Health, Illness, And Medicine Jacobs Ch.9 Exam Questions

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 1

1) Health demography is the study of the

Page reference: See section “Health.”

a. birthrate of different groups in a society.

b. percentage of a population that refuses to use conventional medicine.

c. distribution of disease in a population.

d. effectiveness of experimental medical treatments to treat diseases.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 2

2) People in _______ nations live, on average, more than 30 years longer than people in _______ nations.

Page reference: See section “Health.”

a. poor, rich

b. rich, poor

c. hot, cold

d. highly unequal, relatively equal

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 3

3) In general, people in nations marked by _______ have shorter life expectancies.

Page reference: See section “Health.”

a. robust democratic institutions

b. violent conflict

c. accessible social services

d. high levels of education

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 4

4) WHO is an acronym that stands for

Page reference: See section “Health.”

a. Wealth and Health Outcomes

b. Women’s Health Options

c. Worldwide Health Opportunities

d. World Health Organization

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 5

5) The mortality rate for Black Americans from COVID-19 is _______ than that for whites.

Page reference: See section “Health.”

a. 2.4 times higher

b. 2.4 times lower

c. 0.4 times higher

d. 0.4 times lower

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 6

6) While there is no question that genetic inheritance shapes the demography of health, it is also true that

Page reference: See section “Health.”

a. social context always matters more.

b. genetics continue to deny the legitimacy of epigenetics as a field of study.

c. research remains unclear about whether social context is a significant contributor to health.

d. social context always matters.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 7

7) The study of how genes interact with wider natural and social environments is called

Page reference: See section “Health.”

a. eugenics.

b. genetics.

c. epigenetics.

d. health demography.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 8

8) What question might a doctor ask an elderly patient during a medical exam that would help them understand how social factors might impact that person’s health?

Page reference: See section “Health.”

a. “At what age did you first start wearing glasses?”

b. “What brand of toothpaste do you use?”

c. “Which of your siblings was your favorite?”

d. “Do you feel safe going outside for a walk in your neighborhood?”

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 9

9) In the wake of the global pandemic, the Black Lives Matter movement connected the long-term stress of racism and _______ to Black Americans’ heightened risk of being infected with COVID-19 and dying from the virus.

Page reference: See subsection “Environment.”

a. an intersectional health perspective

b. disease

c. epistemic privilege

d. allostatic load

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 10

10) A doctor who adopts an intersectional health perspective will

Page reference: See subsection “An Intersectional Understanding of Health Disparities.”

a. treat each element of a patient’s identity—such as their race, sex and gender, religion, etc.—as distinctly different things to be addressed and will not consider how they influence each other.

b. reject the use of all Western remedies and instead use only complementary and alternative medicine.

c. give attention to the concrete, historical contexts and actual lived experiences of the kinds of people they serve.

d. only see patients who are willing to make lifestyle changes to manage their illnesses.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 11

11) Typically, doctors have more epistemic privilege than patients. This is because they

Page reference: See subsection “An Intersectional Understanding of Health Disparities.”

a. went to medical school.

b. are older.

c. have a busy schedule.

d. have many people who work under them.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 12

12) Which statement about disease is accurate?

Page reference: See section “Illness.”

a. The labeling of something as a disease is always performed by disinterested scientists who have no financial motivation for this choice.

b. What is considered a disease varies from culture to culture.

c. What is considered a disease is consistent from culture to culture.

d. The physical condition labeled as “diseased” is stable within a culture, even though they vary across cultures.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 13

13) Which is an example of a medical risk?

Page reference: See section “Illness.”

a. Having a parent who died in war

b. Having a parent who died of breast cancer

c. Having a parent who died of cancer of the throat caused by chewing tobacco

d. Having a parent who died in an automobile crash

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 14

14) Why were the physicians who were treating Lia Lee in Anne Fadiman’s The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down (1997) frustrated with her parents?

Page reference: See section “Illness.”

a. The parents did not speak English.

b. The parents did not view their daughter’s condition as something that should be treated with Western medicine.

c. The parents were willing to support treatment for their son but not their daughter because of sexist attitudes.

d. The parents refused to pay the outrageous costs of medical care in the US.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 15

15) In sociological terms, what is the difference between disease and the illness experience?

Page reference: See section “Illness.”

a. The illness experience is irreversible and incurable and can only be managed, but diseases are short-term and typically result in a full recovery.

b. Disease is irreversible and incurable and can only be managed, but the illness experience is short term and typically results in a full recovery.

c. Disease happens within the physical body, but the illness experience is the way that physical reality is understood and managed by the people experiencing it.

d. The illness experience happens within the physical body, but disease is the way that physical reality is understood and managed by the people experiencing it.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 16

16) Why might a physician choose to achieve cultural competence?

Page reference: See section “Illness.”

a. Because they can bill insurance at a higher rate if they are culturally competent

b. To serve patients with respect

c. Because it is required in order to achieve entrance into medical school

d. Because it is required to pass the medical board exams, which are a necessary step in becoming a physician

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 17

17) Which is not a common reason why people reject the sick role?

Page reference: See subsection “Being a Patient.”

a. They use home remedies because they rely on tradition more than medical authority.

b. They wish to remain ill or see their condition worsen.

c. They are suspicious of mainstream medical advice.

d. They fear being mistreated by doctors and so aggressively advocate for treatments of their own choosing.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 18

18) A mammogram (a scan of the breasts) recently revealed that Frida has a small breast lump. She will have to return for further testing to determine if it is benign (harmless) or malignant (cancerous and dangerous). When she calls to tell her elderly mother the news, her mother responds by saying, “I told you that you eat too much sugar and refined carbohydrates!” In attempting to blame Frida’s diet for her possible disease, Frida’s mother is trying to

Page reference: See subsection “Being a Patient.”

a. medicalize Frida’s breast lump.

b. force her daughter into the sick role.

c. stigmatize her daughter.

d. label her daughter as disabled.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 19

19) What is the central argument of Abigail C. Saguy’s 2013 book What’s Wrong with Fat?

Page reference: See Paired Concept box “Stigma and Size.”

a. Fat in the US is framed in a way that pathologizes fat bodies—which is to say, people who weigh more than is deemed appropriate by the medical industry.

b. The increased weight of the average American over the last few years is a result of poor nutrition options for America’s poor.

c. Policy decisions to subsidize meat rather than vegetables has led to a health crisis in the US.

d. Fat is beautiful!

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 20

20) In the medical model, a disability is considered as

Page reference: See subsection “Being a Patient.”

a. physical or mental defects located in the individual.

b. a way that a body deviates from a set standard (“norm”) of what a society calls healthy.

c. a way to define a body so that the person with this body can use health insurance to receive healthcare.

d. a difference in bodily function that cannot be compensated with affordable and widely available technology, such as eyeglasses.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 21

21) What does ADA stand for?

Page reference: See subsection “Being a Patient.”

a. Alliance for the Defense of Autism

b. Accessibility of Diagnosis Act

c. Americans with Disabilities Act

d. AIDS Defiance Association

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 22

22) The neurodiversity movement argues that

Page reference: See subsection “Being a Patient.”

a. the rise in the number of cases of autism is due to vaccinations.

b. a range of neurological conditions are a normal part of human variation.

c. genetic testing should be used to identify children with atypical brain structures and mental processes early in order to provide intervention at a young age.

d. more diagnoses should be added to the official list of mental health disorders in order to spur health insurance to cover their treatment in the medical model.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 23

23) When what was previously considered an inconvenience, a normal variation of human biology, an individual quirk, or a social problem is redefined as a medical problem, it has undergone the process of

Page reference: See subsection “Medicalization.”

a. institutionalization.

b. professionalization.

c. medicalization.

d. marginalization.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 24

24) Which statement about DSM-V is correct?

Page reference: See subsection “Being a Patient.”

a. It describes mental illnesses with their respective origins in brain chemistry and structure, such as schizophrenia, but not in individual experiences, such as post-traumatic stress disorder.

b. It is not subject to revision.

c. It is the product of the pharmaceutical industry.

d. It defines a variety of mental disorders.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 25

25) Which statement about the place of physicians in US society is not accurate?

Page reference: See subsection “Medicalization”

a. Physicians have always been among the most respected professionals in American society.

b. Physicians are among the best-paid, most influential, and most well-educated groups of professionals in the US.

c. Social trust in physicians has declined, in general, as more information and misinformation about health has become broadly available online.

d. Physicians were not well respected until the early 1900s, in part because their training was not standardized and so many doctors practiced medicine dangerously.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 26

26) The social response to illness that attempts to identify, prevent, and cure disease is termed

Page reference: See section “Medicine.”

a. medicine.

b. medicalization.

c. institutionalization.

d. health demography.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 27

27) In its observation of diseases like COVID-19, epidemiologists study

Page reference: See section “Public Health.”

a. how to communicate health information to the public effectively.

b. the reasons why people resist acting in their own best health interests.

c. the biological evolution of the germs that cause diseases to become resistant to known treatments.

d. the social dimensions of disease patterns to discover how diseases spread.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 28

28) Efforts such as enforced mask wearing, social distancing measures, keeping children home from school, etc. were implemented to maintain _______ during the global pandemic.

Page reference: See section “Public Health.”

a. public health

b. epidemiology

c. palliative care

d. national healthcare

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 29

29) The WHO considers the likelihood of future epidemics and pandemics to be

Page reference: See section “Public Health.”

a. virtually nonexistent.

b. relatively low.

c. moderately high.

d. very high.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 30

30) _______ is _______ spread over a large geographic area, such as COVID-19.

Page reference: See section “Public Health.”

a. A pandemic; an epidemic

b. An epidemic; apandemic

c. A medical risk; medicalization

d. Medicalization; a medical risk

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 31

31) Efforts to prevent disease, promote healthy behaviors, and preempt unhealthy ones through teaching are called

Page reference: See section “Public Health.”

a. public health education.

b. epidemiology.

c. health demography.

d. palliative care.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 32

32) Which example was not seen in media campaigns about public health education during the global pandemic?

Page reference: See section “Public Health.”

a. Images of enforced mask wearing

b. Diagrams depicting social distancing measures

c. PSAs abolishing the use of tissues outside

d. Regular reminders about vaccination

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 33

33) Many anti-smoking campaigns are funded by

Page reference: See section “Public Health.”

a. taxes on tobacco products.

b. donations from wealthy donors.

c. gifts from people who have died from smoking-related causes.

d. state lotteries.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 34

34) People are more likely to follow the advice of public health media messages that reminds them get a COVID test as opposed to a message that endorses mask wearing because

Page reference: See section “Public Health.”

a. mask-wearing benefits are not immediately clear to them but extend their life over the long run.

b. a message about mask-wearing asks them to make a long-term change.

c. the COVID test message focuses on one specific, one-time thing they can do.

d. the COVID test message introduces them to a new procedure or behavioral change that they had never heard about before.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 35

35) What explains the higher rate of HIV infection among educated women in Kenya as compared to uneducated women, according to Sanyu Mojola’s book Love, Money, and HIV (2014)?

Page reference: See Paired Concept box “Does Modern Society Make You Sick?”

a. Education in Kenya does not include sex education—but it does provide women with more contact with more men because they are attending colleges where men also attend. In comparison, uneducated women are more likely to live in sex-segregated social spheres.

b. Educated women have already risen above their uneducated peers and believe that they can also “rise above” the risk of infection even if they have sex with partners who are HIV positive.

c. Educated women have few well-paying job prospects and so turn to sex work to support their consumer habits.

d. Women are educated in urban areas and do not wish to return to rural areas. They often become the mistresses of married men in urban areas in order to pay for apartments in the city.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 36

36) Public health policy consists of

Page reference: See section “Public Health.”

a. taxpayer spending to prevent the spread of communicable diseases.

b. publicly funded research on hard-to-treat diseases.

c. medical experimentation on prisoners in order to test new and promising treatments for diseases.

d. the norms, rules, and laws that shape public health behavior.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 37

37) Rates of infection of diseases that could be prevented with vaccinations are

Page reference: See section “Public Health.”

a. higher in counties and school districts with lower vaccination rates.

b. lower in counties and school districts with lower vaccination rates.

c. higher in counties and school districts with higher vaccination rates.

d. the same in counties and school districts regardless of vaccination rates.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 38

38) Which is not a reason that COVID-19 has created a “crisis of care”?

Page reference: See subsection “Social Responses to Sickness and Illness.”

a. There are fewer people available for childcare.

b. There are fewer people available to care for the elderly.

c. There are fewer people available to care for the sick.

d. There are fewer people who care about helping others during a global pandemic.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 39

39) _______ medical care focuses on ending a disease in a person’s life and supporting their recovery to their pre-disease state, while _______ medical careseeks to stop a disease from occurring in the first place and _______ medical care provides pain relief and psychological and social support for a person suffering from a disease.

Page reference: See subsection “Social Responses to Sickness and Illness.”

a. Curative; preventative; palliative

b. Palliative; curative; preventative

c. Preventative; palliative; curative

d. Palliative; preventative; curative

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 40

40) Genetic testing is

Page reference: See Case Study “Genetic Testing.”

a. only available through government-run agencies.

b. available through private companies.

c. only available through physicians’ offices.

d. only available for medically necessary reasons.