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Ch.25 | Test Bank + Answers – Flowering Plants Nutrition And

Biology, 13e (Mader)

Chapter 25 Flowering Plants: Nutrition and Transport

1) How can researchers confirm that phloem moves from a source to a sink?

A) They can observe aphids and cut off their beaks.

B) They can study the cause of maple sap flow in producing syrup.

C) They can observe the effects of girdling a tree below the level of the majority of leaves.

D) They can use radioactive tracers to measure the flow of sap between two distances over time.

E) They can observe the uptake of ink into the stem of celery.

2) In the pressure-flow model of phloem transport, the sink is normally

A) the stem.

B) the roots.

C) xylem.

D) lenticels.

3) Which statement is NOT true about the pressure-flow model of phloem transport?

A) Water is actively transported into phloem.

B) Phloem has been measured moving at a velocity of 1 m an hour.

C) Pressure is created in the phloem by the buildup of water and sugar.

D) Sugar produced by photosynthesis is actively transported into phloem cells.

E) Sugar is actively transported out of the phloem at a sink area such as the root.

4) Analysis of the nutrient content of phloem is performed on phloem sap that is made available when an aphid is cut away from its stylet.

5) List the steps associated with the pressure-flow model of phloem transport.

6) List the steps associated with the cohesion-tension model of xylem transport.

7) Which of the following conducting cells are associated with xylem?

A) tracheids & vessel elements

B) sieve-tube members & companion cells

C) vessel elements & companion cells

D) sieve-tube members & vessel elements

E) tracheids & sieve-tube members

8) Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for optimal plant growth because it is used to build

A) nucleic acids.

B) protein.

C) mitochondria.

D) DNA.

E) All of these are correct.

9) Which of the following is NOT involved in mineral uptake by plant roots?

A) cuticles that protect surfaces

B) root nodules that fix atmospheric nitrogen

C) root hairs that increase surface area

D) expending energy in uptake/active transport

10) The early experiment by Van Helmont (1600s) describes how he grew a tree in a large pot and found that after five years, the amount of soil in the pot had not changed. He concluded that the increase in weight was due to the addition of water. At that time, the compounds in air had not yet been identified. Today, you know that he only discovered half the story. Which additional experiment would provide evidence for the rest of the story?

A) Carbon is discovered as a major element in trees and is lacking in water molecules.

B) Radioactive carbon in carbon dioxide in the air is identified as part of the tree structure.

C) A very careful measurement of the water taken in and lost by the tree would have revealed only half the added weight gained by the tree was from water.

D) Analysis of nutrients in the soil would account for half the weight of the tree.

E) All of the experiments but for an analysis of nutrients in the soil would account for half the weight of the tree.

11) Which of the following particles are retained by clay soil and exchanged for hydrogen ions when plants take them up?

A) calcium & potassium

B) calcium & ammonium

C) sodium & sulphur

D) iron & boron

E) calcium & copper

12) Which of the following is NOT one of the three most common elements in plants?

A) oxygen

B) sulfur

C) carbon

D) hydrogen

13) Mature soil generally has three horizons. Label the soil horizons A, B, and C in the following picture. In addition, describe the contents of the horizons by labeling D through G.

D. ________

E. ________

F. ________

G. ________

14) Soil formation is due to

A) decomposition of organic matter.

B) mechanical weathering of bedrock.

C) chemical weathering of rock.

D) All of the choices are correct.

15) The main components of soil are

A) a mixture of soil particles of different sizes.

B) both living organisms and decaying organic material.

C) air and water.

D) All of these are components that define soil.

16) Arrange the soil particles according to size, from largest to smallest: silt, clay, and sand. Briefly describe the content of loam soils in terms of these three particles and tell why loam soils are the most productive.

17) Which is a correct relationship between soil particles and soil characteristics?

A) Clay particles hold tight to NO3- and the nitrogen content of clay soils is therefore high.

B) Clay is unable to retain Ca2+ and K+ which are easily leached away.

C) Clay holds water and clumps.

D) Sand prevents water erosion and leaching.

18) Some scientists predict that the Earth will lose almost all of its topsoil by the middle of the next century. What factors are involved in the erosion of soil?

A) deforestation

B) desertization

C) poor farming practices

D) All of these factors cause erosion.

19) The degree of erosion in the United States is best described by the following statement.

A) There is a set amount of soil that was originally formed and erosion continually removes some of it; therefore we will one day run out of topsoil due to erosion.

B) Farmland soil is eroding faster than it is being formed.

C) Removal of trees helps build up topsoil and prevents erosion.

D) Soil forms at generally the same rate as soil erodes, so there is an overall balance just as worldwide precipitation equals evaporation; it is just not evenly spread across the landscape.

20) The coastal wetlands are losing soil at an alarming rate. In Louisiana, it is estimated that 24 mi2 of wetlands are lost each year, which equates to one football field every 38 minutes. Why is the loss of these wetlands so critical?

21) Which statement is NOT true about root adaptations in plants?

A) Some plants have very poorly developed roots or none at all.

B) Fungal mycorrhizae depend on plants for the fungus's supply of water and minerals.

C) Some plants, including orchids, require the presence of fungal symbionts to survive.

D) Parasitic plants have root adaptations called haustoria that draw nutrients from the host.

E) Bacteria of the genus Rhizobium live in root nodules in legumes, producing available nitrogen that the plant uses.

22) The carbon needed to build organic compounds in plants comes from ________, while the hydrogen and oxygen comes from ________.

A) oxygen in the atmosphere; hydrogen peroxide

B) carbon dioxide; water

C) carbohydrates; hydrogen and oxygen gasses in the atmosphere

D) glucose; hydrochloric acid

23) Which term describes the forcing out of water at the surface of a plant's leaves?

A) water stress

B) atmospheric pressure

C) root pressure

D) guttation

E) transpiration

24) Evaporation of water through the stomata of leaves is

A) guttation.

B) respiration.

C) transpiration.

D) photosynthesis.

25) Which statement is NOT true about water uptake in a plant root?

A) Water enters the root from the soil by osmosis.

B) Water enters the cytoplasm of the root hairs by active transport.

C) Water travels by diffusion through the cell walls of the epidermis and cortex.

D) Water must enter the cytoplasm of the endodermal cells to get past the Casparian strip.

26) Which type of soil is best able to retain calcium and potassium, preventing them from being leached away by runoff?

A) clay

B) humus

C) sand

D) All soils are equal in preventing leaching of minerals.

E) None of these soils would prevent leaching of minerals.

27) If you cut a herbaceous stem and observe fluids continually seeping upward and out of the cut, it is most likely due to

A) root pressure.

B) turgor pressure.

C) active transport by phloem.

D) tension caused by transpiration.

E) cohesion to the xylem walls.

28) Because most roots need gaseous oxygen as well as liquid water, the best soil for agricultural plants is

A) sand, since it has the greatest pore spaces.

B) clay, since it holds onto water better than silt or sand.

C) silt, because it is intermediate between sand and clay in size.

D) loam, which is a mixture of all size soil particles, and therefore is able to hold water but drain well.

E) All sizes of soil particles (sand, silt, clay) are equal in soil properties.

29) When you have waxed your car, rainfall makes very large droplets that roll around on the hood. This property of the water molecule is known as

A) adhesion.

B) turgor pressure.

C) cohesion.

D) transpiration.

E) negative pressure potential.

30) Which force is responsible for moving water up to the tops of the trees?

A) water stress

B) atmospheric pressure

C) root pressure

D) guttation

E) transpiration

31) Which force pushes water into the xylem as osmosis moves water into the root?

A) water stress

B) atmospheric pressure

C) root pressure

D) guttation

E) transpiration

32) Rhizobium bacteria live in root nodules and

A) fix atmospheric nitrogen to NH4+ to build organic compounds.

B) fix carbon dioxide so that the carbon may be used to build glucose.

C) increase the surface area, thereby increasing the water absorbing capacity of the plant's roots.

D) All of the answer choices are correct.

33) All of the following statements about the cohesion-tension model are true EXCEPT

A) there is no expenditure of energy.

B) it is a model of how water and minerals are transported in xylem.

C) it is dependent on the cohesive and adhesive properties of water.

D) tension created by transpiration in the leaves pulls water along the phloem from the roots hairs to the leaves.

34) Which statement is NOT true about stomata?

A) As guard cells become turgid, the stomata open.

B) There are two guard cells around each stomata.

C) Guard cells take up potassium ions and water enters the guard cells.

D) The blue light component of sunlight is a signal that can cause stomata to close.

E) Stomata open and close on a daily basis, even if kept in the dark, on a circadian rhythm.

Hypothesis I: A flavin pigment absorbs blue light; this pigment then activates the proton pump.

Hypothesis II: When CO2 concentration rises, a membrane receptor inactivates the proton pump

35) Which hypothesis is supported by the fact that stomata open when exposed to white light, a mixture of all colors of light?

A) Supports both hypothesis I and II.

B) Supports only hypothesis I.