Chapter 13: Experiencing Health, Illness, and Medical Care

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. The Flint, Michigan water crisis mostly affected low-income residents and people of color. This crisis, therefore, was ______.

a. biologically driven

b. socially patterned

c. a cultural phenomenon

d. unavoidable

Learning Objective: 13.1: How does sociology contribute to our understanding of health and illness?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: What Does Sociology Have to Do with Health, Illness, and Medical Care?

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. When we are able to recognize health patterns, it helps us to ______.

a. determine why they exist

b. assign blame for their cause

c. eliminate health problems

d. do further research in other areas

Learning Objective: 13.1: How does sociology contribute to our understanding of health and illness?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: What Does Sociology Have to Do with Health, Illness, and Medical Care?

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Being able to recognize health patterns may enable us to ______.

a. find ways to address them

b. assign blame for their cause

c. eliminate health problems

d. focus more on genetic components

Learning Objective: 13.1: How does sociology contribute to our understanding of health and illness?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: What Does Sociology Have to Do with Health, Illness, and Medical Care?

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. What admission test now includes a section on the social sciences because it has been determined that societal and cultural effects on health matters?

a. GRE

b. GMAT

c. LSAT

d. MCAT

Learning Objective: 13.1: How does sociology contribute to our understanding of health and illness?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: How Sociology Helps Medical Professionals (and Everyone) Understand Health and Illness

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. The Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) has determined that physicians should recognize ______ effects on their patients' health.

a. reoccurring

b. catastrophic

c. heritable

d. societal and cultural

Learning Objective: 13.1: How does sociology contribute to our understanding of health and illness?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: How Sociology Helps Medical Professionals (and Everyone) Understand Health and Illness

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. A sociology background helps a medical professional understand health influences by understanding ______.

a. genetics

b. immunology

c. relationships

d. scientific knowledge

Learning Objective: 13.1: How does sociology contribute to our understanding of health and illness?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: How Sociology Helps Medical Professionals (and Everyone) Understand Health and Illness

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. As discussed in this chapter, a sociological perspective can help you to understand your own ______.

a. relationships

b. health

c. cognitive processes

d. grades

Learning Objective: 13.1: How does sociology contribute to our understanding of health and illness?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: How Sociology Helps Medical Professionals (and Everyone) Understand Health and Illness

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Georgette's work focuses on the health care system, specifically inequalities in medical treatment. Georgette is most likely ______.

a. a psychiatrist

b. a physician

c. a research scientist

d. a medical sociologist

Learning Objective: 13.1: How does sociology contribute to our understanding of health and illness?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: How Sociology Helps Medical Professionals (and Everyone) Understand Health and Illness

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Kumari is a sociologist who studies how race, ethnicity, sex, gender, and socioeconomic status affect health and disease patterns. Kumari's area of expertise is ______.

a. experiences with illness

b. health disparities

c. the health care system

d. physician's relationships with patient

Learning Objective: 13.1: How does sociology contribute to our understanding of health and illness?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: How Sociology Helps Medical Professionals (and Everyone) Understand Health and Illness

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Elara is a sociologist who studies how social patterns of health and illness are affected by government policies. She is most likely focused on the topic of ______.

a. experiences with illness

b. health disparities

c. the health care system

Learning Objective: 13.1: How does sociology contribute to our understanding of health and illness?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: How Sociology Helps Medical Professionals (and Everyone) Understand Health and Illness

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Manfred, a sociologist, has just received a grant to study how people cope with a chronic illness. Manfred's area of study is ______.

a. experiences with illness

b. health disparities

c. the health care system

Learning Objective: 13.1: How does sociology contribute to our understanding of health and illness?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: How Sociology Helps Medical Professionals (and Everyone) Understand Health and Illness

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Clarisse is a sociologist who is aware that the social distribution of health and illness is partially caused by inequality. What broad topic in the study of sociology does this refer to?

a. experiences with illness

b. health disparities

c. the health care system

Learning Objective: 13.1: How does sociology contribute to our understanding of health and illness?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: How Sociology Helps Medical Professionals (and Everyone) Understand Health and Illness

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. The lack of health insurance is a problem for many in the United States. A sociologist who studies this is focusing on which sociological topic area?

a. experiences with illness

b. health disparities

c. the health care system

Learning Objective: 13.1: How does sociology contribute to our understanding of health and illness?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: How Sociology Helps Medical Professionals (and Everyone) Understand Health and Illness

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. If you have diabetes, you must be aware of your food intake and blood sugar levels for the rest of your life. This represents ______.

a. an acute illness

b. a health disparity

c. an illness cycle

d. a biographical disruption

Learning Objective: 13.2: In what ways are health and illness social experiences and not simply biological phenomena?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Illness Experience

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. The flu is an example of ______.

a. a chronic illness

b. an acute illness

c. a biographical disruption

d. a health outlier

Learning Objective: 13.2: In what ways are health and illness social experiences and not simply biological phenomena?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Illness Experience

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. Talcott Parsons believed that too many ______ people would harm society.

a. sick

b. poor

c. wealthy

d. unemployed

Learning Objective: 13.2: In what ways are health and illness social experiences and not simply biological phenomena?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Sick Role and the Impact of Illness on Families

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. John Smith kept getting colds, but he refused to go to the doctor in spite of missing work regularly. According to Talcott Parsons, John Smith was not ______.

a. being courteous to his coworkers

b. accepting blame for his actions

c. fulfilling the sick role

d. recognizing his illness

Learning Objective: 13.2: In what ways are health and illness social experiences and not simply biological phenomena?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Sick Role and the Impact of Illness on Families

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. Talcott Parsons' theory assumes that ______.

a. physicians know best

b. illnesses should be categorized

c. people don't always do what is best for them

d. illness should not have a stigma

Learning Objective: 13.2: In what ways are health and illness social experiences and not simply biological phenomena?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Sick Role and the Impact of Illness on Families

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. Claudine doesn't have health insurance, so when she got cancer, she had to sell her house and declare bankruptcy to afford the medical bills. This most demonstrates which impact of illness on society?

a. neglecting members of one's family

b. financial instability

c. missing work

d. lack of family support

Learning Objective: 13.2: In what ways are health and illness social experiences and not simply biological phenomena?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Sick Role and the Impact of Illness on Families

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. A lack of insurance or underinsurance and high medical costs in the United States can result in which impact of illness on society?

a. neglecting members of one's family

b. financial instability

c. missing work

d. lack of family support

Learning Objective: 13.2: In what ways are health and illness social experiences and not simply biological phenomena?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Sick Role and the Impact of Illness on Families

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. When Marcus was a child, he had trouble focusing in school and often got into trouble for getting out of his chair. Marcus' son, Jason, also has these problems, but he has been diagnosed with hyperactivity and attention deficit and is receiving medication for it. Which statement best explains what has happened in this scenario?

a. Hyperactivity and attention deficit have been medicalized.

b. Marcus's problems weren't severe enough for medication.

c. Jason's disruptions to the class could not be tolerated.

d. Hyperactivity and attention deficit are considered behavior problems.

Learning Objective: 13.3: What is medicalization?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Medicalization

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. How has childbirth become medicalized?

a. It can occur in the home or the hospital.

b. It used to occur in the home, but now more often happens in a hospital.

c. It now requires surgery.

d. Midwives have been outlawed and only doctors can deliver babies.

Learning Objective: 13.3: What is medicalization?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Medicalization

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. One in three births in the United States involves ______.

a. a midwife

b. an OBGYN

c. surgery

d. hospitalization

Learning Objective: 13.3: What is medicalization?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Medicalization

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. The World Health Organization estimates that ______ of births should be performed by C-section.

a. 10%

b. 20%

c. 30%

d. 50%

Learning Objective: 13.3: What is medicalization?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Medicalization

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. One thing discussed in the text that has increased the prevalence of medicalization is ______.

a. better treatment for chronic conditions

b. antibiotic overuse

c. a lack of physicians in rural areas

d. the commercialization of pharmaceuticals

Learning Objective: 13.3: What is medicalization?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Medicalization and Marketing

Difficulty Level: Easy

26. When Toby's grandmother was young, no one talked about the rash on her skin that wouldn't go away. Toby has seen commercials on TV about a treatment for psoriasis, and told her she should use it. This demonstrates the ______.

a. prevalence of the illness

b. viability of a drug regimen

c. role of the pharmaceutical industry

d. drug resistance with the illness

Learning Objective: 13.3: What is medicalization?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Medicalization and Marketing

Difficulty Level: Hard

27. Amiri lives in one of the two countries where advertising a prescription drug is legal. Which country applies?

a. Canada

b. China

c. South Africa

d. New Zealand

Learning Objective: 13.3: What is medicalization?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Medicalization and Marketing

Difficulty Level: Easy

28. The average TV viewer sees nine ______ advertisements a day in the United States.

a. retirement home

b. prescription drug

c. physicians'

d. accident attorneys'

Learning Objective: 13.3: What is medicalization?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Medicalization and Marketing

Difficulty Level: Easy

29. What did the FDA do in the 1990s that caused direct-to-consumer drug advertising to increase?

a. made it legal in the United States.

b. reduced disclosure of side effects requirements

c. removed competition limitations

d. required networks to provide reduced ad pricing for the public's benefit

Learning Objective: 13.3: What is medicalization?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Medicalization and Marketing

Difficulty Level: Easy

30. A positive consequence of medicalization is ______.

a. more competition has resulted in cheaper drug prices

b. an emphasis on prescribing drugs for treatment

c. counseling is more often prescribed

d. the public is less likely to judge the person with the illness

Learning Objective: 13.3: What is medicalization?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Pros and Cons of Medicalization

Difficulty Level: Easy

31. Five-year-old Nathan was constantly being scolded by his parents for "zoning out" when they asked him to do things, so the family requested he be put on ADHD medication. Later, it was determined that Nathan was worried that his parents were getting a divorce because they fought a lot, and that was causing his inattention in school. What consequence of medicalization occurred here?

a. The parents overlooked other possible causes for the condition.

b. The treatment did not include medical professionals.

c. The parents thought Nathan was just stubborn.

d. The family doctor should have intervened.

Learning Objective: 13.3: What is medicalization?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Pros and Cons of Medicalization

Difficulty Level: Hard

32. Which of these is least likely to impact a person's rate of exercise?

a. crime rates

b. socioeconomic status

c. access to walking trails

d. size of family

Learning Objective: 13.4: How are an individual’s health behaviors (e.g., lack of exercise, unhealthy eating) influenced by social factors?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Explaining Health Disparities/Social Determinants of Health

Difficulty Level: Hard

33. How does a higher income promote health?

a. It increases self-image.

b. It increases work hours.

c. It expands access to resources.

d. It encourages a more attractive personal appearance.

Learning Objective: 13.4: How are an individual’s health behaviors (e.g., lack of exercise, unhealthy eating) influenced by social factors?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Fundamental Cause Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

34. According to the theory of fundamental cause, which person is more likely to reduce the risk of things like heart disease and diabetes?

a. the person with a minimum wage job and health insurance

b. the person with a small business and no health insurance

c. the person who has a higher income and lives in a nicer neighborhood

d. The above three groups are equally likely to reduce their risk.

Learning Objective: 13.4: How are an individual’s health behaviors (e.g., lack of exercise, unhealthy eating) influenced by social factors?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Fundamental Cause Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

35. Which person is least likely to avoid the risk of heart disease?

a. Marlin buys his fresh food at high-end grocery stores.

b. Marla's college friends are all of a similar socioeconomic status and get together weekly to talk about personal issues.

c. Marion works in a company with a fitness center for employees.

d. Wes works from home and rarely leaves the house because the neighborhood isn't safe.

Learning Objective: 13.4: How are an individual’s health behaviors (e.g., lack of exercise, unhealthy eating) influenced by social factors?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Fundamental Cause Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

36. A neighborhood where fresh fruits and vegetables are rarely available, but processed foods are widely available is a ______.

a. food desert

b. nutritional oasis

c. grocery hole

d. food hole

Learning Objective: 13.4: How are an individual’s health behaviors (e.g., lack of exercise, unhealthy eating) influenced by social factors?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Fundamental Cause Theory

Difficulty Level: Easy

37. Lola loves her neighborhood because it has lots of fast food and her local market stocks a wide variety of candy. Lola probably lives in a ______.

a. food desert

b. nutritional oasis

c. carb haven

d. food hole

Learning Objective: 13.4: How are an individual’s health behaviors (e.g., lack of exercise, unhealthy eating) influenced by social factors?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Fundamental Cause Theory

Difficulty Level: Easy

38. Marcel has a low paying job. Which characteristic is the most likely to describe this job?

a. high autonomy, low flexibility

b. high autonomy, low benefits

c. low autonomy, low flexibility

d. low autonomy, high benefits

Learning Objective: 13.4: How are an individual’s health behaviors (e.g., lack of exercise, unhealthy eating) influenced by social factors?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Fundamental Cause Theory

Difficulty Level: Easy

39. What is the most likely result of a job with high levels of stress?

a. increased levels of exercise

b. more flexible work schedule

c. more room for creativity

d. increased likelihood of death

Learning Objective: 13.4: How are an individual’s health behaviors (e.g., lack of exercise, unhealthy eating) influenced by social factors?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Fundamental Cause Theory

Difficulty Level: Easy

40. Of the two primary measures social scientists use to measure its citizen's health, which one measures the number of deaths of children under 13 months of age for every 1000 live births?

a. infant expectancy

b. life expectancy

c. infant mortality

d. infant morbidity

Learning Objective: 13.5: How do sex and gender, race and ethnicity, and social class affect health and life expectancy?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Distribution of Illness

Difficulty Level: Easy

41. Kevin's parents are both in their 90s, so he is expected to live into his 90s also. This is Kevin's ______.

a. life expectancy

b. mortality

c. morbidity

d. death expectancy

Learning Objective: 13.5: How do sex and gender, race and ethnicity, and social class affect health and life expectancy?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Social Distribution of Illness

Difficulty Level: Medium

42. Diana's country spends more on health care than any other country in the Global North. Diana lives in ______.

a. Australia

b. the United Kingdom

c. Japan

d. the United States

Learning Objective: 13.5: How do sex and gender, race and ethnicity, and social class affect health and life expectancy?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Distribution of Illness

Difficulty Level: Easy

43. Which characteristic is least likely to exhibit health disparities?

a. sex and gender

b. race and ethnicity

c. socioeconomic status

d. political preference

Learning Objective: 13.5: How do sex and gender, race and ethnicity, and social class affect health and life expectancy?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Distributions of Physical Illness and Life Expectancy

Difficulty Level: Easy

44. Donna has had numerous illnesses since she married ten years ago, many more than her husband has had. As such, Donna may be said to have a ______ than her husband.

a. lower mortality

b. higher rate of morbidity

c. lower rate of recovery

d. lower life expectancy

Learning Objective: 13.5: How do sex and gender, race and ethnicity, and social class affect health and life expectancy?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Distributions of Physical Illness and Life Expectancy

Difficulty Level: Medium

45. What is one way gender scripts affect mortality and morbidity rates?

a. Men tend to condone violent behavior.

b. Women have few and poor social relationships.

c. Men go to the doctor more often.

d. Women tend to condone unhealthy eating.

Learning Objective: 13.5: How do sex and gender, race and ethnicity, and social class affect health and life expectancy?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Distributions of Physical Illness and Life Expectancy

Difficulty Level: Medium

46. ______ Americans tend to live longer than ______ Americans.

a. Asian; Black

b. Black; Hispanic

c. Native; Hispanic

d. Black; White

Learning Objective: 13.5: How do sex and gender, race and ethnicity, and social class affect health and life expectancy?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Distributions of Physical Illness and Life Expectancy

Difficulty Level: Medium

47. The agency that serves the health needs of the Native American population in and near reservations spends about ______ of medical funds spent on the typical U.S. resident.

a. one tenth

b. one half

c. one third

d. two thirds

Learning Objective: 13.5: How do sex and gender, race and ethnicity, and social class affect health and life expectancy?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Distributions of Physical Illness and Life Expectancy

Difficulty Level: Easy

48. In general, ______ have better health than ______.

a. Vietnamese Americans; Chinese Americans

b. native-born Blacks; African-born Blacks

c. Cuban Americans; Mexican Americans

d. Native Americans; Asian Americans

Learning Objective: 13.5: How do sex and gender, race and ethnicity, and social class affect health and life expectancy?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Distributions of Physical Illness and Life Expectancy

Difficulty Level: Easy

49. The American Psychiatric Association defines ______ as “health conditions involving changes in emotion, thinking or behavior (or a combination of these)… associated with distress and/or problems functioning in social, work or family activities.”

a. psychological disorders

b. functional disorders

c. personality disorders

d. mental illnesses

Learning Objective: 13.5: How do sex and gender, race and ethnicity, and social class affect health and life expectancy?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Distribution of Mental Illness

Difficulty Level: Easy

50. Chris has been diagnosed with a personality disorder in which he becomes violent unexpectedly. If you know nothing else about Chris, he has the greatest chance of belonging to which socioeconomic status?

a. low socioeconomic status

b. middle socioeconomic status

c. high socioeconomic status

d. any socioeconomic status

Learning Objective: 13.5: How do sex and gender, race and ethnicity, and social class affect health and life expectancy?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Distribution of Mental Illness

Difficulty Level: Medium

51. If you live in a country where the government guarantees health care for all citizens, you benefit from a system called ______.

a. state-sponsored insurance

b. universal coverage

c. total coverage

d. national health care

Learning Objective: 13.6: What are the major issues facing the U.S. health care system?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: U.S. Health Care System

Difficulty Level: Easy

52. Which country has a multi-payer health insurance model, where citizens are required to purchase insurance and use private healthcare with government-regulated prices?

a. Canada

b. Australia

c. the United States

d. Japan

Learning Objective: 13.6: What are the major issues facing the U.S. health care system?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: U.S. Health Care System

Difficulty Level: Easy

53. Which country has a health care system in which the government pays and provides all health services to its citizens?

a. France

b. the United Kingdom

c. Canada

d. Switzerland

Learning Objective: 13.6: What are the major issues facing the U.S. health care system?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: U.S. Health Care System

Difficulty Level: Easy

54. Which country follows a national health insurance model, in which the government pays for health care from private health care providers?

a. France

b. the United Kingdom

c. Canada

d. Switzerland

Learning Objective: 13.6: What are the major issues facing the U.S. health care system?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: U.S. Health Care System

Difficulty Level: Easy

55. Dalia was shocked when she learned that her country spends double the amount on health care per person than other Global North nations spend. Where does Dalia live?

a. the United Kingdom

b. Australia

c. the United States

d. Japan

Learning Objective: 13.6: What are the major issues facing the U.S. health care system?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Cost and Access to Healthcare

Difficulty Level: Medium

56. Which statement is true regarding health care in the United States?

a. The United States guarantees health care for all citizens.

b. The United States has more doctors than other Global North nations.

c. In the United States, doctors tend to work in urban areas.

d. Access to health providers is not a problem in the United States.

Learning Objective: 13.6: What are the major issues facing the U.S. health care system?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Cost and Access to Healthcare

Difficulty Level: Medium

57. Government health insurance for those over age 65 is called ______.

a. Medicare

b. Medicaid

c. Universal health care

d. Obamacare

Learning Objective: 13.6: What are the major issues facing the U.S. health care system?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Health Insurance

Difficulty Level: Medium

58. The 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) is also known as ______.

a. the national health care program

b. Obamacare

c. the national health insurance program

d. Medicare and Medicaid

Learning Objective: 13.6: What are the major issues facing the U.S. health care system?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Affordable Care Act

Difficulty Level: Easy

59. Wally got insurance after the passage of the ACA. As such, he ______.

a. pays more because he has a preexisting condition

b. pays a small copay for wellness checkups

c. may lose his insurance if he exceeds a maximum amount of claims

d. is covered under his parents' plan until the age of 26

Learning Objective: 13.6: What are the major issues facing the U.S. health care system?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Affordable Care Act

Difficulty Level: Medium

60. Carmel was paying premiums for health insurance, but when he had surgery, he was surprised to learn he still owed thousands of dollars to the hospital and medical providers. Carmel is ______.

a. uninsured

b. fully insured

c. underinsured

d. not insured

Learning Objective: 13.6: What are the major issues facing the U.S. health care system?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Underinsured

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. Medical professionals should focus on patients' medical needs and not spend time trying to understand their social relationships.

Learning Objective: 13.1: How does sociology contribute to our understanding of health and illness?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: How Sociology Helps Medical Professionals (and Everyone) Understand Health and Illness

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Being a good physician includes being able to understand people.

Learning Objective: 13.1: How does sociology contribute to our understanding of health and illness?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: How Sociology Helps Medical Professionals (and Everyone) Understand Health and Illness

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Most people experience illness in isolation.

Learning Objective: 13.2: In what ways are health and illness social experiences and not simply biological phenomena?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Illness Experience

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Biographical disruption refers to the fact that where you live impacts your health.

Learning Objective: 13.2: In what ways are health and illness social experiences and not simply biological phenomena?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Illness Experience

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Talcott Parsons believed that being healthy and productive is functional for society and too many sick people would harm society.

Learning Objective: 13.2: In what ways are health and illness social experiences and not simply biological phenomena?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Sick Role and Impact of Illness on Families

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Medicalization has grown less pervasive in the United States over the past few decades.

Learning Objective: 13.3: What is medicalization?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Medicalization and Marketing

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Almost all of the consequences of medicalization are negative.

Learning Objective: 13.3: What is medicalization?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Pros and Cons of Medicalization

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Stress may be able to be managed with regular exercise and vacations.

Learning Objective: 13.4: How are an individual’s health behaviors (e.g., lack of exercise, unhealthy eating) influenced by social factors?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Fundamental Cause Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Your level of education can have an impact on your health and wellness.

Learning Objective: 13.4: How are an individual’s health behaviors (e.g., lack of exercise, unhealthy eating) influenced by social factors?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Fundamental Cause Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Gender scripts relate to how sexual orientation affects health and illness.

Learning Objective: 13.5: How do sex and gender, race and ethnicity, and social class affect health and life expectancy?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Distributions of Physical Illness and Life Expectancy

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Women tend to live longer than men, even though they are more often ill.

Learning Objective: 13.5: How do sex and gender, race and ethnicity, and social class affect health and life expectancy?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Distributions of Physical Illness and Life Expectancy

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. Researchers have not found a strong connection between mental health and social class.

Learning Objective: 13.5: How do sex and gender, race and ethnicity, and social class affect health and life expectancy?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Distribution of Mental Illness

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Everyone in the United States is eligible for Medicaid when they reach the age of 65.

Learning Objective: 13.6: What are the major issues facing the U.S. health care system?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Health Insurance

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. Home foreclosure is the biggest cause of personal bankruptcy in the United States.

Learning Objective: 13.6: What are the major issues facing the U.S. health care system?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Underinsured

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. Even for those with insurance, an illness can be financially devastating.

Learning Objective: 13.6: What are the major issues facing the U.S. health care system?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Underinsured

Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

1. Explain what is meant by the statement, "Illness is socially patterned."

• People with certain characteristics, such as low socioeconomic background or who reside in poor neighborhoods, have patterns of illness that are different than those who are more affluent.
• Health may also be impacted by race and ethnicity, gender, social relationships.

Learning Objective: 13.1: How does sociology contribute to our understanding of health and illness?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: What Does Sociology Have to Do with Health, Illness, and Medical Care?

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. How does a long-term illness affect those around the sick person?

• Family members may need to sacrifice for the ill person. They may need a ride to the doctor, extra care at home, special food.
• The stress of seeing a loved-one ill or in pain is emotionally devastating.
• The financial burden of a long-term illness can put a strain on a family.
• The ill person may avoid friends and social settings.

Learning Objective: 13.2: In what ways are health and illness social experiences and not simply biological phenomena?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Illness Experience

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. Describe the concept of medicalization, and list two advantages and two disadvantages of it.

• Through medicalization, conditions that were once ignored or seen as moral failures become perceived as legitimate medical conditions.
• Advantages: Once a problem has been medicalized, the person may receive more support from people around him. He may receive access to medical treatment.
• Disadvantages: Treatment is usually restricted to medical professionals who may prescribe drugs or perform surgery instead of exploring other treatment methods. Also, medicalization sometimes causes people to overlook other causes of conditions. Finally, once a problem has been medicalized, we often overlook the social context of the problem.

Learning Objective: 13.3: What is medicalization?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Pros and Cons of Medicalization

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. Describe the theory of fundamental cause.

• Socioeconomic status is the most important factor regarding disparities in health.
• People with a low socioeconomic status find it harder to maintain good health and to get good health care when they need it.

Learning Objective: 13.4: How are an individual’s health behaviors (e.g., lack of exercise, unhealthy eating) influenced by social factors?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Fundamental Cause Theory

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. How does the U.S. health care system compare to other countries' systems?

• The United States spends twice as much per person on health care.
• The United States does not have universal health care coverage, while many other countries do.
• The United States has fewer doctors, and they are clustered in urban areas.
• Private insurance in the United States is prohibitively expensive.
• The ACA solved some of the problems, but not all.

Learning Objective: 13.6: What are the major issues facing the U.S. health care system?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: U.S. Health Care System

Difficulty Level: Hard