Hypothesis Testing In Stats Chapter 8 Test Bank Docx - Answer Key + Test Bank | Statistics for Criminology and Criminal Justice 5e by Bachman by Ronet D. Bachman. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 8: From Estimation to Statistical Tests: Hypothesis Testing for One Population Mean and Proportion
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. Why is probability theory needed rather than assuming that a finding is different from that of the population?
a. Due to sampling variation a sample will always be at least slightly different from the population
b. To be 100% sure that our findings are correct
c. To say that our independent variable unquestionably causes the dependent variable
d. Confidence intervals are not enough to be certain of our findings
Learning Objective: 8.1. Explain the purpose of hypothesis testing to determine the difference between a population mean and proportion and a sample mean and proportion.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Introduction
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. The null hypothesis always ______.
a. assumes there is a relationship between the independent and dependent variables
b. assumes there is no relationship between the independent and dependent variables
c. helps us be 100% certain our findings are real
d. can be proven wrong
Learning Objective: 8.1. Explain the purpose of hypothesis testing to determine the difference between a population mean and proportion and a sample mean and proportion.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Introduction
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. What type of hypothesis is a researcher stating when they say “I hypothesize that the independent variable influences the dependent variable”?
a. directional alternative hypothesis test (one-tailed)
b. negative directional alternative hypothesis test
c. positive directional alternative hypothesis test
d. nondirectional alternative hypothesis test (two-tailed)
Learning Objective: 8.1. Explain the purpose of hypothesis testing to determine the difference between a population mean and proportion and a sample mean and proportion.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Introduction
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. Which of the following is a correctly stated null hypothesis?
a. H0: μ ≠ 10
b. H0: μ = 10
c. H0 
> 10
d. H0: 
< 10
Learning Objective: 8. 2. Conduct and interpret the results of hypothesis tests for a sample mean and proportion.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Hypothesis testing for population means using a large sample: The z test
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. The statement ______ is an example of a ______.
a. μ 
5; null hypothesis
b. μ > 5; null hypothesis
c. μ < 5; null hypothesis
d. μ = 5; null hypothesis
Learning Objective: 8. 2. Conduct and interpret the results of hypothesis tests for a sample mean and proportion.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Hypothesis testing for population means using a large sample: The z test
Difficulty Level: Easy
6. What type of hypothesis is a researcher stating when they say “I hypothesize that the independent variable positively influences the dependent variable”?
a. directional alternative hypothesis test (one-tailed)
b. nondirectional alternative hypothesis test
c. negative directional alternative hypothesis test
d. nondirectional alternative hypothesis test (two-tailed)
Learning Objective: 8.3. Describe the difference between a directional (one-tailed) and nondirectional (two-tailed) null hypothesis test.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Directional and nondirectional hypothesis tests
Difficulty Level: Easy
7. What is the first step a researcher takes in hypothesis testing?
a. calculate the appropriate statistic
b. make a decision regarding the null hypothesis
c. state the null and alternative hypothesis
d. choose an alpha level
Learning Objective: 8.1. Explain the purpose of hypothesis testing to determine the difference between a population mean and proportion and a sample mean and proportion.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Hypothesis testing for population means using a large sample: The z test
Difficulty Level: Easy
8. Using the first step in hypothesis testing, how would one represent the following statement from a researcher, “I hypothesize that my sample mean is different from the population mean”?
a. 
b. 
c. 
d. 
Learning Objective: 8.1. Explain the purpose of hypothesis testing to determine the difference between a population mean and proportion and a sample mean and proportion.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Hypothesis testing for population means using a large sample: The z test
Difficulty Level: Easy
9. For a two-tailed hypothesis test with a significance alpha level of .05, what is the critical z-value?
a. 
3.08
b. 
1.96
c. +1.95
d. –1.96
Learning Objective: 8.2. Conduct and interpret the results of hypothesis tests for a sample mean and proportion.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Hypothesis testing for population means using a large sample: The z test
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. 6. In the figure below, one would reject the null hypothesis if ______.
a. the z/t-value fell into the unshaded region
b. the z/t-value fell into the shaded region
c. the z/t-value fell directly on the middle of the distribution
d. the z/t-value fell right before entering the shaded region
Learning Objective: 8.2. Conduct and interpret the results of hypothesis tests for a sample mean and proportion.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Directional and nondirectional hypothesis tests
Difficulty Level: Medium
11.
The distribution below illustrates which of the following?
a. one-tailed null hypothesis
b. nondirectional null hypothesis
c. directional alternative hypothesis
d. two-tailed alternative hypothesis
Learning Objective: 8. 3. Describe the difference between a directional (one-tailed) and nondirectional (two-tailed) null hypothesis test.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Directional and nondirectional hypothesis tests
Difficulty Level: Medium
12. In the distribution below, for a one-tailed alternative hypothesis test at an alpha level of 0.05, which z critical value would allow us to reject the null hypothesis?
a. 
b. 
c. 
d. Unidentifiable
Learning Objective: 8.3. Describe the difference between a directional (one-tailed) and nondirectional (two-tailed) null hypothesis test.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Directional and nondirectional hypothesis tests
Difficulty Level: Medium
13. Deciding to use a directional versus nondirectional alternative hypothesis most directly affects ______.
a. the standard deviation
b. the sample size
c. the critical value(s)
d. the degrees of freedom
Learning Objective: 8.4. Evaluate the advantage of conducting a directional (one-tailed) hypothesis test compared to a nondirectional test.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Directional and nondirectional hypothesis tests
Difficulty Level: Easy
14. For a sample size of 29, we would rely on the ______.
a. z-distribution
b. t-distribution
c. either z- or t-distribution
d. neither z- or t-distribution
Learning Objective: 8.5. Identify the appropriate sampling distribution to use for a one sample hypothesis test when the sample size is small.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Hypothesis testing for population means using a small sample: The t-test
Difficulty Level: Easy
15. For a sample size of 30, we would rely on the ______.
a. z-distribution
b. t-distribution
c. either z- or t-distribution
d. neither z- or t-distribution
Learning Objective: 8.5. Identify the appropriate sampling distribution to use for a one sample hypothesis test when the sample size is small.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Hypothesis testing for population means using a small sample: The t-test
Difficulty Level: Easy
16. A researcher calculates a mean from a sample of 37 people. The following hypotheses are stated: H0: μ = 40 and H1: μ ≠ 40. For α = .05, what is an appropriate critical value for his statistic?
a. 
2.00
b. 
1.96
c. –1.65
d. –1.6
Learning Objective: 8.3. Describe the difference between a directional (one-tailed) and nondirectional (two-tailed) null hypothesis test.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Directional and nondirectional hypothesis tests
Difficulty Level: Medium
True/False
17. When a researcher selects a particular alpha level, they are selecting the risk they are willing to take of making a Type II error.
Learning Objective: 8.2. Conduct and interpret the results of hypothesis tests for a sample mean and proportion.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Hypothesis testing for population means using a large sample: The z test
Difficulty Level: Easy
18. The z- and t-distributions have nearly identical critical values when the sample size is over 120.
Learning Objective: 8. 5. Identify the appropriate sampling distribution to use for a one sample hypothesis test when the sample size is small.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Hypothesis testing for population means using a small sample: The t-test
Difficulty Level: Easy
19. Because proportions are not whole numbers, the critical values for proportions are different than whole numbers.
Learning Objective: 8. 2. Conduct and interpret the results of hypothesis tests for a sample mean and proportion.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Hypothesis testing for population proportions and percentages using large samples
Difficulty Level: Easy
20. Because the t- and z-distributions use different distributions, there respective equations for testing hypotheses are different.
Learning Objective: 8. 5. Identify the appropriate sampling distribution to use for a one sample hypothesis test when the sample size is small.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Hypothesis testing for population means using a large sample: The z test; Hypothesis testing for population means using a large sample: The t-test
Difficulty Level: Medium
21. The critical value of t at a given alpha level will be smaller than the comparable critical value of z and is much smaller when n is very small.
Learning Objective: 8. 5. Identify the appropriate sampling distribution to use for a one sample hypothesis test when the sample size is small.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Hypothesis testing for population means using a small sample: The t-test
Difficulty Level: Easy
22. The following equation, 
, is used for obtaining the critical value for proportions.
Learning Objective: 8. 5. Identify the appropriate sampling distribution to use for a one sample hypothesis test when the sample size is small.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Hypothesis testing for population proportions and percentages using large samples
Difficulty Level: Medium
23. We hypothesized that our sample mean of 58.5 is larger than the population mean of 52.5. This is can be graphed in the following manner.
Learning Objective: 8. 3. Describe the difference between a directional (one-tailed) and nondirectional (two-tailed) null hypothesis test.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Directional and nondirectional hypothesis tests
Difficulty Level: Easy
Essay
24. Discuss the five steps in hypothesis testing.
Learning Objective: 8.2. Conduct and interpret the results of hypothesis tests for a sample mean and proportion.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Hypothesis testing for population means using a large sample: The z test; Hypothesis testing for population means using a large sample: The t-test
Difficulty Level: Medium
25. Using distributions for visual depiction, draw out a two-tailed hypothesis test that your sample mean is different from that of the population. Draw out a one-tailed hypothesis test that your sample mean is smaller than that of the population. Draw out a one-tailed hypothesis test that your sample mean is larger than that of the population.
Learning Objective: 8.2. Conduct and interpret the results of hypothesis tests for a sample mean and proportion.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Hypothesis testing for population means using a large sample: The z test; Hypothesis testing for population means using a large sample: The t-test
Difficulty Level: Hard
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Answer Key + Test Bank | Statistics for Criminology and Criminal Justice 5e by Bachman
By Ronet D. Bachman