Globalization in a Changing World Chapter 16 Test Bank Docx

CHAPTER 16 Globalization in a Changing World

CONCEPT MAP

1. How Does Globalization Affect Social Change?
   1. The Physical Environment
   2. Political Organization
   3. Culture
   4. Economic Factors
   5. Technology
2. Why Does Terrorism Seem to Be on the Rise in the World Today?
3. What Are Social Movements?
   1. Classical Theories of Social Movements
      1. Economic Deprivation
      2. Resource Mobilization
      3. Structural Strain
   2. Globalization and Social Movements
      1. New Social Movements
   3. Technology and Social Movements
4. What Factors Contribute to Globalization?
   1. Informational Flows
   2. Political Changes
   3. Economic Changes
   4. The Globalization Debate
      1. The Skeptics
      2. The Hyperglobalizers
      3. The Transformationalists
5. How Does Globalization Affect Your Life?
   1. The Rise of Individualism
   2. Work Patterns
   3. Popular Culture
   4. Globalization and Risk
      1. The Spread of “Manufactured Risk”
      2. The Global “Risk Society”
   5. Globalization and Inequality
      1. Inequality and Global Divisions
      2. The Campaign for Global Justice

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. While recent protests and revolutions, such as the Arab Spring and Ukrainian revolutions, were fueled by grievances that ignited traditional social movements, these modern movements were facilitated by

2. Globalization is best defined as

3. The increasing influence people, organizations, and events around the world have on our lives is known as

4. The textbook defines social change as

5. The transformation of the social institutions and culture of a society over time is called

6. According to the textbook, what role has the modern state played in the process of globalization?

7. Human adaptation to cold climates, global warming, and access to clean water are examples of which major factor influencing social change?

8. Jared Diamond's explanation of the collapse of Rwandan society places too much emphasis on _____ at the expense of other factors, according to critics.

9. Jared Diamond argued that five factors contributed to the collapse of Rwandan society. Of these five factors, three are related to

10. A nation’s head of state is struggling to maintain their political power in the face of increasingly deterritorialized economic power. According to William Robinson, the challenge their leadership is largely driven by is

11. _____ is the most important political factor in helping patterns of social change speed up during the modern era.

12. What factors contributed to Mahatma Gandhi’s success in campaigning to free India from British rule?

13. Which of the following is an example of the cultural factors that might influence social change?

14. People from societies that keep written records are able to develop a better sense of their societies' evolution and how these processes are connected to social change. According to your textbook, this illustrates how social change is influenced by

15. Some sociologists, such as Mark Juergensmeyer, argue that the biggest cultural conflicts in the twenty-first century will be between those who believe that truth is derived from _____ versus those who believe it is derived from _____.

16. The fact that creationism is more likely to be taught in public schools located in more politically conservative districts is an example of the cultural prediction made by

17. Which of the following examples is representative of social change through culture?

18. The most far-reaching economic influence on social change has been

19. Capitalism stimulates social change in an unprecedented way because it

20. According to your textbook, a truly global economy where production relies on a worldwide workforce has been made possible by

21. In many countries, economies are no longer defined by the production of material goods, relying instead on

22. Rico, a student at a university in the United States, uses email and video-conferencing software to discuss his research project with his professor who is attending a conference in England. The ability to have these real-time conversations as if they were in the same room is an example of

23. Recently, Samuel's father was laid off from his job at the automobile-part manufacturing plant when it closed. Samuel currently works at a local coffee shop while he is finishing his college degree. The experiences of Samuel and his father reflect an economic shift toward a(n)

24. The growth of jobs in the retail and food service sector and the decline in manufacturing jobs is referred to as

25. In a knowledge-based economy, many industrial workers have been left unemployed and without the skills required to find good jobs. According to the textbook, this is due to

26. White-collar workers are the most essential type of employee in a(n)

27. A postindustrial society is one based on the production of _____ rather than material goods.

28. Any action (by a nonstate organization) that is intended to cause death or serious bodily harm to civilians to convince a government or organization to stop doing something is the definition of

29. According to your textbook, the spread of Western secular beliefs around the world during the process of globalization paired with the decline in local traditional beliefs has led to

30. A collective attempt to further a common interest or secure a common goal through action outside the sphere of established institutions is

31. Some social movements arise in defense of the status quo. One example is the "bathroom bill" that has responded to the transgender equity movement by attempting to prevent people from using public bathrooms that don't correspond to their biological sex. This is an example of a

32. Which of the following methodological approaches to a research project on social movements is a survey?

33. According to Karl Marx, the primary source of conflict that leads to revolution is a

34. Max Weber argued that revolutions resulted from competition between different groups attempting to gain access to

35. James Davies argues that relative deprivation, not absolute deprivation, is what motivates revolution. Relative deprivation is the discrepancy between

36. Consider a community that has elected a leader who has promised the revitalization of a declining employment sector. At first, there are some improvements in living conditions, and the citizens have been inspired and expect improvements in their lives. However, if those improvements slow down, the community may become frustrated and begin to revolt against this new leader. This dynamic is referred to as

37. Sociologists have argued that, in addition to organizing people for collective action, there is also a strong need for

38. According to some, mobilization is one of the main factors of collective action. Mobilization is

39. Alain Touraine's theory of social movements suggests that the connections between a social movement and the forces or influences opposing it are referred to as

40. According to Neil Smelser, social movements take shape and engage in collective action because of

41. The textbook notes the importance of the Internet for connecting people and ideas in ways that facilitate social movements. Applying this to Neil Smelser's six conditions underlying collective action, the availability of and access to the Internet would be an example of which condition?

42. What would be an example of a “precipitating factor” as defined in Neil Smelser's theory of social movements?

43. Seen as a unique product of late modern society, _____ differ significantly in methods, motivations, and orientations from the collective action of earlier times.

44. Which of the following might be labeled a new social movement rather than a conventional social movement?

45. Participation in new social movements is often seen as a(n) _____ whereby participants make a statement about who they are.

46. New social movements are at the heart of _____, which is the sphere between the state and the marketplace occupied by family, community associations, and other noneconomic institutions.

47. American society has a strong set of noneconomic institutions people socialize and interact in during their daily lives, such as the family, community associations, and schools. Due to these interactions, sociologists suggest that the United States has a strong

48. In recent years, participants in social movements have shown an ability to do something that is particularly worrisome to oppressive governments. This is the ability to

49. According to the textbook, the government of which country attempted to control the flow of Internet-based information to citizens by creating the "Great Firewall"?

50. According to the textbook, many contemporary social movements, such as the Arab Spring, rely heavily on

51. Jon and Huong are friends attending college in different states. They keep in contact through email, texting, and social networking websites. Based on this example, technology has the capacity to do what?

52. The rapid development and diffusion of _____ technologies, which have changed the so-called compression of time and space, have made the biggest contribution to accelerating and deepening the process of globalization.

53. According to the textbook, globalization is being driven by the integration of the world economy, which is now dominated by “weightless activity.” Products in this “weightless economy” are based in

54. According to the textbook, which among the following the most significant political causes of globalization was

55. The growing influence of _____ has/have been among the political changes contributing to the intensification of globalization.

56. According to the textbook, the United Nations (UN) is an international organization that

57. Transnational corporations account for _____ of all world trade.

58. Which of the following is the best example of a transnational corporation?

59. Which perspective in the globalization debate argues that regionalization within the world economy produces less integration and that national governments continue to play a vital role in the economy?

60. According to globalization skeptics, compared with patterns of trade a century ago, today

61. Which of the following perspectives on globalization believes that globalization is challenging the power of nation-states?

62. Which perspective on globalization argues that globalization is producing a borderless world in which national governments are no longer in control of their own economies?

63. According to the hyperglobalizers, what is the consequence of national governments’ inability to address global financial market instability and environmental problems?

64. Which perspective in the globalization debate takes a middle position and sees many old patterns persisting while the broader global order is transforming in a dynamic process that is open to influence and change?

65. According to the transformationalist perspective on globalization, the political structures of countries are adapting to challenges from

66. According to transformationalists, globalization is a dynamic and open process that is subject to influence and change. Which attribute is associated with this view?

67. Transformationalists depict globalization as a tension between international and transnational social forces. Which is the most accurate description of what these social forces are?

68. In recent years, individuals have had an increased opportunity to shape their own lives. This phenomenon is known as

69. The declining influence of social class, gender, ethnicity, and other social categories best describes which process?

70. According to the textbook, in terms of people's working lives, globalization makes it more likely that an individual will experience

71. Globalization and information technology have made it more likely that people will work from home, share jobs with other employees, work on short-term consulting projects, and work in a system of flextime. These patterns are examples of how globalization has

72. How has the increase in flexible work arrangements affected workers?

73. Some sociologists worry that globalization is leading to the creation of a global culture where the values of the most powerful and affluent overwhelm the strength of local customs and tradition. This process is called

74. In the past, humans experienced famine and floods, or _____; today, because of globalization, humans now face _____ created by the effects of our own knowledge and technology on the natural world.

75. Which of the following would be considered a manufactured risk?

76. The increased risk of skin cancer is a manufactured risk that likely relates to

77. A developing nation-state with relatively little global political power is becoming increasingly concerned with the political climate of a more powerful, highly developed nation-state. In part, this is due to the fact the decisions of the more powerful nation-state will likely affect the future of the citizens in both countries. This is an example of what Ulrich Beck calls

78. Globalization is an uneven process, and because of this, the disparity between the developed world and the developing world is

79. According to a recent Credit Suisse report, almost _____ of all the world's wealth is currently owned by just _____ of the population.

80. How would you best describe the gap in economic growth between the poorest and the richest countries?

81. According to the textbook, those critical of the World Trade Organization’s policies claim the organization is

82. Why do critics of free trade claim that these policies are not the solution to poverty and global inequality?

1. What are the four major influences on social change in modern history? Which of these influences do you think has the largest impact on social change today? Provide an example to support your choice.

2. According to Daniel Bell, we are entering a phase of development beyond the industrial era called the postindustrial society. In a few sentences, discuss what changes have brought this about and what characteristics this new type of era possesses.

3. According to Charles Tilly and other resource mobilization scholars, what are the four main components of collective action? Provide detailed examples of each component to fully illustrate your understanding of this model.

4. Consider Neil Smelser's “structural strain” framework for understanding the origins of collective action. Describe both structural strain and generalized beliefs and ideologies, then compare the aspects by explaining how each factor might contribute to the likelihood of collective action.

5. What role do social movements play in social change? Using the Arab Spring as an example, explain how globalization has affected social movements.

6. Explain how information technology and the flow of information play a role in accelerating the process of globalization.

7. Compare and contrast the three schools of thought in the globalization debate. Which position do you find most compelling? Why?

8. Discuss the cultural impacts of globalization. Do you think these are more a matter of "cultural imperialism" or "fragmentation of cultural forms"? Justify your position.

9. According to Ulrich Beck, globalization brings about a "risk society." Explain what a "risk society" is and the kinds of risks that are being "manufactured." What specific risks are you most concerned about? Why?

10. Compare and contrast the ways in which the "global justice movement" and organizations—such as the World Trade Organization (WTO)—view the relationship between free trade and global inequality. Which view do you agree with and why?