Chapter 13: Communities

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. People bound together by geography or by webs of communication, sharing common ties, and interacting with one another best describes which of the following?

a. neighborhood

b. urban area

c. rural area

d. community

Learning Objective: 13-2: Define community, territorial community, relational community, and sense of community.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: A Definition of Community

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Having a perception of similarity with others, an acknowledged interdependence with others, a willingness to maintain this interdependence by doing what is expected, and the feeling that one is part of a larger dependable and stable structure best defines which of the following?

a. sense of community

b. sense of attachment

c. sense of neighborhood

d. sense of responsibility

Learning Objective: 13-2: Define community, territorial community, relational community, and sense of community.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: A Definition of Community

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Community based on voluntary interaction is defined as a ______.

a. rural community

b. relational community

c. territorial community

d. urban community

Learning Objective: 13-2: Define community, territorial community, relational community, and sense of community.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Territorial Community and Relational Community

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Community based on geography or territory is defined as a ______.

a. rural community

b. relational community

c. territorial community

d. urban community

Learning Objective: 13-2: Define community, territorial community, relational community, and sense of community.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Territorial Community and Relational Community

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. A community where relationships are personal and traditional is known as ______.

a. gesellschaft

b. gemeinschaft

c. relational

d. territorial

Learning Objective: 13-2: Define community, territorial community, relational community, and sense of community.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Contrasting Types Approach

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. A community where relationships are impersonal and contractual is known as ______.

a. gesellschaft

b. gemeinschaft

c. relational

d. territorial

Learning Objective: 13-4: Critique five theoretical approaches to the study of communities (contrasting types, spatial arrangements, social systems, social capital, and conflict).

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Contrasting Types Approach

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Patterns of meanings, use of language, and symbols that guide thinking, feelings, and behaviors are related to ______.

a. community well-being

b. community connectedness

c. community culture

d. community structure

Learning Objective: 13-4: Critique five theoretical approaches to the study of communities (contrasting types, spatial arrangements, social systems, social capital, and conflict).

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Systems Approach

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Network of relationships, institutions, and economic and political factors are related to ______.

a. community well-being

b. community connectedness

c. community culture

d. community structure

Learning Objective: 13-4: Critique five theoretical approaches to the study of communities (contrasting types, spatial arrangements, social systems, social capital, and conflict).

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Systems Approach

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Interactions that take place with other members of the community are referred to as ______.

a. horizontal linkage

b. bonding social capital

c. network

d. vertical linkage

Learning Objective: 13-4: Critique five theoretical approaches to the study of communities (contrasting types, spatial arrangements, social systems, social capital, and conflict).

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Systems Approach

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Interactions with individuals and systems outside the community are referred to as ______.

a. horizontal linkages

b. bonding social capital

c. network

d. vertical linkage

Learning Objective: 13-4: Critique five theoretical approaches to the study of communities (contrasting types, spatial arrangements, social systems, social capital, and conflict).

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Systems Approach

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. When a community is homogenous, inward looking, and tends to mobilize solidarity and in-group loyalty it is referred to as ______.

a. network

b. bonding social capital

c. personal community

d. bridging social capital

Learning Objective: 13-4: Critique five theoretical approaches to the study of communities (contrasting types, spatial arrangements, social systems, social capital, and conflict).

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Systems Approach

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. When a community is outward looking and diverse and links its community members to assets and information across community boundaries it refers to ______.

a. network

b. bonding social capital

c. personal community

d. bridging social capital

Learning Objective: 13-4: Critique five theoretical approaches to the study of communities (contrasting types, spatial arrangements, social systems, social capital, and conflict).

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Systems Approach

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Which of the following is defined as the set of social relations or social ties among a set of actors?

a. bonding social capital

b. bridging social capital

c. network

d. community culture

Learning Objective: 13-4: Critique five theoretical approaches to the study of communities (contrasting types, spatial arrangements, social systems, social capital, and conflict).

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Systems Approach

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. Social capital is defined as ______.

a. community culture

b. community cohesion

c. community structure

d. community relations

Learning Objective: 13-4: Critique five theoretical approaches to the study of communities (contrasting types, spatial arrangements, social systems, social capital, and conflict).

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Capital Approach

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. The capacity of community residents to achieve social control over the environment and to engage in collective action for the common good is referred to as ______.

a. collective efficacy

b. empowerment

c. self-efficacy

d. community strength

Learning Objective: 13-4: Critique five theoretical approaches to the study of communities (contrasting types, spatial arrangements, social systems, social capital, and conflict).

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Capital Approach

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. What model of community practice that is political in nature emphasizes social reform and challenges structural inequalities?

a. social planning model

b. locality or social development

c. social action model

d. conflict model

Learning Objective: 13-5: Analyze the major tensions in social work’s approach to communities, including community as context or target of practice, agency orientation versus social action, conflict model of practice versus collaborative model, and expert versus partner in the change process.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Agency Orientation Versus Social Action

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. When community members come together to identify community problems, resources, and solutions, it is ______.

a. social planning model

b. community-building model

c. social action model

d. conflict model

Learning Objective: 13-5: Analyze the major tensions in social work’s approach to communities, including community as context or target of practice, agency orientation versus social action, conflict model of practice versus collaborative model, and expert versus partner in the change process.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Expert Versus Partner in the Social Change Process

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. When change is brought about in a community by expert planners and the community power structure is the author of social change, it is ______.

a. social planning model

b. locality or social development

c. social action model

d. conflict model

Learning Objective: 13.5 Analyze the major tensions in social work’s approach to communities, including community as context or target of practice, agency orientation versus social action, conflict model of practice versus collaborative model, and expert versus partner in the change process.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Expert Versus Partner in the Social Change Process

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. Local knowledge, local resources, and availability of outside help are three assumptions of which of the following models?

a. social planning model

b. agency-based model

c. social action model

d. PRA model

Learning Objective: 13-5: Analyze the major tensions in social work’s approach to communities, including community as context or target of practice, agency orientation versus social action, conflict model of practice versus collaborative model, and expert versus partner in the change process.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Expert Versus Partner in the Social Change Process

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. Social work planners and administrators should be familiar with computerized techniques for mapping social data, such as ______.

a. sociograms

b. geographic information systems

c. spatial analysis

d. ecomaps

Learning Objective: 13-4: Critique five theoretical approaches to the study of communities (contrasting types, spatial arrangements, social systems, social capital, and conflict).

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Special Arrangements Approach

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. Transnational communities are a growing trend characterized by ______.

a. connections to both communities of origin and newly inhabited communities

b. primarily one’s community of origin

c. primarily one’s newly inhabited community

d. connections to neither community of origin nor one’s newly inhabited community

Learning Objective: 13-4: Critique five theoretical approaches to the study of communities (contrasting types, spatial arrangements, social systems, social capital, and conflict).

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Social Capital Approach

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. Web-based services that allow individuals to construct a public or semi-public profile within a bounded system are known as ______.

a. transnational communities

b. relational communities

c. social networking sites

d. hard copy sites

Learning Objective: 13-2: Define community, territorial community, relational community, and sense of community.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Territorial Community and Relational Community

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. The most frequently used medium for communication is ______.

a. landline phone

b. Facebook

c. e-mail

d. the mobile phone

Learning Objective: 13-2: Define community, territorial community, relational community, and sense of community.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Territorial Community and Relational Community

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. The most recent research suggests that, compared to non-users, users of internet social networking ______.

a. are more diverse and have more non-kin in their networks

b. depend more on neighbors to provide services

c. communicate less with those of different political affiliations

d. are more intelligent

Learning Objective: 13-2: Define community, territorial community, relational community, and sense of community.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Territorial Community and Relational Community

Difficulty Level: Medium

25. Geographic Information Systems holds much promise for social work planning and administration because ______.

a. it has the potential to empower disenfranchised community groups

b. it can identify resources and hazards in relation to where social work clients live

c. it can identify areas with unmet social service needs

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 13-4: Critique five theoretical approaches to the study of communities (contrasting types, spatial arrangements, social systems, social capital, and conflict).

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Spatial Arrangements Approach

Difficulty Level: Easy

26. In the community building model, members of the community would be considered the experts in ______.

a. budgeting

b. funding opportunities

c. service delivery

d. needs of families

Learning Objective: 13-5: Analyze the major tensions in social work’s approach to communities, including community as context or target of practice, agency orientation versus social action, conflict model of practice versus collaborative model, and expert versus partner in the change process.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Expert Versus Partner in the Social Change Process

Difficulty Level: Medium

27. The text identifies five perspectives on community. Four of these can be applied to both territorial and relational community. Which perspective is associated only with territorial communities?

a. conflict

b. spatial arrangements

c. social systems

d. social capital

Learning Objective: 13-4: Critique five theoretical approaches to the study of communities (contrasting types, spatial arrangements, social systems, social capital, and conflict).

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Theoretical Approaches to Community

Difficulty Level: Hard

28. Power can be grown, human behavior is motivated by mutual self-interest, people are basically good, and the wealthy and the poor can work together; these are assumptions for which practice model?

a. participatory rural appraisal

b. consensus organizing

c. social capital

d. psychological sense of community

Learning Objective: 13-5: Analyze the major tensions in social work’s approach to communities, including community as context or target of practice, agency orientation versus social action, conflict model of practice versus collaborative model, and expert versus partner in the change process.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Conflict Model of Practice Versus Collaborative Model

Difficulty Level: Medium

29. In understanding contrasting types of relational communities that are based on networks of interaction rather than territory, Wellman identified all of the following types of communities, except ______.

a. community saved

b. community gained

c. community lost

d. community liberated

Learning Objective: 13-4: Critique five theoretical approaches to the study of communities (contrasting types, spatial arrangements, social systems, social capital, and conflict).

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Contrasting Types Approach

Difficulty Level: Hard

30. Which of the following was not one of the peak periods of intense social work interest in the community in the United States?

a. Depression years of the 1930s

b. progressive era at the turn of the 20th century

c. civil rights era of the 1960s

d. the ERA battle of 1970–1980

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize key points in the history of social work and communities.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Workers and Communities: Our History

Difficulty Level: Medium

31. Greater use of technology is associated with all of the following except increased ______.

a. dependency on neighbors for companionship

b. diversity in social networks

c. non-kin networks

d. core discussion networks

Learning Objective: 13-2: Define community, territorial community, relational community, and sense of community.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Territorial Community and Relational Community

Difficulty Level: Hard

32. The goal of ______ research is to understand the underlying rules and patterns of everyday life, in a particular location, or among a particular group, from the native point of view.

a. qualitative

b. ethnographic

c. quantitative

d. focus group

Learning Objective: 13-4: Critique five theoretical approaches to the study of communities (contrasting types, spatial arrangements, social systems, social capital, and conflict).

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Systems Approach

Difficulty Level: Easy

33. Which of the following is a true statement about social work and the community?

a. Social work’s involvement in the community is relatively new.

b. There is general agreement about appropriate roles for social workers.

c. There have been multiple peak periods of intense social work interest in the community within the U.S.

d. Social work’s relationship with the community has been the same over time.

Learning Objective: 13-5: Analyze the major tensions in social work’s approach to communities, including community as context or target of practice, agency orientation versus social action, conflict model of practice versus collaborative model, and expert versus partner in the change process.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Social Workers and Communities: Our History

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. A definition of both territorial and relational communities is that people are bound either by geography or by webs of communication, sharing common ties, and interacting with one another.

Learning Objective: 13-2: Define community, territorial community, relational community, and sense of community.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Territorial Community and Relational Community

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. When people have a sense of community, they feel they are a part of a larger dependable and stable structure and perceive both a similarity and interdependence with others.

Learning Objective: 13-2: Define community, territorial community, relational community, and sense of community.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: A Definition of Community

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. A characteristic of a gemeinschaft community is that people have a strong identification with community.

Learning Objective: 13-4: Critique five theoretical approaches to the study of communities (contrasting types, spatial arrangements, social systems, social capital, and conflict).

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Contrasting Types Approach

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. A characteristic of a gesellschaft community is that people have little identification with community.

Learning Objective: 13-4: Critique five theoretical approaches to the study of communities (contrasting types, spatial arrangements, social systems, social capital, and conflict).

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Contrasting Types Approach

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. An aspect of community culture is patterns of meanings.

Learning Objective: 13-4: Critique five theoretical approaches to the study of communities (contrasting types, spatial arrangements, social systems, social capital, and conflict).

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Systems Approach

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. An aspect of community structure is network of relationships.

Learning Objective: 13-4: Critique five theoretical approaches to the study of communities (contrasting types, spatial arrangements, social systems, social capital, and conflict).

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social systems approach

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. A network is considered to be a set of social relations or social ties among a set of actors.

Learning Objective: 13-4: Critique five theoretical approaches to the study of communities (contrasting types, spatial arrangements, social systems, social capital, and conflict).

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Systems Approach

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Social capital is considered to be a reflection of community structure.

Learning Objective: 13-4: Critique five theoretical approaches to the study of communities (contrasting types, spatial arrangements, social systems, social capital, and conflict).

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Capital Approach

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. A social action model for social change challenges social inequalities.

Learning Objective: 13-5: Analyze the major tensions in social work’s approach to communities, including community as context or target of practice, agency orientation versus social action, conflict model of practice versus collaborative model, and expert versus partner in the change process.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Agency Orientation Versus Social Action

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. A community development model for social change is based on using expert planners to determine the direction of change.

Learning Objective: 13-5: Analyze the major tensions in social work’s approach to communities, including community as context or target of practice, agency orientation versus social action, conflict model of practice versus collaborative model, and expert versus partner in the change process.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Conflict Model of Practice Versus Collaborative Model

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. A social planning model for change is based on the assumption of shared interests rather than conflicting interests.

Learning Objective: 13-5: Analyze the major tensions in social work’s approach to communities, including community as context or target of practice, agency orientation versus social action, conflict model of practice versus collaborative model, and expert versus partner in the change process.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Expert Versus Partner in the Social Change Process

Difficulty Level: Hard

Essay

1. According to the book, what are the three essential elements of community?

Learning Objective: 13-2: Define community, territorial community, relational community, and sense of community.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: A Definition of Community

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. According to the book, what are the four essential elements for having a sense of community?

Learning Objective: 13-2: Define community, territorial community, relational community, and sense of community.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: A Definition of Community

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. List the four characteristics associated with gemeinschaft communities.

Learning Objective: 13-4: Critique five theoretical approaches to the study of communities (contrasting types, spatial arrangements, social systems, social capital, and conflict).

Cognitive Domain: Comprehensive

Answer Location: Contrasting Types Approach

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. List the four characteristics associated with gesellschaft communities.

Learning Objective: 13-4: Critique five theoretical approaches to the study of communities (contrasting types, spatial arrangements, social systems, social capital, and conflict).

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Contrasting Types Approach

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. Define the following four elements of communities: contact, range, intimacy, and immediate kinship/friendship.

Learning Objective: 13-4: Critique five theoretical approaches to the study of communities (contrasting types, spatial arrangements, social systems, social capital, and conflict).

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Contrasting Types Approach

Difficulty Level: Hard

6. According to the book, what are the three aspects of community culture?

Learning Objective: 13-4: Critique five theoretical approaches to the study of communities (contrasting types, spatial arrangements, social systems, social capital, and conflict).

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Social Systems Approach

Difficulty Level: Hard

7. According to the book, what are the four aspects of community structure?

Learning Objective: 13-4: Critique five theoretical approaches to the study of communities (contrasting types, spatial arrangements, social systems, social capital, and conflict).

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Social Systems Approach

Difficulty Level: Hard

8. Define the social action approach for social change.

Learning Objective: 13-5: Analyze the major tensions in social work’s approach to communities, including community as context or target of practice, agency orientation versus social action, conflict model of practice versus collaborative model, and expert versus partner in the change process.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Agency Orientation Versus Social Change

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Define the community development approach for social change.

Learning Objective: 13-5: Analyze the major tensions in social work’s approach to communities, including community as context or target of practice, agency orientation versus social action, conflict model of practice versus collaborative model, and expert versus partner in the change process.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Conflict Model of Practice Versus Collaborative Model

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Define the social planning model for social change.

Learning Objective: 13-5: Analyze the major tensions in social work’s approach to communities, including community as context or target of practice, agency orientation versus social action, conflict model of practice versus collaborative model, and expert versus partner in the change process.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Expert Versus Partner in the Social Change Process

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Describe the major trends in social networks identified by the Pew Internet & American Life Project.

Learning Objective: 13-2: Define community, territorial community, relational community, and sense of community.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Territorial Community and Relational Community

Difficulty Level: Hard

12. Differentiate between bonding and bridging social capital within the context of social work practice.

Learning Objective: 13-4: Critique five theoretical approaches to the study of communities (contrasting types, spatial arrangements, social systems, social capital, and conflict).

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Social Systems Approach

Difficulty Level: Hard

13. Define capacity building at the community level and discuss it as a strategy to prevent family violence in distressed neighborhoods.

Learning Objective: 13-5: Analyze the major tensions in social work’s approach to communities, including community as context or target of practice, agency orientation versus social action, conflict model of practice versus collaborative model, and expert versus partner in the change process.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Community as Context for Practice Versus Target of Practice

Difficulty Level: Hard

14. How has electronic technology increased relational community?

Learning Objective: 13-2: Define community, territorial community, relational community, and sense of community.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Territorial Community and Relational Community

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. Explain, describe, and discuss your own community in relation to the essential elements of community and sense of community. Consider in your discussion the community elements of linkages, communication, common ties, and interaction, as well as the sense of community elements which include similarities, interdependence, mutual exchanges, and a sense of belonging.

Learning Objective: 13-6: Apply knowledge of communities to recommend guidelines for social work engagement, assessment, intervention, and evaluation.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Social Systems Approach

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. Explain and discuss the various concepts related to thinking about communities as social systems with cultures and structure. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of horizontal linkage and vertical linkage and why healthy communities have both.

Learning Objective: 13-4: Critique five theoretical approaches to the study of communities (contrasting types, spatial arrangements, social systems, social capital, and conflict).

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Social Systems Approach

Difficulty Level: Hard

17. Compare and contrast the conflict model of practice versus the collaborative model of practice. Discuss the different approaches associated with these models: social action, community development, and social planning.

Learning Objective: 13-5: Analyze the major tensions in social work’s approach to communities, including community as context or target of practice, agency orientation versus social action, conflict model of practice versus collaborative model, and expert versus partner in the change process.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Conflict Model of Practice Versus Collaborative Model, Expert Versus Partner in the Social Change Process

Difficulty Level: Hard

18. New electronic technologies have both positive and negative implications for social justice. Identify and discuss these implications and propose ways that social workers can advocate for equal access to electronic technologies.

Learning Objective: 13-2: Define community, territorial community, relational community, and sense of community.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Territorial Community and Relational Community

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. What is network analysis and why is it useful for community social workers?

Learning Objective: 13-4: Critique five theoretical approaches to the study of communities (contrasting types, spatial arrangements, social systems, social capital, and conflict).

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Social Systems Approach

Difficulty Level: Hard

20. Provide a historical perspective about the concerns of the waxing and waning of community involvement using the concept of social capital. Include a summary of the empirical and theoretical literature about social capital.

Learning Objective: 13-4: Critique five theoretical approaches to the study of communities (contrasting types, spatial arrangements, social systems, social capital, and conflict).

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Social Capital Approach

Difficulty Level: Hard

21. Compare and contrast the ideas of community as the context for practice versus community as the target of practice.

Learning Objective: 13-5: Analyze the major tensions in social work’s approach to communities, including community as context or target of practice, agency orientation versus social action, conflict model of practice versus collaborative model, and expert versus partner in the change process.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Community as Context for Practice Versus Target for Practice

Difficulty Level: Hard