Families Test Questions & Answers Ch8

Adolescence, 17e (Santrock)

Chapter 8 Families

1) Today's parent-adolescent relationships are viewed as 

A) one-way processes.

B) collaborative.

C) adversarial.

D) reciprocal.

2) The epigenetic view emphasizes that development is the result of an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between ________ and the ________.

A) parents; adolescent

B) influence; behavior

C) heredity; environment

D) autonomy; secure attachment

3) Bianca's parents fight constantly. As a result, they ignore her. Lately Bianca has begun to stay out late and to hang out with much older friends. Bianca's parents' conflict is having a(n) ________ effect on her behavior. 

A) indirect

B) direct

C) overt

D) covert

4) Which of the following statements regarding the link between marital relationships and parenting is NOT true?

A) Marital satisfaction is often related to good parenting.

B) When parents have more intimacy in their marriage, they are less affectionate to their children and adolescents.

C) Marriage enhancement programs improve parenting.

D) Happily married parents are more sensitive towards their children and adolescents.

5) Which of the following is NOT a change in adolescence that can affect the parent-adolescent relationship?

A) decreased idealistic thought

B) puberty

C) changes in schooling

D) violated expectations

6) Which of the following, according to research, is the MOST stressful to adolescents during the peak of pubertal growth?

A) changes in schooling

B) conflict with parents

C) conflict with peers

D) moving towards independence

7) Annie's mother tells her to change her shorts because they are too tight. Annie wants to know why she should have to change her outfit and says, "Everybody wears their shorts this way." Annie is most likely in which developmental stage?

A) early childhood

B) adolescence

C) middle childhood

D) late childhood

8) Cognitive changes in adolescence that contribute to change in parent-adolescent relationships include all of the following EXCEPT

A) more logical reasoning.

B) increased idealistic thought.

C) changes in the expectations adolescents and parents have for each other.

D) decreased cognitive sophistication.

9) Socioemotional changes that affect parent-adolescent relationships include

A) increased responsibility in school.

B) increased initiative in school.

C) development of more sophisticated friendships.

D) All of these choices are correct.

10) Which of the following changes in parents contribute to parent-adolescent relationships?

A) Parents feel a decreased economic burden when their children are in adolescence.

B) Marital satisfaction increases after adolescents or emerging adults leave home.

C) Parents feel a decreased economic burden when their children are emerging adults.

D) Parents are increasingly comfortable with their own health and attractiveness.

11) Which of the following is an example of an adult developmental trajectory?

A) cohabitation

B) entry into high school

C) timing of child care

D) All of these choices are correct.

12) Which of the following statements about the timing for beginning parenthood has been found to be TRUE?

A) Parents who delayed childbearing have less egalitarian relationships with their adolescents than parents who had children earlier in life.

B) Men who delayed having children until their early thirties were less involved in child care than those who became fathers earlier.

C) The number of adolescent pregnancies increased considerably in the 1970s and 1980s.

D) In the last two decades women have had children earlier than they did 50 years ago.

13) According to research, when Kahlid, age 14, begins to question his parents' authority and resist their standards, his parents may

A) put pressure on him to conform.

B) let him do as he pleases.

C) calmly discuss his attitudes and behavior with him.

D) All of these choices are correct.

14) Elise's parents give her information on an upcoming college fair and talk to her about her potential career choices. Elise's parents are acting as

A) co-parents.

B) managers.

C) collaborators.

D) controllers.

15) Which of the following statements regarding parents as managers is NOT true?

A) Fathers are more likely than mothers to have a managerial role in parenting.

B) Mothers are more likely than fathers to have a managerial role in parenting.

C) Family management practices are positively related to students' grades.

D) Family management practices are negatively related to school problems.

16) Family organization and routine has been shown to be positively related to all of the following factors EXCEPT

A) school-related problems.

B) school attendance.

C) school achievement.

D) paying attention in class.

17) Supervising adolescents' friends, activities, and social settings is known as

A) structuring.

B) monitoring.

C) managing.

D) controlling.

18) Lower rates of parental monitoring have been associated with all of the following problems EXCEPT

A) earlier initiation of marijuana use in 13- to 14-year-olds.

B) increased risk of substance use during adolescence.

C) increased risk of adolescent depression.

D) decreased participation in extra-curricular activities in high school.

19) Parental monitoring has all of the following effects EXCEPT

A) increased likelihood of higher grades.

B) increased likelihood of attending religious services.

C) lower marijuana use during adolescence.

D) consistent use of condoms by adolescents.

20) Which of the following statements regarding adolescents' disclosure to parents about their activities is TRUE? 

A) Disclosure is linked to positive adolescent adjustment.

B) Younger adolescents are more likely than older adolescents to lie to parents if they are concerned about parental disapproval.

C) Older adolescents are more likely than younger adolescents to disclose engagement in risk-taking behavior.

D) Adolescents are more likely to disclose information on matters of privacy than risky actions.

21) Which of the following is NOT one of the parenting styles described by Diana Baumrind?

A) authoritative

B) authoritarian

C) neglectful

D) incompetent

22) Michael's parents never discuss their rules. If he asks for an explanation, they answer, "Because I said so; that's all the explanation you need." Michael's parents are using which style of parenting?

A) authoritarian

B) authoritative

C) neglectful

D) indulgent

23) Research has found that the result of authoritarian parenting is often adolescents who are

A) angry and hostile.

B) antisocial.

C) obsessive-compulsive.

D) socially incompetent.

24) Maureen's parents have clear, reasonable rules, which they communicate and enforce. They also are warm and nurturing towards Maureen and her siblings. Maureen's parents are using which of Diana Baumrind's styles of parenting?

A) indulgent

B) collaborative

C) authoritative

D) authoritarian

25) Delany's parents are uninvolved in her life. She comes and goes as she pleases and she has the sense that she doesn't matter very much to her parents. Delany's parents are using which of Diana Baumrind's styles of parenting?

A) authoritative

B) authoritarian

C) neglectful

D) incompetent

26) Adolescents whose parents are not involved with their lives and who do not monitor their activities in any way tend to

A) lack self-efficacy.

B) lack self-control.

C) be shy and withdrawn.

D) be socially competent.

27) Bryan's parents give him anything he wants and do not expect anything from him. They tried to involve him in family chores, but he just ignored them. Bryan's parents are using which of Diana Baurind's parenting styles?

A) authoritative

B) incompetent

C) authoritarian

D) indulgent

28) Indulgent parenting has been associated with ________ in adolescents.

A) appreciation

B) altruism

C) social competence

D) lack of self-control

29) Which of the following statements about authoritative parents is NOT true?

A) They establish an appropriate balance between control and autonomy.

B) They provide warmth and parental involvement.

C) Their children are less receptive to parental influences than other styles of parenting.

D) They are likely to encourage expression of adolescents' views.

30) Ruth Chao argues that Asian-American parents are more likely to use the parenting style of ________, rather than authoritarian parenting.

A) guidance

B) affiliation

C) training

D) obedience

31) Which of the following statements about parenting is TRUE?

A) Consistent parenting is recommended.

B) Many parents use a combination of techniques.

C) Parents and adolescents socialize each other.

D) All of these choices are correct.

32) Recent research regarding father involvement in adolescent development has indicated

A) time with dad is positively related to social skill.

B) time with dad is negatively related to self-worth.

C) father absence is positively related to high school graduation.

D) father absence is negatively related to aggression.

33) Jeremy is a dad to an adolescent boy and girl. If Jeremy is like most dads of adolescent children, he will

A) spend less time with his son.

B) show more attention to his daughter.

C) be concerned with the intellectual development of his son.

D) have a warmer relationship with the older child.

34) Which of the following statements regarding adolescents and their fathers is TRUE?

A) Fathers' interactions with their adolescents often center on caregiving and teaching activities.

B) The absence of a father during the adolescent years has been linked with higher rates of high school graduation.

C) The amount of time that fathers spend with their children has decreased in recent years.

D) U.S. adolescents spend more time with their mothers than their fathers.

35) Don is an African American teen who lives in a low-income neighborhood with his parents. Don's father works two jobs to provide for his family, but he always has time to listen to Don, and their weekly "burger and bowling" night is something that they both enjoy. According to research, Don is more likely than his counterparts who do not have a close relationship with their fathers to

A) go to college.

B) stay out of jail.

C) have good mental health.

D) All of these choices are correct.

36) Jasmine's parents undermine each other when it comes to the discipline of their children. All of the children know that if Mom says, "No," they just have to ask Dad, and they will get what they want. Jasmine's father frequently refers to her mother as "the wimp," and the children know that their father has no respect for their mother. This type of parenting is likely to result in children who are

A) bullies and aggressive towards their peers.

B) at developmental risk.

C) socially competent despite their dysfunctional parents.

D) None of these choices are correct.

37) Ricardo's parents use a co-parenting model whereby they show parental solidarity and cooperation. As a result, Ricardo is likely to have

A) prosocial behavior.

B) competence in peer relationships.

C) positive attitudes towards males and females.

D) All of these choices are correct.

38) Which of the following statements about conflict between adolescents and parents is TRUE?

A) Parent-adolescent conflict increases from early adolescence to late adolescence.

B) Recent research shows that Hall's conception of adolescence as a time of "storm and stress" is probably true.

C) Parent-child conflict is stronger than parent-early adolescent conflict.

D) Conflict between parents and adolescents is highest in early adolescence.

39) Lori and her parents frequently have conflict over the amount of time she spends talking on the phone to her friends. Carl's parents nag him about how much time he spends text messaging his buddies. Both Lori and Carl are experiencing conflicts with their parents that are

A) fairly typical of the issues that lead adolescents and their parents to be in conflict.

B) atypical; most parents focus on larger issues like drinking or truancy.

C) atypical in that the conflicts are common; most parents rarely have conflict with their teens.

D) None of these choices are correct.

40) Adolescents are most likely to have conflict with their

A) fathers.

B) siblings.

C) mothers.

D) romantic partners.

41) Intense parent-adolescent conflict is related to all of the following EXCEPT

A) more empathy.

B) depression.

C) membership in cults.

D) anxiety.

42) Two countries where parent-adolescent conflict is lower than in the United States are India and

A) China.

B) Spain.

C) Kenya.

D) Japan.

43) Eva, age 15, insists that she is going to spend her summer vacation with her best friend at the lake house owned by the friend's family. Eva does not want to go on the vacation that her family has planned and says that they can't make her. Her parents should understand that Eva is

A) asserting her autonomy.

B) challenging her parents' authority.

C) closer to her friends' parents than her own parents.

D) asserting her autonomy or challenging her parents' authority.

44) The ability to relinquish childlike dependencies on parents is called

A) familial independence.

B) financial autonomy.

C) emotional autonomy.

D) None of these choices are correct.

45) Which of the following statements regarding autonomy in adolescence is NOT true?

A) Boys are given independence more than girls are.

B) Expectations about the timing of adolescent autonomy vary across cultures.

C) Expectations for early autonomy are prevalent in Latinos.

D) Expectations for early autonomy are prevalent in single parents.

46) Suki is a Japanese adolescent living in the United States. Which of the following is probably TRUE of Suki?

A) She will not seek autonomy from her parents as early as her non-Latino White counterparts.

B) She will seek autonomy from her parents at approximately the same time as her non-Latino White peers.

C) She will get her own apartment as soon as she transitions into adulthood.

D) She will not be as closely monitored by her parents as her non-Latino White peers.

47) The transition from high school to college is especially difficult for adolescents who

A) continue to live at home and commute to college.

B) move more than 100 miles away from home to go to college.

C) have parents that are divorced or separated.

D) are only children.

48) Which of the following statements about the transition from high school to college is NOT true?

A) Female students show more psychological dependency on their parents than do male students.

B) Male students show more psychological dependency on their parents than do female students.

C) Freshmen show more psychological dependency on their parents than do upperclassmen.

D) Freshmen show poorer social adjustment than do upperclassmen.

49) Caitlin, age 17, wants to move out of her home and move in with her 20-year-old friend, Liza. Caitlin's parents have gradually allowed her to have a car and a part-time job and to make her own decisions about her activities, but they forbid her to move out at this time. No matter how hard Caitlin pushes, her parents remain firm. This example illustrates

A) an authoritarian, controlling parenting style.

B) relinquishing control in areas where the adolescent can make mature decisions.

C) parental fear of the "empty nest."

D) alienation of family members.

50) According to attachment theorists, secure attachment in infancy is linked to adolescents' development of

A) social competence.

B) trust.

C) self-efficacy.

D) human agency.

51) Myra, age 9 months, crawls away from her mother while visiting a friend's home. Myra periodically looks back to see that her mother is there and then ventures out a little further into the new environment. According to attachment theorists, Myra is displaying

A) anxious attachment.

B) secure attachment.

C) resistant attachment.

D) ambivalent attachment.

52) Which of the following statements about insecure attachment is NOT true?

A) Infants avoid the caregiver in insecure attachment situations.

B) Infants may show ambivalence towards the caregiver in insecure attachment situations.

C) Insecure attachment has little bearing on later development beyond infancy.

D) Insecure attachment has been theorized to be related to later relationship difficulties.

53) Joseph Allen and his colleagues found that secure attachment of adolescents to their parents can

A) link to fewer depressive symptoms.

B) increase the probability of financial independence.

C) help develop the adolescent's capacity for emotion regulation.

D) All of these choices are correct.

54) Jonathan, age 16, has a secure attachment to his parents. According to Joseph Allen and his colleagues, Jonathan should have

A) a high capacity for intimacy.

B) a slightly higher risk for experimenting with alcohol than peers with different attachment styles.

C) fewer friends than his peers, because he spends more time with his parents.

D) high grades in school.

55) Eli has an insecure attachment to his mother. According to research, Eli's attachment situation makes him more likely to experience

A) good peer relationships.

B) depression.

C) successful autonomy.

D) None of these choices are correct.

56) Many studies that assess secure and insecure attachment in adolescence use the

A) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI).

B) Jung Typology.

C) Adult Attachment Interview (AAI).

D) Adolescent Attachment Survey (AAS).

57) Which of the following is NOT one of the insecure attachment categories on the Adult Attachment Interview?

A) dismissing/avoidant attachment

B) secure/autonomous attachment

C) preoccupied/ambivalent attachment

D) unresolved/disorganized attachment

58) Brett, age 14, has a positive relationship with his parents. As a baby, he formed a secure attachment. According to research, Brett probably has

A) social competence.

B) leadership skills.

C) extensive peer relationships.

D) All of these choices are correct.

59) The type of insecure attachment in which the adolescent and the parent may mutually distance themselves from each other is

A) preoccupied/ambivalent attachment.

B) autonomous attachment.

C) symbiotic attachment.

D) dismissing/avoidant attachment.

60) Cody has tried for years to get close to his parents, but now at age 16, he has decided that the effort is not worth it. At this point, he basically shares a living space with them with very little interaction. This is an example of which type of attachment?

A) laissez-faire

B) unresolved/disorganized

C) dismissing/avoidant

D) symbiotic

61) Research has shown that adolescents who have a dismissing/avoidant attachment to their parents may display

A) disorientation.

B) anger.

C) confusion.

D) aggression.

62) Yasmine's parents are inconsistently available to her. When she tries to get close to them and they don't have time for her, she becomes angry. Yasmine has a(n) ________ attachment to her parents.

A) mixed

B) hostile

C) unresolved/disoriented

D) preoccupied/ambivalent

63) The attachment type that is most associated with traumatic experiences is

A) dismissing/avoiding.

B) unresolved/disorganized.

C) preoccupied/ambivalent.

D) None of these choices are correct.

64) The old model of parent-adolescent relationships suggests that ________, while the new model suggests that ________.

A) parent-adolescent conflict is moderate; parent-adolescent conflict is intense

B) as adolescents mature, they move towards their parents for continued support; as they mature, adolescents detach themselves from parents

C) conflict between parents and adolescents is intense; conflict between parents and adolescents is moderate

D) parents serve as support systems that allow adolescents to explore a more complex social world; parents are invested in keeping adolescents as close to home as possible

65) The majority of adults describe their attachment styles as

A) ambivalently attached.

B) insecurely attached.

C) securely attached.

D) avoidantly attached.

66) Gina, age 22, is securely attached to her parents. Recent research on attachment and the emerging adult would suggest that Gina should have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT

A) more satisfied relationships.

B) longer lasting relationships.

C) poor coping skills under stress.

D) emotional control.

67) Which of the following benefits have researchers found to be associated with secure attachment in emerging adulthood?

A) emotional control

B) positive romantic relationships

C) less sleep problems

D) All of these choices are correct.

68) Recent research has found that insecure attachment of one or both partners places couples at risk for

A) alcohol abuse.

B) relationship problems.

C) depression.

D) risk-taking behaviors.

69) Which of the following statements about insecure attachment and relationships is NOT true?

A) Attachment categories are somewhat stable in adulthood.

B) Adults have a very limited capacity to change their attachment thinking and behavior.

C) Attachment styles make a moderate contribution to relationship functioning.

D) Other factors besides attachment behavior contribute to the satisfaction in relationships.

70) Greg, age 23, moves back home with his parents in order to save money to buy a house. If Greg and his parents are like many families that experience this "boomerang" phenomenon, Greg will complain that his parents

A) restrict his independence.

B) do too much for him.

C) are angry at him for moving back home.

D) None of these choices are correct.

71) Marcia and John's 25-year-old daughter, Serena, moves back in with them after graduate school. She cannot find a job in her field and works part-time as a waitress while searching for jobs. If Marcia and John are like many parents whose emerging adult children move back home with them, they will

A) experience a disequilibrium in the family.

B) have few or no complaints about Serena moving back home.

C) try to avoid interaction with Serena and just continue their life as before.

D) overcompensate for Serena's lack of financial independence by pampering her.

72) Which of the following is good advice for parents and emerging adult children who are considering living together?

A) Agree on conditions ahead of time.

B) Treat each other as adults.

C) Address any concerns that arise before hard feelings develop.

D) All of these are good advice.

73) Lily calls her son Mark, age 22, at least three times each day. She says she's just "checking in" to see that he ate lunch and that he's studying for his exams in graduate school. Lily is engaged in

A) symbiotic neurosis.

B) enmeshed parenting.

C) helicopter parenting.

D) protective, but not excessive, parenting.

74) In a recent study, helicopter parenting was related to ________ negative emotional functioning, ________ competent decision making, and ________ grades in college adults.

A) more; less; lower

B) more; more; higher

C) less; less; higher

D) less; more; lower

75) Which of the following statements about the nature of grandparenting is TRUE?

A) Women may have fewer expectations about the grandmother role and see it as more voluntary.

B) About 70 percent of the grandparents who move in with their children are grandfathers.

C) Almost half of grandchildren who move in with grandparents are raised by a single grandfather.

D) Grandmothers have more contact with grandchildren than grandfathers do.

76) Which of the following statements about intergenerational relationships is TRUE?

A) There is no evidence to show that early supportive relationships with parents are linked to the quality of the parent-young adult relationship.

B) Individuals who spent quality time with their parents as children provided as much support to older parents as did children who spent little time with their parents.

C) Females have an especially important role in connecting family relationships across generations.

D) Sons who experienced long-term lack of trust during adolescence were more alienated from their parents than daughters who had the same experience.

77) Which of the following characteristics is involved in sibling relationships?

A) conflict

B) teaching

C) rivalry

D) All of these choices are correct.

78) Which of the following statements about sibling relationships is NOT true?

A) When siblings talk, the main focus is on their relationship with their parents.

B) Siblings spend an average of 10 hours a week together.

C) Mexican-American adolescents spend as much as 17 hours of week with their siblings.

D) Siblings most often talk about the media, school, and extracurricular activities.

79) Judy Dunn has described three important characteristics of sibling relationships: familiarity and intimacy of the relationship, variation in sibling relationships, and

A) parent favoritism between and among siblings.

B) emotional quality of the relationship.

C) trust level of the relationship.

D) conflict level of the relationship.

80) Research has shown that parents favoring one sibling over another is linked to

A) anger and rebellion in the less-favored sibling.

B) eating disorders in the less-favored sibling.

C) sadness and lower self-esteem in the less-favored sibling.

D) anxiety in the more-favored sibling.

81) Ben, age 14, is close to his older brother Sam, who is 16. According to research, Sam will be

A) less of a socializing agent for Ben than their parents.

B) less of a socializing agent for Ben than their 20-year-old sister.

C) more of a socializing agent for Ben than his peers.

D) None of these choices are correct.

82) Recent longitudinal studies on the effects of sibling conflict found that increased sibling conflict was linked to all of the following EXCEPT

A) increased peer competence.

B) depression.

C) antisocial behavior.

D) poor peer relationships.

83) Helena is the first-born child in her family. According to research on birth order, Helena is likely to be

A) liberal.

B) achieving.

C) overly dependent.

D) diplomatic.

84) Which of the following statements about birth order in siblings is NOT true?

A) There are no birth order effects for life satisfaction, trust, or risk taking.

B) Older siblings take on the dominant role in sibling interaction.

C) Younger siblings report feeling resentful that parents give preferential treatment to older siblings.

D) Firstborn children have been described as more helpful, conforming, and self-controlled.

85) Research has shown that an only child is usually

A) a spoiled brat.

B) dependent.

C) self-centered.

D) achievement-oriented.

86) Which of the following statements about birth order is TRUE?

A) Birth order is a strong predictor of adolescent behavior.

B) The importance of birth order has been underestimated.

C) Birth order shows a limited capacity to predict adolescent behavior.

D) Birth order has not been adequately studied.

87) Which of the following adolescents is MOST likely to have a positive relationship with a sibling?

A) Hannah, whose easy temperament is the opposite of her brother's difficult temperament.

B) Elsie, whose difficult temperament is the same as her sister's difficult temperament.

C) Colleen, who shares an easy temperament with her brother.

D) Hayden, whose parents treat her and her sister differently.

88) Which of the following factors have researchers determined is important in influencing adolescents' behavior?

A) peer influences

B) parental models of competency

C) school influences

D) All of these choices are correct.

89) Which of the following statements about working parents and adolescents is TRUE?

A) Mothers with positive work experiences have adolescents who report fewer physical health problems.

B) Negative working conditions of parents are linked to less behavior problems in adolescents.

C) Mothers who work more than 60 hours per week had conflicted relationships with their adolescents.

D) Parents who have excellent working conditions tend to engage in less effective parenting.

90) In a study on the effects of divorce on children conducted by Hetherington and colleagues, what percentage of the children from divorced families were found to have emotional problems?

A) 10 percent

B) 15 percent

C) 20 percent

D) 25 percent

91) What percentage of emerging adults from divorced families had emotional problems in the study conducted by Hetherington and colleagues?

A) 15 percent

B) 20 percent

C) 25 percent

D) 30 percent

92) Heidi, age 23, is an emerging adult whose parents divorced when she was 12. Heidi admits that she has some emotional scarring from the divorce. According to Hetherington's research, Heidi is likely to be

A) clinically depressed.

B) caring and empathetic to young adolescents from divorced families.

C) responsible and a good worker.

D) careful in making her decisions.

93) Adolescents and emerging adults from divorced families are more likely than those whose parents did not divorce to do which of the following?

A) have academic problems

B) show acting-out behavior and delinquency

C) experience anxiety and depression

D) All of these choices are correct.

94) A recent study revealed that adolescent girls with divorced parents were especially vulnerable to

A) dating violence.

B) anorexia nervosa.

C) suicide.

D) bulimia.

95) Penny's parents are still married but they have a high degree of marital conflict. According to research, Penny is more likely than her peers whose parents are happily married to

A) engage in self-injurious behaviors, like cutting.

B) develop emotional problems.

C) develop an eating disorder.

D) develop substance-abuse problems.

96) A teen from an intact family with high level of marital conflict are at an increased risk for

A) risky sexual behaviors.

B) peer problems.

C) academic difficulties

D) low self-esteem.

97) Research suggests all of the following are possible consequences of divorce EXCEPT that

A) the majority of adolescents and emerging adults have significant adjustments if their parents divorced.

B) the majority of adolescents and emerging adults do not have significant adjustment problems if their parents divorced.

C) marital conflict, with or without divorce, has negative consequences for emotional development.

D) most adolescents and emerging adults cope successfully with parental divorce.

98) According to research, which of the following statements about divorce among parents of adolescents is TRUE?

A) Prolonged conflict between divorced parents was linked to emotional problems in adolescents.

B) Adolescents with secure attachment cope better with their parents' divorce.

C) Disequilibrium occurs in the year following a divorce.

D) All of these choices are correct.

99) Which of the following statements about adolescents in divorced families is TRUE?

A) Adolescents from divorced families show poorer adjustment than their counterparts in nondivorced families.

B) Parental divorce in adolescence is linked to higher levels of education in adulthood.

C) Adolescents in divorced families are less likely than adolescents from nondivorced families to have lower self-esteem.

D) Adolescents who experienced their parents' divorce are at a lower lifetime risk for engaging in a suicide attempt.

100) The most common pattern of parenting that was found in a study of parenting behaviors in 186 countries around the world was

A) warm and controlling.

B) restrictive and punitive.

C) permissive and indulgent.

D) permissive and neglectful.

101) Which of the following statements about custody arrangements in divorced families is NOT true?

A) Children benefit from joint custody.

B) Girls adjust better in mother-custody families.

C) Boys adjust better in mother-custody families.

D) Boys adjust better in father-custody families.

102) Jeremy's parents have divorced. If Jeremy's situation is typical of many divorced families, he can expect that

A) his mother will have less money than when she was married.

B) his mother will have more money than when she was married, due to child support and alimony payments.

C) his standard of living will increase slightly.

D) None of these will happen.

103) The three types of stepfamilies are stepfather, stepmother, and

A) blended.

B) mixed.

C) adjusted.

D) None of these choices are correct.

104) Chris gained custody of his three biological children after his divorce. After three years, he married Jennifer who had no children from her previous marriage. Chris and Jennifer's new family is a

A) father-headed family.

B) complex family.

C) blended family.

D) stepmother family.

105) Kathy has one son, Mitchell. Six years after her divorce, Kathy marries Dan. Dan has never been married before and has no children. Kathy, Mitchell, and Dan make up what kind of family?

A) mother-headed

B) stepfather

C) complex

D) blended

106) Sherry and Jason have two children each from previous marriages. When they marry, they create a(n)

A) co-parenting family.

B) blended family.

C) extended family.

D) kin-oriented family.

107) Before Justin's father remarried, Justin was responsible for mowing the grass, putting the dishes in the dishwasher, and doing his own laundry. Now that Kim has married into the family, Justin is not sure which of his responsibilities he should continue to do. Justin is experiencing

A) boundary strain.

B) role discontinuity.

C) boundary ambiguity.

D) cognitive dissonance.

108) The most important factor to consider when examining the effect that parental employment has on adolescent development is

A) one or both parents in the workforce.

B) parental satisfaction with work.

C) amount of income from employment.

D) All of the above are important.

109) Which of the following adoption applicants would probably be disqualified today?

A) Amanda, a 40-year-old, single college professor

B) Bill, a 43-year-old single, gay security guard

C) Jay and Wendy, a married couple who need food stamps to make ends meet

D) None of these choices are correct.

110) Research shows that which of the following statements about adoptive children and adolescents is TRUE?

A) Adopted children are at a higher risk for aggression and conduct problems.

B) Children adopted after seven years of age had the most problems.

C) Being adopted had no impact on the psychological health of the adoptees.

D) Being adopted had no impact on the academic performance of adoptees.

111) Regarding the effects of open vs. closed adoptions, most research supports the finding that

A) adoptive parents were more satisfied with open adoptions.

B) biological moms had more unresolved grief with closed adoptions.

C) adoptive children were less satisfied with open adoptions.

D) biological moms were less satisfied with open adoptions.

112) Which of the following statements regarding gay and lesbian parents is FALSE?

A) Gay and lesbian parents are more egalitarian in terms of child rearing responsibilities as compared to heterosexual parents.

B) Children of gay parents are as popular as children of heterosexual parents.

C) Gay and lesbian parents are often more positive in their parenting practices than heterosexual parents.

D) Heterosexual parents are less likely to have children with externalizing problems than gay and lesbian parents.

113) Adolescents' healthy social development is most effectively promoted by ________ and at least a moderate level of ________.

A) peer relationships; conflict

B) love; parental control

C) autonomy; indulgent parenting

D) mothers; disagreements

114) All of the following are recommendations of the Carnegie Council on Adolescent Development EXCEPT

A) professionals who work with adolescents should aim to increase their contact time with the adolescents and decrease the time that they spend with the parents.

B) community institutions should become more involved in providing after-school programs.

C) employers should extend the benefits now afforded to parents of young children to parents of adolescents.

D) All of these are recommendations.

115) In a study of Latino ninth-graders' family profiles, the ________ profile was linked to the most positive adjustment.

A) engaged

B) supportive

C) intrusive

D) None of these choices are correct.

116) Recent research has shown that which of the following factors is likely to affect how ethnic minority families deal with stress?

A) immigrant status of the parents

B) socioeconomic status

C) specific national origin

D) All of these choices are correct.

117) Which of the following statements concerning ethnic and cultural differences among families is NOT true?

A) Ethnic minority children and adolescents are more likely than non-Latino White adolescents to come from low-income parents.

B) There are very few differences between ethnic minority families and non-Latino White families.

C) Non-Latino White adolescents are less likely than ethnic minority adolescents to interact with extended family members.

D) Large and extended families are more common among ethnic minority groups than in non-Latino White families.

118) The two ethnic groups that tend to place the largest emphasis on family duty and obligation are Asian Americans and

A) African Americans.

B) Latinos.

C) Native Americans.

D) non-Latino Whites.

119) In Arab countries, parenting tends to be

A) authoritative.

B) dominated by the mother's rule.

C) dominated by the grandparents' rule.

D) focused on family loyalty and codes of conduct.

120) Adopted adolescents are more likely than nonadopted adolescents to

A) have internalizing problems.

B) have attention problems.

C) have problems with aggression.

D) All of these choices are correct.

121) Parents of adopted children have the additional challenges of

A) dealing with children's inevitable antisocial behaviors at some point.

B) protecting the children from contact with their birth parents.

C) supporting the adolescent's search for identity and self.

D) dealing with academic problems and learning disabilities.

122) The largest group of adolescents with gay and lesbian parents are likely those who

A) were adopted.

B) were conceived though artificial insemination.

C) were born in the context of heterosexual relationships of one of their parents.

D) are in foster care.

123) Ashley, age 17, lives with her biological mother and her mother's lesbian partner, Daryl. According to researchers, Ashley is likely to

A) develop a heterosexual identity.

B) develop a bisexual identity.

C) suffer more mental health problems than her peers raised in heterosexual homes.

D) have fewer friends than her peers being raised in heterosexual homes.

124) Which of the following is NOT a trend in cultural change in families around the world?

A) more families migrating to rural areas

B) greater family mobility

C) smaller families

D) fewer extended families

125) Define what is meant by the term reciprocal socialization and by referring to the family as "a system."

126) Describe at least five changes in adolescents and five changes in parents that can influence parent-adolescent relationships.

127) What functions might parents provide if they are serving as "managers"?

128) Briefly describe the four styles of parenting identified by Diana Baumrind and summarize potential outcomes for the child who is parented using these styles.

129) Discuss how the authoritarian style of parenting might be used in Asian American families.

130) Explain the major similarities and differences between the roles of mothers and the roles of fathers in families today.

131) What is meant by the term co-parenting, and how does it differ from more traditional parenting?

132) Discuss conflict between early adolescents and parents. Be sure to include the nature of conflict at this age.

133) Define the term autonomy and discuss gender and cultural differences that have been found in adolescents' autonomy.

134) Describe the two main types of infant attachment and the type of adolescent who is likely to emerge from each attachment pattern.

135) Discuss the outcome of the different types of attachment on emerging adults.

136) Based upon information in the textbook, what advice would you give to parents and their emerging adult children if the children return home to live?

137) Describe three important characteristics of adolescents' sibling relationships as identified by Judy Dunn.

138) Describe the characteristics of first-borns, later-borns, and only children.

139) Describe the role of parents' work on adolescents.

140) Compare and contrast adolescents and emerging adults from divorced and nondivorced families.

141) Describe the three common types of stepfamilies.

142) Summarize the major changes that have taken place recently in adoption practices.