Learner Differences And Learning Needs Full Test Bank Ch4 - Educational Psychology 7e Canadian Test Bank by Anita Woolfolk. DOCX document preview.
Woolfolk et al., Educational Psychology, 7th Canadian edition
Chapter 4: Learner Differences and Learning Needs
Multiple Choice Questions
- The practice of labelling exceptional students within an educational context
A) is detrimental and should not be continued.
B) is far more beneficial than harmful and definitely need to be continued.
C) has both positive and negative effects and needs to be exercised cautiously.
D) should be used only with physical handicaps that do not affect mental or emotional functioning.
Page Ref: 111-112
Skill: Knowledge
- The major difference between a disability and a handicap is that a disability is an inability to do something specific, such as being unable to hear or to walk, while a handicap
A) has both advantages and disadvantages.
B) is a disadvantage in certain situations.
C) is a disadvantage in most situations.
D) will become a disability.
Page Ref: 112
Skill: Knowledge
- Which of the following is the best example of “people-first” language?
A) Learning disabled students
B) High ability learner
C) Students receiving special education
D) An epileptic
Page Ref: 113
Skill: Knowledge
- Racial and ethnic minority students tend to be overrepresented in disability categories and underrepresented in gifted programs. Which of the following is NOT a likely cause?
A) Requiring teachers to gather too much information before making referrals.
B) Unrepresentative and unresponsive pedagogical practices.
C) Lack of opportunity for teachers to acquire knowledge for effectively working with diverse ethnic groups.
D) Systemic biases about cultural difference.
Page Ref: 113-114
Skill: Knowledge
- Alan performs well on most academic and learning tasks, but he has some difficulty on a test involving memorization of numbers. Which of the following statements best represent an explanation using Charles Spearman's theory of intelligence?
A) Alan has a high g factor but has problems with specific abilities.
B) Alan has good specific abilities but lacks a strong g factor.
C) Alan is skilled in learning but unskilled in memory.
D) Alan lacks the general intellectual capacity to perform math well.
Page Ref: 114
Skill: Understanding
- Which one of the following statements is most accurately represents the most accepted view of intelligence?
A) It is generally regarded today to be a poor predictor of academic achievement.
B) It is theorized to be a hierarchy of abilities by many psychologists.
C) The first formal intelligence testing was conducted by Plato.
D) Throughout history there has been general agreement about its meaning.
Page Ref: 114-115
Skill: Knowledge
- According to the work of Cattell and Horn (1963, 1988), there are two types of intelligence:
A) Fluid and contextualized
B) Fluid and crystallized
C) Interpersonal and intrapersonal
D) Verbal and mathematical
Page Ref: 114-115
Skill: Knowledge
- A teacher who knows how to effectively use cooperative learning in his or her classroom is demonstrating
A) naturalist intelligence.
B) speed of processing.
C) linguistic intelligence.
D) crystallized intelligence.
Page Ref: 115
Skill: Knowledge
- The theory that defines intelligence as encompassing at least eight separate kinds of intelligence is
A) Binet's theory of school-related intelligences.
B) Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences.
C) Spearman's g factor concept.
D) Sternberg's components view of intelligence.
Page Ref: 115
Skill: Knowledge
- Which of the following tasks or processes primarily involves bodily-kinesthetic intelligence?
A) Carlos writes song lyrics and music for his band.
B) Paige demonstrates the steps for pitching a softball with precision.
C) Monroe usually finishes his geometry assignments before anyone else in class.
D) Simone draws the map for her group’s project.
Page Ref: 116
Skill: Understanding
- All children in Ms. Gray's math class can now solve subtraction problems, but Larry does them much more quickly and efficiently than most of his classmates. Sternberg would call this
A) automaticity.
B) flexibility.
C) insight.
D) meta-components.
Page Ref: 119
Skill: Understanding
- Which psychologist developed the concept of mental age?
A) Alfred Binet
B) Howard Gardner
C) Robert Sternberg
D) David Wechsler
Page Ref: 120
Skill: Knowledge
- A five-year-old is found to have a mental age of seven on Binet's original IQ test. What is the estimate of the child's intelligence quotient?
A) 115
B) 130
C) 140
D) 170
Page Ref: 120
Skill: Knowledge
- An intelligence quotient is a
A) score comparing mental and chronological age.
B) score derived from a group achievement test.
C) way of expressing an individual's mental age.
D) way to compare mental age with cognitive level.
Page Ref: 120
Skill: Knowledge
- A deviation IQ score indicates
A) how a person compares with others in his/her age group.
B) how close mental age is to chronological age.
C) the degree of how well mental age is related to a particular cognitive level.
D) the difference between scores on group and individual IQ tests.
Page Ref: 120
Skill: Knowledge
- Compared to individual ability tests, a major limitation of group ability tests is that group tests
A) are more expensive to administer and more difficult to interpret than individual ability tests.
B) are less likely to produce an accurate picture of a person's abilities.
C) provide a measure of general, but not specific, abilities.
D) take much more skill on the part of the teacher to administer and interpret.
Page Ref: 120
Skill: Knowledge
- Approximately what percent of the general population scores over 100 on a standardized IQ test?
A) 20
B) 50
C) 70
D) 80
Page Ref: 120
Skill: Knowledge
- Which teacher seems to have the right idea about the interpretation and use of IQ test scores?
A) Monnie’s score is 2 points higher than Phil’s, so I expect greater achievement from her.
B) Deloris took the IQ test with her class in fourth grade, so I know I can trust the accuracy of her score.
C) Germaine’s score of 94 suggests that he may struggle, but I need to look at other indicators as well.
D) Kevin’s IQ is 97, so I know not to expect higher achievement from him than the measure of his innate intelligence.
Page Ref: 121
Skill: Knowledge
- Most psychologists today believe that intelligence is influenced
A) about equally by heredity and environment.
B) about 25 percent by heredity and 75 percent by environment.
C) about 75 percent by heredity and 25 percent by environment.
D) minimally by both heredity and environment.
Page Ref: 123
Skill: Knowledge
- What type of learning style characterizes a person who is motivated to learn by external rewards and the desire to be viewed in a good light by others?
A) Analytic-processing
B) Deep-processing
C) Pattern-processing
D) Surface-processing
Page Ref: 124
Skill: Knowledge
- Which of the following is NOT a caution offered by Woolfolk about the use of the term “learning styles”?
A) Younger students may not be the best judges of how they should learn.
B) The term does not reflect research in this area, and therefore “learning preferences” is a more accurate label.
C) Instruments for assessing students’ learning preferences lack evidence of reliability and validity.
D) Students should avoid being put in situations where their learning preference is not accommodated for.
Page Ref: 124-125
Skill: Knowledge
- Lewis Terman's classic study found that children who are gifted tend to be
A) larger and stronger as adults than their peers.
B) less athletic than their peers.
C) less socially skilled than their peers.
D) teachers' pets.
Page Ref: 127-128
Skill: Knowledge
- Which of the following form of assessment would be the best predictor of achievement in the identification of students who are academically gifted in reading and math?
A) A group achievement test
B) A group intelligence test
C) An individual IQ test
D) Teacher observations and grades
Page Ref: 129-130
Skill: Knowledge
- Current beliefs about teaching the gifted
A) clearly favour acceleration over enrichment.
B) clearly favour enrichment over acceleration.
C) view both acceleration and enrichment as beneficial.
D) view neither acceleration nor enrichment as beneficial.
Page Ref: 130-131
Skill: Knowledge
- Recent research has indicated that acceleration of students who are gifted
A) has been unnecessarily discouraged in the past.
B) is related to lower achievement.
C) results in poor social and emotional adjustment.
D) robs students of the companionship of their age group.
Page Ref: 131
Skill: Knowledge
- Which of the following is TRUE about the definitions of learning disabilities?
A) Many scholars believe there is too little emphasis given to the discrepancy between students’ IQ and their achievement in school.
B) There are slight differences in the definitions used across Canada.
C) Psychological processing problems are over emphasized in definitions.
D) There are only environmental bases for learning disabilities.
Page Ref: 133
Skill: Knowledge
- The most common learning disability involves difficulties with
A) behaviour.
B) mathematics.
C) reading.
D) organization.
Page Ref: 134-135
Skill: Knowledge
- Tammy received her fourth F in her math class. She accepted the grade and believes that there is nothing she can do to improve her scores. Tammy appears to be experiencing
A) a math ability problem.
B) a passive learning problem.
C) learned helplessness.
D) poor study and attention skills.
Page Ref: 135
Skill: Understanding
- Which one of the following students BEST illustrates the concept of learned helplessness as an explanation for failure by low socioeconomic status children?
A) Trina seeks help from her older sister in completing practically all of her homework assignments.
B) Michael decides that he has no chance of passing the seventh grade or getting out of school.
C) Brook never volunteers an answer, but hopes that the teacher will call on her.
D) Josh will only compete against smaller children while playing sports after school.
Page Ref: 135
Skill: Understanding
- In treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the medications that seem to work best are
A) anti-depressants.
B) depressants.
C) placebo prescriptions.
D) stimulants.
Page Ref: 138
Skill: Knowledge
- What type of intervention appears to be the most successful in helping students with attention deficits?
A) Behaviour management strategies
B) Cognitive management training
C) Cooperative learning strategies
D) Socialization skills training
Page Ref: 139
Skill: Knowledge
- Which of the following strategies should be used by teachers to help students with ADHD in the classroom?
A) Avoid giving them choices to reduce their stress.
B) Assign longer assignments to keep them occupied.
C) Give them fewer recess breaks to reduce their mental activity level.
D) Teach them self-monitoring skills to give them control.
Page Ref: 139-140
Skill: Knowledge
- Which one of the following behaviours is an example of an articulation disorder?
A) Repeating a word several times in an utterance
B) Saying "wike" for "like"
C) Speaking in an inappropriate pitch
D) Speaking too slowly or too rapidly
Page Ref: 140
Skill: Knowledge
- Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding stuttering?
A) If persisting for 1-2 months, a referral to a speech therapist should be made
B) It is more likely to occur in preschool than in adolescence.
C) It is not classified as a speech impairment.
D) The causes are well known, but treatments are not.
Page Ref: 140
Skill: Knowledge
- Debbie is always speaking very loudly even when circumstances do not call for such behaviour. What type of problem is she demonstrating?
A) Articulation
B) Oral language
C) Stuttering
D) Voicing
Page Ref: 141
Skill: Understanding
- Which one of the following situations is considered a language difference rather than a language disorder?
A) Delayed language development
B) Failing to adapt language to the context
C) Interrupted language development
D) Speaking in a strong dialect
Page Ref: 141
Skill: Understanding
- Which of the following is NOT considered a general characteristic of emotional and behavioural disorders?
A) Indigenous youth in Canada are overrepresented in these categories.
B) Students with learning and/or intellectual disability may also develop emotional and behavioural disorders.
C) More boys are diagnosed with these disorders than girls.
D) These disorders significantly affect the lives of about one in nineteen Canadian students.
Page Ref: 141-142
Skill: Knowledge
- Which of the following is a myth about suicide?
A) People who die by suicide usually talk about it first.
B) Having a family history of suicide increases the risk that a person will contemplate or attempt suicide.
C) You should not talk to someone about suicide if you suspect he or she is contemplating suicide.
D) Suicide is often intended as a cry for help.
Page Ref: 143
Skill: Knowledge
- Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of students with developmental disabilities?
A) They had significant limitations in cognitive abilities and adaptive behaviour.
B) Although learning at a slower rate, they are unlikely to reach a point at which their learning plateaus.
C) They have difficulties maintaining skills without ongoing practice.
D) They may have difficulties combining or integrating multiple skills, such as doing the laundry.
Page Ref: 144
Skill: Knowledge
- Which of the following is NOT true of cerebral palsy?
A) Children with mild cerebral palsy require few accommodations.
B) Cerebral palsy worsens over time.
C) The most common form of cerebral palsy is characterized by spasticity.
D) Cerebral palsy can develop as a result of a child contracting meningitis.
Page Ref: 145-146
Skill: Knowledge
- A student is having a generalized epileptic seizure. Your first response as the teacher should be to
A) insert a pen or pencil in his mouth to protect the tongue.
B) move hard objects away from the student.
C) seek medical assistance immediately.
D) try to restrain the student's movements.
Page Ref: 147
Skill: Understanding
- Troy is frequently accused of day-dreaming during class to the extent that his teacher has requested medical testing. This behaviour might suggest the occurrence of
A) a generalized epileptic seizure.
B) a tonic-chronic seizure.
C) an absence seizure.
D) generalized cerebral palsy.
Page Ref: 147-148
Skill: Understanding
- Low vision describes a visual impairment in which
A) vision is limited to close objects.
B) an individual has 20/200 vision.
C) vision is limited to distant objects.
D) an individual is legally blind.
Page Ref: 148-149
Skill: Knowledge
- A student who is considered “educationally blind”
A) can see class materials as long as they are of higher print quality.
B) can see class materials as long as they are printed very large.
C) requires the use of braille materials in order to learn.
D) becomes irritable when they have to work with a “buddy” in class.
Page Ref: 149
Skill: Knowledge
- What type of approach to understanding language seems best for students who are hard of hearing?
A) A combination of speech and manual reading methods
B) Finger spelling only
C) Sign language only
D) Speech reading only
Page Ref: 149
Skill: Knowledge
- Inclusion, as it relates to special education, means that students will
A) be included in all activities in the daily routine of the school.
B) become involved in the development and implementation of his/her IEP.
C) achieve equal outcomes.
D) participate in the typical subject-matter lessons in general education classrooms.
Page Ref: 151
Skill: Knowledge
- An individualized education program (IEP) is a written plan for a specific student's education, and it must include
A) career goals.
B) needed transitional services.
C) specific educational goals.
D) specific educational goals, current functioning level, and career goals.
Page Ref: 152
Skill: Knowledge
- RTI refers to
A) a type of annually revised program for an exceptional student.
B) a neurological condition that affects students’ learning.
C) the practice of placing exceptional students in the most regular educational setting possible.
D) a process giving educators the option for assessing and educating students with serious learning problems early.
Page Ref: 154
Skill: Knowledge
True/False Questions
- A disability and a handicap refer to the same condition.
Page Ref: 112
- John Carroll's intelligence model identifies one general ability, a few broad abilities and about 40 specific abilities..
Page Ref: 115
- An individual who can retrieve information from his or her memory with great speed is demonstrating a high level of crystallized intelligence.
Page Ref: 114
- Solving a geometry problem requires students to use both their fluid and crystallized intelligences.
Page Ref: 115
- Intelligence scores are computed today as deviation IQs.
Page Ref: 120
- Group IQs are more accurate estimates of IQ than individual results.
Page Ref: 120
- Bloom’s study of prodigies revealed the importance of families in supporting the development of their child’s gifts.
Page Ref: 128
- Teachers are usually extremely accurate in identifying students who are gifted and talented.
Page Ref: 129
- Curriculum compacting is a strategy recommended for students with developmental delays.
Page Ref: 131
- More boys than girls are classified as hyperactive.
Page Ref: 137
- One of the central indicators of ADHD is an obsessive attention to specific tasks.
Page Ref: 137
- The rate of death by suicide among young people is higher for boys than girls.
Page Ref: 142
- Speech reading is an oral approach of communication for students who are hard of hearing.
Page Ref: 149
- Provinces in Canada do not vary in their definitions of inclusion.
Page Ref: 151
- An individualized education program (IEP) should be prepared exclusively by a student’s teachers in partnership with a trained psychologist.
Page Ref: 152
Completion Questions
- The type of language that teachers and others should use when referring to students with disabilities is ________.
Page Ref: 113
- The theory of multiple intelligences consisting of at least eight separate entities was proposed by ________.
Page Ref: 115
- Having the ability to apply culturally accepted problem-solving methods is referred to as ________.
Page Ref: 115
- The type of intelligence that increases until adolescence and then gradually declines with age is ________.
Page Ref: 114-115
- The French psychologist credited with developing the first intelligence test is ________.
Page Ref: 119-120
- Students who tend to be motivated by rewards and external standards take a ________-processing approach to learning.
Page Ref: 124
- Gifted children are typically, above average in general ability, highly creative, and have high levels of ________.
Page Ref: 127
- A strong belief that one is unable to succeed or make a difference in achievement is called ________.
Page Ref: 135
- A type of speech impairment that is characterized by repetitive and hesitant sounds is called ________.
Page Ref: 140
- ________ programming is a practice in which educators prepare students with developmental disabilities to move from school to working and living in the community.
Page Ref: 145
- A disorder characterized by uncontrolled seizures is called ________.
Page Ref: 146
- Cerebral palsy is commonly characterized by overly tense muscles or ________.
Page Ref: 146
- A _________ is characterized by uncontrolled jerking movements that ordinarily last from 2 to 5 minutes, possible loss of bowel or bladder control, and irregular breathing, followed by a deep sleep or coma.
Page Ref: 147
- A communication system for deaf students that uses hand positions to spell out each letter is called ________.
Page Ref: 149
- _________ is a one way that some provinces have implemented the nationwide policy of inclusion that sees exceptional students participate in activities with their nonexceptional peers.
Page Ref: 151
Short Answer Questions
- The use of labels to describe exceptional children has both positive and negative consequences. Discuss those consequences in terms of their impact on the students and the regular classroom teacher.
Page Ref: 111-114
- Explain Howard Gardner’s multiple intelligence theory and some of the criticisms it has faced.
Page Ref: 115-117
- Discuss the debate about whether intelligence has genetic or environmental sources.
Page Ref: 123-124
- Describe some factors and/or approaches that are effective for teaching students with learning disabilities.
Page Ref: 135-137
- You suspect that Brenda, a student in your fourth-grade class, might be hard of hearing. What signs should you look for ?
Page Ref: 149