Full Test Bank Population Aging Ch4

Chapter 4

Population Aging:

A Demographic and Geographic Perspective

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does the demographic transition refer to?
   1. The rapid increase of older people
   2. A transition in morbidity and mortality from acute to chronic illness
   3. A transition in morbidity and mortality from chronic to acute illness
   4. A shift from high fertility and mortality to low fertility and mortality

Page: 104

1. Which of the following occurs as a result of an epidemiological transition?
   1. An increase in life expectancy at birth and the leading causes of death becoming chronic and degenerative diseases later in life
   2. A decrease in life expectancy at birth and the leading causes of death becoming infectious, parasitic, and acute illnesses
   3. An increase in fertility and a decrease in mortality due to the technoplosion
   4. A decrease in fertility and the development of an aging population

Page: 104

1. Which phase of demographic transition sees a country modernize and experience a rapid spread of new technological developments, creating major changes and improvements in public health (such as disease control, public sanitation, and health promotion), individual health and longevity, work and leisure lifestyles, and quality of life?
   1. Technoplosion
   2. Population explosion
   3. Population implosion
   4. Demoplosion

Page: 104

1. Which of the following is comprised of a set of individual birth cohorts?
   1. Cohort
   2. Baby boomer cohort
   3. Generation
   4. Period

Page: 105

1. Which of the following is not considered a generation?
   1. Millennials
   2. Generation X
   3. Generation P
   4. Baby Boomers

Page: 105-106

1. Approximately what percentage of the Canadian population do baby boomers comprise?
   1. 5 per cent
   2. 12 per cent
   3. 27 per cent
   4. 54 per cent

Page: 112

1. Approximately what percentage of Canadian baby boomers were born outside of Canada?
   1. 57 per cent
   2. 47 per cent
   3. 37 per cent
   4. 17 per cent

Page: 106

1. By 2040, what percentage of the world’s older population will live in less developed countries?
   1. 75 per cent
   2. 15 per cent
   3. 25 per cent
   4. 45 per cent

Page: 111

1. Which group is predicted to more than triple its population between 2015 and 2050, making it the fastest-growing segment of the world population?
   1. The 80+ population
   2. The 70+ population
   3. The 60+ population
   4. The 50+ population

Page: 111

1. In which of the following countries is the highest percentage of the population over age 65?
   1. Germany
   2. Greece
   3. Japan
   4. Belgium

Page: 113

1. In which of the following countries is the lowest percentage of the population over age 65?
   1. Kuwait
   2. Afghanistan
   3. Rwanda
   4. United Arab Emirates

Page: 113

1. What is median age?
   1. The chronological age at which the population divides into equal numbers of younger and older people
   2. The functional age at which the population divides into equal numbers of younger and older people
   3. The chronological age at which the population divides into larger numbers of younger people than older people
   4. The chronological age at which the population divides into larger numbers of older people than younger people

Page: 113

1. Which of the following refers to the average number of years a person can expect to live without chronic disability?
   1. Independent life expectancy
   2. Active life expectancy
   3. Healthy life span
   4. Functional life expectancy

Page: 115

1. What was the sex ratio for Canadians aged 65 and up in 2016?
   1. 29 males per 100 females
   2. 34 males per 100 females
   3. 67 males per 100 females
   4. 83 males per 100 females

Page: 118

1. At which point in history did the total dependency ratio for Canada peak?
   1. During the early 1970s
   2. During the early 1980s
   3. During the late 1990s
   4. During the baby boom

Page: 118

1. What is the old-age dependency ratio?
   1. The number of people aged 19 to 64 divided by the number of people aged 65 and over
   2. The number of people aged 85 and over divided by the number of people aged 19 to 84
   3. The number of people aged 65 and over divided by the number of people aged 19 to 64
   4. The number of people aged 65 and older, or who are considered dependent, divided by the number of people aged 64 and younger, or who are considered independent

Page: 119

1. By 2056, what is Canada’s projected total dependency ratio?
   1. 77 dependents for every 100 people of working age
   2. 94 dependents for every 100 people of working age
   3. 68 dependents for every 100 people of working age
   4. 84 dependents for every 100 people of working age

Page: 119-120

1. Which of the following is not a phase of the demographic transition?
   1. Agroplosion
   2. Population implosion
   3. Population displosion
   4. Technoplosion

Page: 104

1. Which of the following is not an example of an “older” Canadian community?
   1. Elliot Lake, ON
   2. Kelowna, BC
   3. Barrie, ON
   4. Parksville, BC

Page: 122

1. In 2016, which Canadian province or territory had the highest percentage of older adults?
   1. Nunavut
   2. Ontario
   3. Québec
   4. Nova Scotia

Page: 101

1. In 2016, which Canadian province or territory had the lowest percentage of older adults?
   1. Alberta
   2. Northwest Territories
   3. Nunavut
   4. British Columbia

Page: 101

1. Which of the following statements regarding sex ratios is true?
   1. The sex ratio over the next 30 years is projected to decrease in developing countries.
   2. The sex ratio will not change in the next 30 years.
   3. The sex ratio over the next 30 years is projected to increase in developed countries and decrease in developing countries.
   4. The sex ratio over the next 30 years is projected to decrease in developed countries.

Page: 117

1. Which of the following statements regarding immigrants to Canada is false?
   1. Until the 1970s, most immigrants came from European countries.
   2. In the past decade, immigrants were more likely to come from Asia.
   3. Most recent immigrants settled in Winnipeg, Calgary, and Saskatoon.
   4. An increasing proportion of new immigrants are identified as “allophones.”

Page: 122-123

1. What is the most likely explanation for the aging of rural areas and small towns in Canada?
   1. It is the result of immigration and migrant workers seeking out permanent residency.
   2. It is the result of youthful migration to obtain employment in urban areas while older people stay or others return to the hometown from urban areas if they have left.
   3. It is the result of small town idealism—retirees seek out charming communities to leave the stress of cities and work behind them.
   4. It is the result of a global trend toward urban–rural population migration.

Page 121

1. What is the median age of the population in Toronto?
   1. 9
   2. 19
   3. 29
   4. 39

Page: 122

True or False Questions

1. Globally, around 2016, people aged 65 years and over outnumbered children under five years old.

Page: 101

1. The “youngest” country in the world is Kuwait.

Page: 101, 113

1. In the 1800s, the average life expectancy at birth was 30 years.

Page: 104

1. Canada is the “oldest” country in the world.

Page: 101

1. Apocalyptic interpretations that argue older people are fast-becoming a burden to society are the most accurate type of explanations for population aging.

Page: 107

1. Globally, 8.5 per cent of the world’s population is 65 years old and over.

Page: 109

1. By 2050, the proportion of persons aged 65 and over, globally, will increase to 47 per cent.

Page: 109

1. “Generation X” refers to the “back-end” boomers.

Page: 106

1. Population explosion is the second phase of the demographic transition.

Page: 104

1. The demographic transition is when a society shifts from high fertility and mortality to low fertility and mortality.

Page: 104

1. Population displosion is the phase in demographic transition when the population of a specific geographic area becomes increasingly diverse due to migration flows.

Page: 104

1. Epidemiological transition occurs when a population ages and is the result of a shift from infectious diseases to chronic diseases.

Page: 104-105

1. A generation is comprised of a set of individual birth cohorts that share particular experiences at a particular stage in life and share characteristics that distinguish them from other cohorts or generations.

Page: 105

1. The United Nations reported at the Second World Assembly on Ageing that population aging is unprecedented, pervasive, profound, and enduring.

Page: 107-108

1. The aging of the baby boomers will create a serious economic burden on society and will ruin the health-care system.

Page 107-109

1. The absolute number of older people in China will rise to over 25 per cent by 2050.

Page 109

1. The speed of population aging in China will have a particularly pronounced effect in rural regions.

Page: 110

1. The impact of HIV/AIDS has no bearing on the roles of older adults in various African countries.

Page: 111

1. Life expectancy in Canada has finally begun to decrease.

Page: 114-115

1. The life expectancy gap between men and women in Canada is closing.

Page: 114

1. Active life expectancy refers to the number of years people engage in regular physical activity throughout their lives.

Page: 115

1. Globally, there is a clear trend of reverse aging in the largest cities in the world.

Page: 121

1. Most immigrants arrive in Canada before they are 30 years old.

Page: 123

1. At the height of the baby boom, Canadian women were averaging about eight children each, concentrated in a shorter period than for previous generations.

Page: 106

1. There are significant differences among the provinces and territories in terms of aging populations.

Page: 121

Short Answer Questions

1. How has the baby boom generation influenced social systems of the past and how does it continue to affect the economy today?

Page: 102-103

1. What are some of the questions debated by government to address economic and social problems arising from population aging?

Page: 102

1. What is demography? Why is it an important concept to understand?

Page: 103

1. What is demographic transition and how does it influence population growth? How have less developed countries experienced this transition?

Page: 104

1. What are the four phases of demographic transition? Briefly describe each.

Page: 104

1. What is the difference between population explosion and implosion phases of demographic transition?

Page: 104

1. What is the epidemiological transition?

Page: 104–105

1. What is the relationship between a generation and a cohort?

Page: 105

1. What are the differences between the experience of “front-end” and “back-end” boomers?

Page: 106

1. What are three examples of commonly-used definitions of generations?

Page: 106

1. What is the “double whammy” facing health-care systems in developing countries?

Page: 105

1. What is the United Nations’ position on population aging?

Page: 107-108

1. What are four ways in which global aging can positively affect economic performance?

Page: 108

1. Why should media and policymakers be cautious of alarmist or apocalyptic interpretations?

Page: 107

1. Why will less-developed countries experience population aging at a faster rate compared to more developed countries?

Page: 109

1. What is compression of aging? What are the reasons for the urgency of the compression of aging for less-developed countries?

Page: 109-110

1. Why might China be ill-prepared to cope with the changes associated with population aging?

Page: 110

1. What are the characteristics of aging in Sub-Saharan Africa? How does it compare to other parts of the less-developed world?

Page: 111

1. Why is it important to modulate measures of life expectancy with measures of active life expectancy?

Page: 113–115

1. What is the pattern of sex ratios across age? What is the significance of this pattern for gerontology?
2. What are dependency ratios? Why has the use of dependency ratios been criticized?

Page: 118-120

1. What are two examples of the differences in the growth ratio among the provinces compared to the territories in Canada?

Page: 121

1. What are the differences between baby boomers and their parents, according to Easterlin (1996)? How will these differences affect the later lives of baby boomers?

Page: 103–104

1. What characterizes immigration patterns among older people in Canada? How do these patterns influence aging processes?

Page: 123

1. What does the term “allophone” mean? Describe the demographic trends related to allophones in Canada.

Page: 123