root

33) The Indian drink, kheer, is made from which of the following?

A) jicama

B) rice

C) carob

D) tamarind

E) tuba-root

34) Henry Ford once built a car that had a plastic body made from ________ oil.

A) peanut

B) sunflower

C) olive

D) soy

E) castor bean

35) Which of the following is not correct?

A) Dozens of types of peas and beans are valued for their lipid content, not their protein content.

B) The protein content of soybeans is one of the highest of all crops.

C) Legumes can serve as forage crops.

D) Legumes can serve as "green manure."

E) The jicama is cultivated largely in Mexico, and Central America.

36) Which of the following types of oil can form a thin waterproof, elastic film?

A) drying

B) semidrying

C) nondrying

D) wetting

E) All of these types of oil can form a thin waterproof, elastic film

37) ________ oil is a drying oil used by ancient Egyptians to waterproof coffins.

A) Canola

B) Linseed

C) Palm

D) Sunflower

E) Soy

38) Sixty percent of the soybean genome consists of which of the following?

A) exons.

B) introns.

C) transposons.

D) point mutations.

E) regulatory DNA.

39) The Mexican "turnip" is actually which of the following?

A) soybean

B) yam bean

C) jicama

D) groundnuts

E) alfalfa

40) Which legume is considered the "Cinderella Crop"?

A) peas

B) lentils

C) green beans

D) soybeans

E) string beans

41) Which of the following forms of nitrogen is most commonly absorbed by plants?

A) nitrates

B) nitrites

C) nitrogen oxide

D) ammonium

E) nitrogen gas

42) What is the food-storing part of a leguminous seed?

A) the pod

B) the cotyledons

C) the seed coat

D) the germ

E) axils

43) What soybean product is made from curds of soy milk?

A) soy sauce

B) textured vegetable protein

C) tofu

D) miso

E) cellulose polyesters

44) Which leguminous tree has been nicknamed "Jack's beanstalk" because of its amazing growth rate?

A) winged bean

B) leucaena

C) groundnut

D) lesquerella

E) soybean

45) The best plant sources of protein are the legumes.

46) Legumes are members of the bean family, Fabaceae, which also includes alfalfa, clover, and corn.

47) Soybeans are often rotated with corn in the Corn Belt region of the United States in order to enrich the soil.

48) Ecologists recommend planting fast-growing leguminous trees to reclaim eroded or barren areas.

49) Anthropogenic sources of fixed nitrogen are roughly half the amounts contributed by all other natural sources.

50) Olive oil is derived from fruits unlike most plant oils that come from seeds.

51) The most unsaturated oils have the slowest drying time.

52) Soybeans have been transformed into a variety of food products. For this reason they are increasing their caloric impact on the Western diet.

53) Legumes are second only to the cereals in their importance to human nutrition.

54) Legumes are an excellent source of high-quality protein.

55) Bacteria found in nodules in the roots of legumes can convert atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates, a form usable to plants by a process known as nitrogen ________.

56) ________ is a popular American food made from grinding up the seeds of a legume; It was originally invented as a health food.

57) ________ are legumes which have a higher protein content than lean beef.

58) ________ is a relatively non-polluting fuel developed from vegetable oils that can substitute for petroleum-derived products.