Flowering Plants Structure And – Chapter 24 | Full Test Bank

Biology, 13e (Mader)

Chapter 24 Flowering Plants: Structure and Organization

1) The cortex found in the center of a dicot stem or a monocot root is made of what type of tissue?

A) ground tissue

B) epithelial tissue

C) vascular tissue

D) dermal tissue

2) In large woody plants, the wood is essentially made of ________ and the bark is essentially made of ________.

A) xylem; phloem and cork

B) vascular tissue; epidermal tissue

C) the cortex; the epidermis

D) pith; collenchyma

3) The meristems that arise from the apical meristem include all of the following EXCEPT

A) protoderm.

B) ground meristem.

C) epidermis.

D) procambrium.

4) All of the following are specialized epidermal cells EXCEPT

A) root hairs.

B) trichomes.

C) collenchyma.

D) guard cells.

5) Which one or more of the following meristem and tissue matches are mismatched?

A) protoderm - vascular tissue

B) ground meristem - ground tissue

C) procambrium - epidermal tissue

D) None of these are mismatched.

E) protoderm - vascular tissue and procambrium - epidermal tissue

6) Which of the following tissues makes up the majority of the interior of the plant?

A) ground tissue

B) epidermal tissue

C) meristem

D) vascular tissue

7) Which of the following tissues forms the outer protective covering of the plant?

A) epidermal tissue

B) ground tissue

C) meristematic tissue

D) vascular tissue

8) Which of the following tissues transports water and nutrients within the plant?

A) epidermal tissue

B) ground tissue

C) meristematic tissue

D) vascular tissue

9) Label the leaf arrangements as opposite, whorled, or alternate.

A. ________

B. ________

C. ________

10) In older woody plants, the epidermis of the stem is replaced by

A) trichomes.

B) tracheids.

C) collenchyma.

D) periderm.

11) All of the following are taproots that are consumed as vegetables EXCEPT

A) carrots.

B) celery.

C) turnips.

D) radishes.

E) beets.

12) Which statement is NOT true of the epidermis of a plant?

A) The epidermis covers the entire body of a herbaceous plant.

B) Guard cells are specialized epidermal cells found on root surfaces.

C) The epidermis is impervious to gas exchange.

D) Root hairs increase the surface area of epidermal cells on roots.

E) Cork cells replace epidermal cells on older woody plants.

13) Which of these plant tissue types most closely corresponds to the "typical" unspecialized plant cell?

A) xylem

B) phloem

C) collenchyma

D) sclerenchyma

E) parenchyma

14) The layers of cells that protect the root apical meristem are the

A) cortex.

B) endodermis.

C) bark.

D) root cap.

E) periderm.

15) Using the word bank, name the labeled structures. Briefly describe their function (shoot system, root system, terminal bud, internode, node, stem, axillary bud, leaf, petiole).

A. ________

B. ________

C. ________

D. ________

16) Using the word bank, name the labeled structures. Briefly describe their function (shoot system, root system, terminal bud, internode, node, stem, axillary bud, leaf, petiole).

E. ________

F.  ________

G. ________

H. ________

17) Which of these plant tissue types is composed of hollow nonliving tracheids and vessel elements that transport water and nutrient minerals from the roots to the leaves?

A) xylem

B) phloem

C) collenchyma

D) sclerenchyma

E) parenchyma

18) Which of these plant tissue types is composed of cells with primary walls thickened at the corners that provide support for immature parts of the cell body?

A) xylem

B) phloem

C) collenchyma

D) sclerenchyma

E) parenchyma

19) Which of these plant tissue types is composed of sieve-tube members and companion cells, and transports organic nutrients made in the leaves?

A) xylem

B) phloem

C) collenchyma

D) sclerenchyma

E) parenchyma

20) Which of these vascular tissue cells is alive but lacks a nucleus?

A) tracheid

B) sieve-tube members

C) vessel element

D) companion cell

21) If this structure were nibbled off by browsing deer, it would decrease the potential for an increase in height of the plant.

A) the axillary bud

B) the bark

C) the terminal bud

D) the leaf scar

E) the stem

22) You need to identify a plant, but it is winter and the leaves have fallen to the ground and mixed with leaves from other plants. The parts of flowers, fruits, and seed leaves of germinating seeds are not available either. Your best clue to identify the plants as a monocot or a eudicot is to

A) inspect the stem for woody bark, as only eudicots have woody tissue.

B) determine if there are parallel xylem tubes in the stem to identify it as a monocot.

C) determine if the roots lack phloem and xylem to identify it as a monocot.

D) cut the stem and if the vascular bundles are in a distinct ring, it is a monocot.

E) cut the stem and if the vascular bundles are scattered in the stem, it is a monocot.

23) To prepare a microscope slide of mitosis, where would one most likely find examples of cell division in a plant?

A) near the root tip

B) in a tree trunk, near the center

C) anywhere in the mesophyll of a leaf

D) at the center of a root, back from the tip

24) Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the arrangement of tissues in the eudicot root?

A) The specialized root tissues are seen at the zone of maturation.

B) The epidermis of the root has no cuticle on its outer surface, unlike other epidermal tissues.

C) The pericycle is the outer layer of cells in the vascular cylinder, with the ability to form secondary or branch roots.

D) The star-shaped phloem is located in the center of the vascular cylinder, with xylem arranged between the arms of phloem.

E) The Casparian strip is a waxy lining on four sides of the cells of the endodermis, which forces water into the endodermal cells.

25) Which statement is NOT true about vascular tissue in plants?

A) In leaves, the vascular tissue is found in the leaf veins.

B) In stems, the vascular tissue is found in the vascular bundles.

C) Phloem cells are hollow and nonliving, and they form a continuous pipeline that transports sugars.

D) Xylem cells are hollow and nonliving, and they form a continuous pipeline that transports water and minerals.

E) In roots, the vascular tissue is found in the central vascular cylinder.

26) Consider the possibility that we discover a gene that regulates both the amount of root hairs and where root hairs grow on a root tip. Since the surface area provided by root hairs is so critical to their uptake of water and nutrients, expanding their growth area seems a great advantage. However, which of these might be a problem?

A) Growth of root hairs in the zone of cell division would interfere with root cell proliferation.

B) Growth of root hairs in the root cap would cause them to be shredded off since this area takes substantial abrasion.

C) Growth of root hairs in the zone of elongation would cause them to be shredded off as they anchored in soil and the root lengthened.

D) All of these choices pose a problem.

27) A fifteen-foot tree growing in a fence row is used as a fence post, to which barbed wire is stapled at a height of five feet. Years later, the tree is thirty feet high. The fence is

A) twenty feet up because it added fifteen feet to the original five-foot height.

B) split because the trunk grew up but the bottom stayed at ground level.

C) fifteen feet up because the tree doubled in height.

D) twenty feet up, still ten feet from the top of the tree.

E) approximately five feet up since a tree grows longer at the tips of its stem, branches, and roots.

28) An axillary bud may produce

A) nothing—it is shed with the leaf.

B) a lateral branch or a flower.

C) wood and lateral branches.

D) inhibitors of growth.

29) Identify this plant as a monocot or eudicot after examining its stem and leaf.

A) This plant is a monocot.

B) This plant is a eudicot.

C) Not enough information is provided to differentiate the plant as a monocot or eudicot.

30) Identify the labeled zones and briefly state what occurs in each region.

A. ________

B. ________

C. ________

31) Vascular tissue that transports organic nutrients and sugars from the leaves to the roots is

A) xylem.

B) phloem.

C) cambium.

D) periderm.

E) sclerenchyma.

32) Which one or more of the following is true about root endodermis? 

A) The endodermis forms a boundary between the cortex and inner vascular cylinder of the root.

B) The endodermis contains impermeable lignin and suberin called a Casparian strip that controls water and nutrient movement between adjacent cell walls.

C) The endodermis is two to three layers of spherical cells.

D) All of the choices are true of root endodermis.

E) The endodermis forms a boundary between the cortex and inner vascular cylinder of the root and contains impermeable lignin and suberin.

33) If a plant contains seven bud scale scars this would indicate that the plant is ________ years old.

A) four

B) seven

C) fourteen

D) You cannot tell the age of a plant by the number of bundle scars.

34) Which statement about leaves is NOT correct?

A) The epidermis is covered by a waxy layer of cuticle that reduces water loss.

B) Gas exchange occurs through tiny openings in the leaf surface called stomata.

C) Regulation of gas exchange through the leaf is the responsibility of the guard cells.

D) Vascular tissue is arranged in a net pattern in eudicots and a parallel pattern in monocots.

E) In eudicots, the photosynthetic mesophyll is made up of an upper spongy layer and a lower palisade layer.

35) Plant roots function to

A) anchor the plant.

B) store the products of photosynthesis.

C) produce hormones that stimulate stem growth.

D) All of the choices are plant root functions.

36) Which of the following structures is an underground horizontal stem?

A) bulb

B) rhizome

C) corm

D) stolon

37) Identify the leaf pictured as a compound or simple leaf. Explain what observations were used to make your decision.

38) Which statement is NOT true about woody stems?

A) Woody stems contain secondary growth.

B) Secondary phloem accumulates to form the wood.

C) The stem is organized into a central pith, wood, and outer bark.

D) Cork cambium produces waterproof cork cells that become bark.

E) The vascular cambium is located between the xylem and phloem of the vascular bundles in a woody stem.

39) The mesophyll layer of leaves is important to plants because

A) it keeps the plant from drying out.

B) it anchors the plant to the soil.

C) most of the water needed for photosynthesis is absorbed here.

D) most of the photosynthesis occurs here.

40) Which of the following statements best describes a herbaceous eudicot stem?

A) Vascular bundles are arranged scattered throughout the stem which also stores water and the products of photosynthesis.

B) Vascular bundles are arranged in a ring and the cortex and pith are not distinguishable.

C) Vascular bundles are arranged in a ring which stores water and the products of photosynthesis.

D) Vascular bundles are scattered throughout the stem which is also capable of conducting photosynthesis.

E) The stem is composed of primary and secondary tissues.

41) Considering that leaf stoma have the conflicting functions of allowing gaseous carbon dioxide into the leaf, yet preserving the plant's supply of water, which of the following is (are) reasonable?

A) A submerged-water plant would have no stoma.

B) Tree leaves that orient flat and present the top side to the sun would have most of their stoma on the bottom of the leaf.

C) Corn, oats, rice, and wheat-all monocots-have relative upright blades with sunlight hitting both sides and would have stoma distributed evenly on both sides.

D) All of the choices are reasonable.

E) None of the choices are reasonable, since stoma are found uniformly on all type of leaves.

42) Mycorrhizae are associations between bacteria and the roots of select plants.

43) The shoot system of the plant is the aboveground portion that includes stems and leaves for capturing the energy of sunlight.

44) Vascular tissue extends through the roots, stems, and leaves of the entire plant.

45) Monocot roots have centrally located ground tissue called pith, surrounded by a ring of xylem and phloem bundles.

46) The outer annual rings where transport occurs is called heartwood.

47) Strawberry plants vegetatively reproduce by forming new plants where the nodes of stolons touch the ground.

48) Describe three of the key features that you can use to identify whether a plant is a monocot or a eudicot.

49) Identify the incorrect pairing of tissue type with cell type.

A) ground tissue - collenchyma cells

B) epidermal tissue - parenchyma cells

C) vascular tissue - xylem

D) epidermal tissue - cuticle

50) Which of the following tissue types are found only in the zone of cell division of the root tip?

A) xylem & phloem

B) endodermis

C) ground meristem

D) None of these are restricted to just the zone of cell division of the root tip.

E) All of these are restricted to the zone of cell division of the root tip.

51) Explain how various leaves have evolved to capture insects.

52) Which of the following structures is a stem adaptation instead of a root adaptation?

A) stolons

B) rhizomes

C) tubers

D) corms

E) These are all are stem adaptations.

53) Which of the following features are necessary to classify a plant as a monocot?

A) The plant will contain one cotyledon, have parallel veins in the leaves, and the flowers will be in multiples of threes.

B) The plant will contain two cotyledons, have parallel veins in the leaves, and the flowers will be in multiples of threes.

C) The plant will contain one cotyledon, have a netted vein pattern in the leaves, and the flowers will be in multiples of threes.

D) The plant will contain one cotyledon, have parallel veins in the leaves, and the flowers will be in multiples of fours or fives.

E) The plant will contain one cotyledon, have vascular bundles in a distinct ring, and the flowers will be in multiples of threes.

54) Many homeowners often attempt to transplant bushes and small trees but with limited success.  Which of the following is the most likely reason for this?

A) Most homeowners pull the bush out without clearing enough of the soil from around the root system. This causes the lateral roots and root hairs to be torn off.

B) Most homeowners pull the bush out without clearing enough of the soil from around the root system. This causes the branching roots to be torn off.

C) Most homeowners cut the bush off at the base and don't have any of the root system available.

D) Most homeowners remove too many of the leaves, not allowing the plant to efficiently run photosynthesis.

55) A typical leaf is composed of multiple layers of specialized cells.  What is the correct order of layers starting on the upper surface of the leaf and progressing to the lower surface?

A) cuticle - epidermis - palisade mesophyll - spongy mesophyll- epidermis - cuticle

B) cuticle - epidermis - palisade mesophyll - epidermis - spongy mesophyll - cuticle

C) epidermis - cuticle - epidermis - palisade mesophyll - epidermis - spongy mesophyll

D) palisade mesophyll - cuticle - epidermis - epidermis - spongy mesophyll - cuticle

56) Which of the following tissue types will produce root hairs within the zone of maturation?

A) epidermis

B) cortex

C) endodermis

D) vascular tissue

57) Farmers have been able to genetically engineer a wide variety of crops that possess an enormous diversity of traits. If a farmer wanted to increase the ability of his crops to access ground water that is several meters below ground which type of root system would he want?

A) taproot

B) prop roots

C) fibrous roots

D) pneumatophores

E) aerial roots

58) An insect destroying the ________ layer of tissues in a leaf would lead to a decrease in the ability of gas exchange within the leaf.

A) spongy mesophyll

B) palisade mesophyll

C) xylem

D) epidermis

E) cuticle

59) Describe the pathway that a drop of water would go through starting at the root system and leaving at the leaf.  Be sure to indicate the various tissue types that the water will come in contact with along its pathway.

60) During the spring and fall each year thousands of maple trees are tapped for their fluids in order to make "real" maple syrup. If you were to tap into a maple tree to extract the syrup (sucrose) which tissue layer do you want to tap into?

A) phloem

B) xylem

C) epidermis

D) ground tissue

E) periderm

61) Damage to the parenchyma cells can lead to which of the following issues?

A) a decrease in the plant's ability to run photosynthesis or store the sugars produced from photosynthesis

B) an increase in the plant's ability to run photosynthesis and storing the sugars produced from photosynthesis

C) a decrease in the plant's ability to defend against predators

D) a decrease in the structural support for various components of the plant

62) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of plant cells?

A) Centrioles are present during mitosis.

B) Cell wall is present.

C) Plasmodesmata are present.

D) Plastids are present.

63) The number of growing seasons that a plant survives is determined by two flower-inducing genes, LEAFY and Apetala 1. If scientists were to block these genes resulting in an annual plant to survive multiple growing seasons, how would this plant now be described? 

A) perennial

B) monocot

C) eudicot

D) vegetative