Ch.14 Full Test Bank Understanding Institutions Religion - Test Bank | Sociology in Action 2e by Korgen by Kathleen Odell Korgen. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 14: Understanding Institutions: Religion
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. Regarding religion, Emile Durkheim posited the dichotomy of the ______, or everyday life and the ______, things that inspire reverence.
a. pious; mundane
b. profane; sacred
c. mundane; pious
d. sacred; profane
Learning Objective: 14.1: How do sociologists define religion, religiosity, and spirituality?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Defining Religion Sociologically
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. The level of a person’s ______ includes one’s religious activities, practices, and beliefs.
a. spirituality
b. religiosity
c. functionalism
d. religious diffusion
Learning Objective: 14.1: How do sociologists define religion, religiosity, and spirituality?
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Defining Religion Sociologically
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. A set of beliefs and practices that have been socially constructed as sacred refers to ______.
a. education
b. social norms
c. religion
d. family
Learning Objective: 14.1: How do sociologists define religion, religiosity, and spirituality?
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Defining Religion Sociologically
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. How does spirituality connect with organized religion?
a. It is the basis for the boundaries of organized religion.
b. It is a constant that acts as counterpoint to the fluidity of religion.
c. It does not exist without organized religion.
d. It is a search of the sacred that does not necessarily end in organized religion.
Learning Objective: 14.1: How do sociologists define religion, religiosity, and spirituality?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Defining Religion Sociologically
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. A young woman practices mediation and yoga daily. She tells her friends that she is trying to find meaning and a purpose in her life. This is an example of ______.
a. mysticism
b. dharma
c. religion
d. spirituality
Learning Objective: 14.1: How do sociologists define religion, religiosity, and spirituality?
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Defining Religion Sociologically
Difficulty Level: Hard
6. The sociological imagination also allows us to see how religion ______ other major social institutions such as the family and the educational system.
a. intersects with
b. overcomes
c. runs parallel to
d. interferes with
Learning Objective: 14.1: How do sociologists define religion, religiosity, and spirituality?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Religion Is More than a Private Matter
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. What is one way schools are getting around the Supreme Court's prohibition of school prayer?
a. Sports teams are praying in the locker room before they take the field.
b. School prayers in the classroom are considered optional.
c. Schools have adopted moments of silence instead of verbal prayers.
d. Each day a prayer from a different religion is broadcast so as not to leave anyone out.
Learning Objective: 14.1: How do sociologists define religion, religiosity, and spirituality?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Religion Is More than a Private Matter
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. Current trends in American religious participation show ______.
a. a rise in Christian faiths
b. an increase in fundamentalism
c. more diversity in religious affiliation and participation than in previous decades
d. a decrease in non-Christian faith
Learning Objective: 14.2: What are pluralism and secularization?
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Religious Pluralism and Secularization
Difficulty Level: Easy
9. A society that is composed of different religious belief systems refers to ______ pluralism.
a. secular
b. religious
c. profane
d. spiritual
Learning Objective: 14.2: What are pluralism and secularization?
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Changing Demographics and Pluralism
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. Historically, immigrant groups coming to the United States from Europe brought with them which religious tradition(s)?
a. Christianity and Judaism
b. Agnosticism and Atheism
c. Islam
d. Hinduism and Buddhism
Learning Objective: 14.2: What are pluralism and secularization?
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Changing Demographics and Pluralism
Difficulty Level: Easy
11. What is a result of higher levels of religious pluralism in the United States?
a. less religious tolerance
b. more interreligious marriages
c. more religious choices, but fewer spiritual options
d. more religious participation
Learning Objective: 14.2: What are pluralism and secularization?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Changing Demographics and Pluralism
Difficulty Level: Medium
12. A country is seeing an increase of immigrants of a different religion. How would the religious community in this country deal with this situation using religious pluralism?
a. by speaking against these new religions as dangerous to our society
b. by sectioning off areas of the country where these religions can be practiced
c. by allowing these religions to co-exist with existing religions
d. by identifying practices the new immigrants cannot participate in while in this country
Learning Objective: 14.2: What are pluralism and secularization?
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Changing Demographics and Pluralism
Difficulty Level: Medium
13. The Pew Research Center for Religious Studies has indicated that there has been an increase in the percentage of people indicating no religious affiliation in the United States. This move away from religious values and institutions is called ______.
a. atheism
b. agnosticism
c. secularization
d. a religious crisis
Learning Objective: 14.2: What are pluralism and secularization?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Secularization
Difficulty Level: Medium
14. The influence of religion in ______ declines with urbanization, migration, developments in science and technology, and mass participation in the political process.
a. education
b. family life
c. governmental matters
d. changing demographics
Learning Objective: 14.2: What are pluralism and secularization?
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Secularization
Difficulty Level: Hard
15. When individuals believe that there is no God, they are identifying as ______.
a. agnostic
b. secular
c. atheist
d. spiritual
Learning Objective: 14.2: What are pluralism and secularization?
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Secularization
Difficulty Level: Easy
16. Which statement best describes agnosticism?
a. A person who identifies as religious and attends church every Sunday, but their actions do not reflect their religious doctrine
b. A person who argues that there is no God and that religion is a social construct only
c. A person who embraces spiritual practices and beliefs, but does not identify as religious
d. A person who does not disbelieve in a God, but argues that nothing can be known about God
Learning Objective: 14.2: What are pluralism and secularization?
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Secularization
Difficulty Level: Easy
17. Tasha isn't sure if she believes in God, but she does believe that people can be moral and righteous without religion or a divine God. Tasha is an example of ______.
a. an atheist
b. a secular humanist
c. spiritually independent
d. religiously unaffiliated
Learning Objective: 14.2: What are pluralism and secularization?
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Secularization
Difficulty Level: Medium
18. The connection between religion and ______may affect some people’s perceptions of organized religion and their likelihood of identifying with a particular, or any, religious affiliation.
a. immigration
b. politics
c. urbanization
d. technology
Learning Objective: 14.2: What are pluralism and secularization?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Secularization
Difficulty Level: Medium
19. Based on secularization theory, how would modernization impact religious organizations in a technologically advanced country?
a. by increasing congregation members online
b. by reducing the influence religion has on society
c. by promoting religion to all areas of the world
d. by increasing acceptance of different religions
Learning Objective: 14.2: What are pluralism and secularization?
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Secularization
Difficulty Level: Medium
20. Which generation is the least likely to identify as religious?
a. the Silent Generation
b. Generation X
c. Millennials
d. the Baby Boomers
Learning Objective: 14.2: What are pluralism and secularization?
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Secularization
Difficulty Level: Easy
21. A smaller country goes through the process of modernization and organized religion becomes less significant in peoples’ lives. Which theory explains this?
a. secularization theory
b. modernization theory
c. industrialization theory
d. cultural diffusion theory
Learning Objective: 14.2: What are pluralism and secularization?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Secularization
Difficulty Level: Medium
22. In sociology, ______ are also called newly formed religious movements (NRMs).
a. fundamentalist movements
b. doctrinal schisms
c. denominations
d. cults
Learning Objective: 14.2: What are pluralism and secularization?
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sects, Cults, and New Religious Movements
Difficulty Level: Easy
23. Which of these best describes sects?
a. major religious organizations
b. groups that require secret membership
c. subgroups that branch off from larger religions
d. religious groups that advocate violence
Learning Objective: 14.2: What are pluralism and secularization?
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sects, Cults, and New Religious Movements
Difficulty Level: Easy
24. Every religious movement at one point in time was considered ______.
a. a sect
b. fundamentalist
c. a newly formed religious movement
d. radical
Learning Objective: 14.2: What are pluralism and secularization?
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sects, Cults, and New Religious Movements
Difficulty Level: Easy
25. Heaven's Gate, the Branch Davidians, and Jonestown are all examples of ______.
a. orthodox sects
b. fundamentalist Christian churches
c. cults
d. radical religious movements
Learning Objective: 14.2: What are pluralism and secularization?
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sects, Cults, and New Religious Movements
Difficulty Level: Easy
26. Which two things are needed for fundamentalism to occur?
a. organized religion and spirituality
b. religion and secularization
c. modernization and secularization
d. social change and resistance
Learning Objective: 14.3: What is fundamentalism?
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Religious Fundamentalism
Difficulty Level: Easy
27. In the 1800s, religious fundamentalism was originally associated with ______.
a. conservative Protestants
b. devout Catholics
c. Islamic extremists
d. orthodox Judaism
Learning Objective: 14.3: What is fundamentalism?
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Religious Fundamentalism
Difficulty Level: Medium
28. A person who is very resistant to societal change and holds conservative values and traditional religious practices would be labeled as a ______.
a. religious affiliate
b. strict religious adherent
c. fundamentalist
d. cult member
Learning Objective: 14.3: What is fundamentalism?
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Religious Fundamentalism
Difficulty Level: Easy
29. What is a characteristic of fundamentalist groups and movements?
a. flexible beliefs
b. tolerance for other religions
c. religious liberalism
d. conformity to religious scriptures
Learning Objective: 14.3: What is fundamentalism?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Religious Fundamentalism
Difficulty Level: Medium
30. Research on violent acts and protests by fundamentalist groups, such as the Ku Klux Klan, indicates that religion ______.
a. is dogmatic and serves only to harm minority groups.
b. serves as a lens through which people view the world and make decisions.
c. creates social problems rather than alleviating societal anxiety.
d. is an organization comprised of elite members of society.
Learning Objective: 14.3: What is fundamentalism?
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Religious Fundamentalism
Difficulty Level: Medium
31. A fear or dislike of all or most Muslims refers to ______.
a. Islamophobia
b. xenophobia
c. agoraphobia
d. shairaphobia
Learning Objective: 14.3: What is fundamentalism?
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Extreme and Violent Fundamentalism
Difficulty Level: Easy
32. Religious groups that turn to violence also tend to be influenced by ______.
a. modernization
b. urbanization
c. patriarchy
d. mysticism
Learning Objective: 14.3: What is fundamentalism?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Extreme and Violent Fundamentalism
Difficulty Level: Medium
33. How is Islamophobia connected to religious fundamentalism in the United States?
a. Islamophobia decreases as fundamentalism increases.
b. Fundamentalism decreases as islamophobia increases.
c. Fundamentalism is fueled by the portrayal of Americans as Islamophobes.
d. Islamophobia is fueled by the portrayal of Muslims and Arabs as violent fundamentalists.
Learning Objective: 14.3: What is fundamentalism?
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Extreme and Violent Fundamentalism
Difficulty Level: Medium
34. As secularization occurs in the United States, more churches rely on ______ to become members of their churches.
a. families
b. females
c. immigrants
d. young people
Learning Objective: 14.4: What are the current trends in religious affiliation and participation in the United States?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Religious Affiliation and Race
Difficulty Level: Medium
35. Among Christian religious groups, ______ are more likely to report religious affiliation, while among Muslim and Orthodox Jews, ______ are more likely to attend religious services.
a. women; men
b. men; women
c. families; men
d. men; families
Learning Objective: 14.4: What are the current trends in religious affiliation and participation in the United States?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Religious Affiliation and Gender
Difficulty Level: Medium
36. Which religion is most likely to have women serving as clergy?
a. Catholic
b. Jewish
c. evangelical Protestant
d. Muslim
Learning Objective: 14.4: What are the current trends in religious affiliation and participation in the United States?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Religious Affiliation and Gender
Difficulty Level: Medium
37. Globally, which religion is the most widely practiced?
a. Judaism
b. Hinduism
c. Christianity
d. Buddhism
Learning Objective: 14.5: How does the process of global diffusion apply to religion?
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Global Diffusion of Religion
Difficulty Level: Easy
38. A researcher wants to graph trends in populations and religion. How would age impact this graph?
a. Religions with higher numbers of older members will likely see a decrease in adherents.
b. Religions with younger members will likely see more members drop out.
c. Religions with older populations will be able to bring in more new members.
d. Religions with more members who are younger are less stable.
Learning Objective: 14.5: How does the process of global diffusion apply to religion?
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Global Diffusion of Religion
Difficulty Level: Hard
39. The process of religion spreading throughout the world is known as ______ diffusion.
a. assimilative
b. social
c. transnational
d. cultural
Learning Objective: 14.5: How does the process of global diffusion apply to religion?
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Cultural Diffusion
Difficulty Level: Easy
40. In a ______ society, smaller groups within a larger society maintain their distinct cultural and religious identities.
a. pluralistic
b. secular
c. diverse
d. diffuse
Learning Objective: 14.5: How does the process of global diffusion apply to religion?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Cultural Diffusion
Difficulty Level: Medium
41. ______ noted that religion allows for social integration and therefore lowers suicide rates, but also cautioned that when people experience extreme religious integration and conformity, higher rates of mass suicide can occur.
a. Emile Durkheim
b. Karl Marx
c. Max Weber
d. Michel Foucault
Learning Objective: 14.6: How does each of the major theoretical paradigms in sociology explain religion?
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Structural Functionalism
Difficulty Level: Easy
42. When religion dictates everything a person does and controls their everyday behaviors, religion becomes ______.
a. social functionalism
b. extremism
c. totalism
d. violent
Learning Objective: 14.6: How does each of the major theoretical paradigms in sociology explain religion?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Structural Functionalism
Difficulty Level: Medium
43. Which major sociological theory understands religion to be an institution that creates norms, customs, and practices that maintain social order?
a. conflict theory
b. symbolic interactionism
c. structural functionalism
d. critical theory
Learning Objective: 14.6: How does each of the major theoretical paradigms in sociology explain religion?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Structural Functionalism
Difficulty Level: Medium
44. How did Durkheim see the role of religion in society?
a. as a means of controlling the lower classes
b. ss a means of promoting patriarchy
c. as a means of sharing meaning
d. as a means of guiding our actions
Learning Objective: 14.6: How does each of the major theoretical paradigms in sociology explain religion?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Structural Functionalism
Difficulty Level: Medium
45. Which type of theorist would note that religion helps maintain systems of social stratification and religious figures who hold power use it to exploit disenfranchised populations?
a. conflict
b. symbolic interactionist
c. structural functionalist
d. feminist
Learning Objective: 14.6: How does each of the major theoretical paradigms in sociology explain religion?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Conflict Theory
Difficulty Level: Medium
46. Who believed religion to be the “opiate of the masses,” meaning religion was used by the elite classes to distract the workers?
a. Emile Durkheim
b. Karl Marx
c. Max Weber
d. Erving Goffman
Learning Objective: 14.6: How does each of the major theoretical paradigms in sociology explain religion?
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Karl Marx
Difficulty Level: Easy
47. A theorist interested in researching the ways in which individuals actively create religions as they construct their social environments based on the meanings they attribute to their actions and interactions, is using which of the sociological perspectives?
a. Structural functionalism
b. Conflict theory
c. Symbolic interactionism
d. Labeling theory
Learning Objective: 14.6: How does each of the major theoretical paradigms in sociology explain religion?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Symbolic Interactionism
Difficulty Level: Medium
48. According to symbolic interactionism perspective, rituals are ______.
a. the unchanging rules of a religion
b. the acceptance of symbols
c. ceremonial behaviors
d. moral codes
Learning Objective: 14.6: How does each of the major theoretical paradigms in sociology explain religion?
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Symbolic Interactionism
Difficulty Level: Easy
49. A congregation has both upper-class and working-class members. How would the distinction between the classes be explained by the Protestant work ethic?
a. The upper-class members must share their wealth to earn their place in heaven.
b. The working-class members should work harder to gain success.
c. The upper-class members signify capitalism, which is contrary to religion.
d. The working-class members are destined for heaven based on their simple lifestyles.
Learning Objective: 14.6: How does each of the major theoretical paradigms in sociology explain religion?
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Max Weber
Difficulty Level: Hard
50. Which theory notes that people seek morally-oriented collective identities that provide members with meaning and a sense of belonging?
a. social identity theory
b. personal identity theory
c. role identity theory
d. subcultural identity theory
Learning Objective: 14.7: What are some recent examples of how religion has fostered social change efforts?
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Religious Affiliation and Attitudes towards Social Issues
Difficulty Level: Easy
51. Johann's church is steeped in traditionalism. He was taught to believe that anyone who belongs to a different church is sinful. In this case, group identity most likely ______.
a. creates divisiveness and disharmony that prevents members from becoming unified.
b. promotes class distinctions and changes in membership.
c. decreases competition between congregations and allows them to exist together.
d. increases cohesion within the congregation.
Learning Objective: 14.7: What are some recent examples of how religion has fostered social change efforts?
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Religious Affiliation and Attitudes towards Social Issues
Difficulty Level: Medium
52. How does the hate group the KKK use religion to promote its agenda?
a. It uses Christianity to justify violence.
b. It avoids religion in order to prevent negative judgment by church members.
c. It recruits religious leaders to help it get its message across.
d. It expresses its faith and plans for social change.
Learning Objective: 14.7: What are some recent examples of how religion has fostered social change efforts?
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Religion and Social Change
Difficulty Level: Hard
53. On World Day of Peace in 2016, which leader stated that peace is “grounded in the mutual responsibility and interdependence of human beings”?
a. the Pope
b. Donald Trump
c. Justin Trudeau
d. Angela Merkel
Learning Objective: 14.7: What are some recent examples of how religion has fostered social change efforts?
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Religion and Social Change
Difficulty Level: Easy
54. Which religious group has long stressed the importance of the spiritual relationship between people and the planet?
a. cult religions
b. Christianity
c. indigenous religions
d. Judaism
Learning Objective: 14.7: What are some recent examples of how religion has fostered social change efforts?
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Religion and Social Change
Difficulty Level: Easy
55. Pope Francis has publicly addressed climate change and the need to take action against it as a religious imperative. This is an example of ______.
a. green sermonizing
b. religious environmentalism
c. spiritual counseling
d. responsible leadership
Learning Objective: 14.7: What are some recent examples of how religion has fostered social change efforts?
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Religion and Social Change
Difficulty Level: Hard
True/False
1. Spirituality occurs as people take part in activities that are sacred and ritualistic.
Learning Objective: 14.1: How do sociologists define religion, religiosity, and spirituality?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Defining Religion Sociologically
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. Biblical passages have been used to justify court decisions.
Learning Objective: 14.1: How do sociologists define religion, religiosity, and spirituality?
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Religion is More Than a Private Matter
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. Because pluralism suggests a degree of diversity and more religious and spiritual choices, religious pluralism leads to more religious participation.
Learning Objective: 14.2: What are pluralism and secularization?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Changing Demographics and Pluralism
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. Agnostics do not believe in a God.
Learning Objective: 14.2: What are pluralism and secularization?
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Secularization
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. Secular humanists believe that God guides our behaviors.
Learning Objective: 14.2: What are pluralism and secularization?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Secularization
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. Fundamentalists resist change in favor of conservative traditional religious views.
Learning Objective: 14.3: What is fundamentalism?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Religious Fundamentalism
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. Sunni and Shia are two sects of Islam.
Learning Objective: 14.2: What are pluralism and secularization?
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sects, Cults, and New Religious Movements
Difficulty Level: Easy
8. Fundamentalists believe that their religion is the one true religion and is without any flaws.
Learning Objective: 14.3: What is fundamentalism?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Religious Fundamentalism
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. One reason that fundamentalists use violence is to open their membership to others.
Learning Objective: 14.3: What is fundamentalism?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Extreme and Violent Fundamentalism
Difficulty Level: Medium
10. As secularization increases, churches become more insular and less open to diversity.
Learning Objective: 14.4: What are the current trends in religious affiliation and participation in the United States?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Religious Affiliation and Race
Difficulty Level: Medium
11. Religion as an institution is gender neutral.
Learning Objective: 14.4: What are the current trends in religious affiliation and participation in the United States?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Religious Affiliation and Gender
Difficulty Level: Medium
12. Ethnic enclaves prevent religious pluralism from occurring.
Learning Objective: 14.5: How does the process of global diffusion apply to religion?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Cultural Diffusion
Difficulty Level: Medium
13. The Taliban allows girls to attend school through 8th grade.
Learning Objective: 14.7: What are some recent examples of how religion has fostered social change efforts?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Religion and Social Change
Difficulty Level: Medium
14. Both violent and positive examples of social change can be attributed to religion throughout history.
Learning Objective: 14.7: What are some recent examples of how religion has fostered social change efforts?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Religion and Social Issues, Social Change, and Everyday Life
Difficulty Level: Medium
Short Answer
1. Distinguish between the profane and the sacred. Give an example of each.
Learning Objective: 14.1: How do sociologists define religion, religiosity, and spirituality?
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Defining Religion Sociologically
Difficulty Level: Hard
2. Explain how Islamophobia started in the United States and what the result has been.
Learning Objective: 14.2: What are pluralism and secularization?
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Extreme and Violent Fundamentalism
Difficulty Level: Hard
3. Define the characteristics of fundamentalist groups and movements.
Learning Objective: 14.3: What is fundamentalism?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Religious Fundamentalism
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. Discuss how cultural diffusion leads to pluralism and assimilation.
Learning Objective: 14.5: How does the process of global diffusion apply to religion?
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Cultural Diffusion
Difficulty Level: Hard
5. Discuss the views of Calvinism as they relate to capitalism.
Learning Objective: 14.6: How do each of the major theoretical paradigms in sociology explain religion?
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Max Weber
Difficulty Level: Hard
6. Explain Durkheim’s thoughts on the impact of religion on suicide risk.
Learning Objective: 14.6: How do each of the major theoretical paradigms in sociology explain religion?
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Structural Functionalism
Difficulty Level: Medium
Essay
1. The terms religiosity and spirituality often get confused as people think they are one and the same. Differentiate between these two concepts and provide an example of each.
Learning Objective: 14.1: How do sociologists define religion, religiosity, and spirituality?
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Defining Religion Sociologically
Difficulty Level: Hard
2. Compare and contrast atheists and agnostics.
Learning Objective: 14.2: What are pluralism and secularization?
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Secularization
Difficulty Level: Hard
3. Discuss fundamentalism and illustrate the concept with a historical example.
Learning Objective: 14.3: What is fundamentalism?
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Religious Fundamentalism
Difficulty Level: Hard
4. Explain how religion promotes gender inequality and patriarchy.
Learning Objective: 14.4: What are the current trends in religious affiliation and participation in the United States?
Answer Location: Religious Affiliation and Gender
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. Compare and contrast views on religion from the structural functionalist, conflict, and symbolic interactionist perspectives.
While structural functionalists focus on the interrelatedness of social institutions, conflict theorists highlight how the economic, societal, religious, and political systems create a system of social stratification. Conflict theorists note the unequal distribution of power and resources across society. Those with more power and prestige are invested in maintaining the status quo and use religion to oppress and exploit subordinate groups.
Structural functionalists and conflict theorists provide a macro-analysis of religion while symbolic interactionists focus on the micro-aspects. From a symbolic interactionist perspective, religion is characterized by having a set of symbols, rituals (or ceremonial behaviors), and a shared understanding among a group of people. Individuals actively create religions as they construct their social environments based on the meanings they attribute to their actions and interactions.
Learning Objective: 14.6: How do each of the major theoretical paradigms in sociology explain religion?
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Applying Sociological Theory to Religion
Difficulty Level: Hard
Document Information
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