Human Nutrition Test Bank Docx Ch.10

Plants and Society, 8e (Levetin)

Chapter 10 Human Nutrition

1) Which of the following is not a macronutrient?

A) fats

B) protein

C) carbohydrates

D) vitamins

E) All of the above are macronutrients.

2) Which of the following is a correct statement about macronutrients?

A) Macronutrients are called that because they are larger than micronutrients.

B) Macronutrients are required in larger amounts than micronutrients.

C) Macronutrients include vitamins and minerals.

D) All of these are correct statements about macronutrients.

E) None of the above are a correct statement.

3) The recommended average daily caloric intake for an adult male is which of the following?

A) 1000 kcal

B) 2000 kcal

C) 2200 kcal

D) 3000 kcal

E) 3200 kcal

4) Fat supplies ________ kilocalories per gram.

A) 4

B) 5

C) 7

D) 9

E) 10

5) The building blocks of carbohydrates are which of the following?

A) monosaccharides.

B) amino acids.

C) fatty acids.

D) disaccharides.

E) More than one of the above are correct.

6) The most abundant monosaccharide is which of the following?

A) fructose

B) galactose

C) sucrose

D) glucose

E) amylose

7) Which of the following is a monosaccharide that is a component of the disaccharide lactose?

A) fructose

B) sucrose

C) ribose

D) galactose

E) maltose

8) Which of the following is a disaccharide found in germinating grains?

A) lactose

B) maltose

C) galactose

D) sucrose

E) dextrose

9) The most common disaccharide is which of the following?

A) lactose

B) maltose

C) glucose

D) sucrose

E) galactose

10) Which of the following is a complex carbohydrate or polysaccharide?

A) galactose

B) glycogen

C) sucrose

D) lactose

E) More than one of these are complex carbohydrates.

11) Glycogen is stored in which of the following?

A) chloroplasts.

B) fat cells.

C) skeletal muscle and fat cells.

D) liver and skeletal muscle cells, as well as fungi.

E) mitochondria and chloroplasts.

12) Symptoms of this deficiency include puffy skin, swollen belly, fatty liver, and listlessness. This deficiency is from the lack of which of the following?

A) vitamin A

B) iodine

C) lipids

D) proteins

E) carbohydrates

13) ________ is a serious condition that results from a deficiency of protein and kilocalories.

A) Marasmus

B) Kwashiorkor

C) Type 2 diabetes

D) Celiac disease

E) Rickets

14) Which of the following is associated with obesity?

A) type 2 diabetes

B) hypertension

C) asthma

D) osteoarthritis

E) All of these are associated with obesity.

15) Which of the following plant compounds occur in the middle lamella?

A) mucilage

B) hemicellulose

C) lignin

D) gum

E) pectin

16) Which of the following is not true of butyric acid?

A) It stabilizes blood glucose levels.

B) It reduces blood cholesterol levels.

C) It is produced in the small intestine.

D) Raises the acidity of the colon.

E) It is produced by bacteria.

17) The fiber from ________ has been shown to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer.

A) fruits

B) whole grains

C) vegetables

D) seeds

E) all of these

18) Two plants that in combination supply all of the essential amino acids are which of the following?

A) beans and rice

B) corn and rice

C) beans and tomatoes

D) beans and corn

E) corn and tomatoes

19) The recommended amount of calories from proteins is at least ________ percent.

A) 5

B) 10

C) 15

D) 20

E) 40

20) What does the text say is the ultimate cause of gluten sensitivity?

A) damaged and flattened villi in the small intestine

B) diets consisting primarily of wheat

C) high permeability of the intestinal wall

D) T cells of the immune system attacking gluten molecules

E) lack of enzymes to break down gluten

21) What does zonulin do?

A) Increases the permeability of the intestinal lining.

B) Breaks down gluten into its component amino acids.

C) Stimulates T cells to attack gluten molecules.

D) Breaks down cholesterol in the liver.

E) Induces cellular respiration.

22) Triglycerides include which of the following?

A) steroids

B) mostly made from monosaccharides

C) fats and oils

D) soluble in water

E) More than one of these answers are correct.

23) The building blocks of triglycerides are glycerol and which of the following?

A) amino acids

B) nucleotides

C) monosaccharides

D) fatty acids

E) None of the above are correct.

24) How do unsaturated fatty acids differ from saturated fatty acids?

A) Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.

B) Unsaturated fatty acids have more hydrogen atoms.

C) Unsaturated fatty acids are soluble in water.

D) Unsaturated fatty acids are always solid at room temperature.

E) Unsaturated fatty acids differ in all of these ways.

25) The scientific evidence shows that which of the following applies to omega-3 fatty acid?

A) They are found most abundantly in beef.

B) They are found in saturated fats.

C) They reduce the incidence of celiac disease.

D) They reduce the risk of blood clots.

E) Fatty acids are described by all of the above.

26) Which of the following statements is correct about LDL?

A) It is a protein that carries cholesterol to cells.

B) It removes excess cholesterol from tissues.

C) It is the "bad" cholesterol.

D) It is found in high quantities in palm and coconut oils.

E) It helps prevent atherosclerosis.

27) Corn oil ________ HDL and ________ LDL, whereas olive oil ________ HDL and ________ LDL.

A) raises; lowers; lowers; raises

B) lowers; raises; raises; lowers

C) lowers; lowers; raises; lowers

D) raises; raises; lowers; lowers

E) None of the above are correct.

28) Diets high in trans fats have been shown to cause or contribute to all of the following except one. Choose the exception.

A) type 2 diabetes

B) coronary heart disease

C) lower levels of LDL

D) higher levels of LDL

E) lower levels of HDL

29) Which of the following vitamins is important in the production of collagen?

A) A

B) B6

C) C

D) D

E) B12

30) Essential amino acids include which of the following?

A) collagen

B) keratin

C) actin

D) myosin

E) None of the above are correct.

31) Celiac disease episodes can be triggered by which of the following?

A) gluten

B) secalin

C) hordein

D) All of the above can trigger celiac disease episodes.

E) None of the above can trigger celiac disease episodes.

32) A deficiency in vitamin K can cause which of the following conditions?

A) beriberi

B) poor blood clotting

C) rickets

D) muscle weakness

E) night blindness

33) Symptoms of this deficiency are dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea, and eventually death. This deficiency is which of the following?

A) osteomalacia

B) xerophthalmia

C) anemia

D) goiter

E) pellagra

34) The vitamin, ________, is involved in the breakdown of carbohydrates before entering the Krebs cycle.

A) biotin

B) thiamine

C) niacin

D) D

E) B12

35) The only vitamin not available from plants is which of the following?

A) biotin

B) thiamine

C) niacin

D) D

E) B12

36) Which of the following vitamins is obtainable through the skin's exposure to UV light?

A) A

B) B2

C) C

D) D

E) E

37) The amount of calcium in bones is under the control of hormones and vitamin ________.

A) A

B) B2

C) C

D) D

E) E

38) Which of the following minerals is a major component of hemoglobin?

A) iron

B) calcium

C) iodine

D) phosphorous

E) More than one of the above are major components of hemoglobin.

39) Persons with celiac disease show elevated levels of what enzyme?

A) transglutaminase

B) ATP synthase

C) catalase

D) amylase

E) None of the above are correct.

40) ________ vitamins can be stored by the body; as a consequence, they can build up to toxic levels if overconsumed.

A) Fat-soluble

B) Complex

C) Organic

D) Water-soluble

E) Sugar-soluble

41) Lack of iodine results in the nutritional disease called ________.

A) goiter

B) anemia

C) osteoporosis

D) kwashiorkor

E) elephantiasis

42) Childhood obesity in countries such as Brazil and the United States may lead to increases in Type 2 diabetes as adults.

43) Breast-fed infants in some impoverished countries may have a higher risk for rickets.

44) The Surgeon General in 2001 stated that the obesity epidemic in the United States would probably not affect the health gains we had achieved in recent decades.

45) All proteins in plants are incomplete; they lack either the right combination of amino acids or lack those amino acids in the right proportions.

46) Some benefits from a mostly vegetable diet are a decreased chance of contracting cardiovascular disease and colon cancer.

47) The primary treatment for patients with celiac disease is to remove gluten from the diet.

48) Marasmus is a nutritional disease that results when the caloric but not the protein needs are met.

49) Kwashiorkor takes place when neither caloric nor protein needs are met by children.

50) The vitamins A, D, E, and K can be stored in the fatty tissues of the body.

51) The pigment beta-carotene in plants is converted into vitamin C in the human body.

52) Beriberi is a nutritional disease caused by insufficient protein in the diet resulting in abdominal swelling and a reddish tint to dark hair and skin.

53) Most dietary lipids are ________.

54) ________ may destroy destructive free radicals that have been implicated as the cause of cancer and other diseases.

55) The form of iron found in plant sources is called ________. Its absorption can be improved by vitamin C.

56) Fats that have only single bonds between the carbon atoms are called ________ fats.

57) In the human body, the beta-carotene of carrots is converted to ________.

58) ________ on a food label indicate the percentage of nutrients that are provided by a single serving of a food based on a 2000 Calorie diet.