Exam Questions Sensation and Perception Chapter 3 - Psychology and Your Life 3rd Edition | Test Bank with Answer Key by Robert S. Feldman. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 03
Test Bank
1. Anna is reading her psychology textbook. The activation of the receptors in her retina by a source of physical energy is called ________.
A. perception
B. sensation
C. integration
D. interpretationPage: 86
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology.
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 8.1: Define absolute thresholds.
Module: 8: Sensing the World Around Us
Topic: Sensation2. The activation of the sense organs by a source of physical energy is known as ________.
A. perception
B. sensation
C. integration
D. interpretationPage: 86
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 8.1: Define absolute thresholds.
Module: 8: Sensing the World Around Us
Topic: Sensation3. The sorting out, interpretation, analysis, and integration of stimuli by the sense organs and brain is known as ________.
A. perception
B. sensation
C. activation
D. stimulationPage: 86
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 8.1: Define absolute thresholds.
Module: 8: Sensing the World Around Us
Topic: Perception
4. Which of the following statements is true of sensation and perception?
A. Perception generally precedes sensation in the processing of a stimulus.
B. Sensation and perception are essentially synonyms.
C. Sensation involves the interpretation of a stimulus, whereas perception does not.
D. Sensation involves the activation of sense receptors, whereas perception involves interpretation.Page: 89
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 8.1: Define absolute thresholds.
Module: 8: Sensing the World Around Us
Topic: Sensation and Perception
5. The study of the relationship between the physical aspects of stimuli and our psychological experience of them is known as ________.
A. developmental psychology
B. thermodynamics
C. psychophysics
D. experimental psychologyPage: 87
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 8.1: Define absolute thresholds.
Module: 8: Sensing the World Around Us
Topic: PerceptionTopic: Sensation
6. Dr. Breiland examines the relationship between the physical properties of light, such as its amplitude and wavelength, and the human perception of color. Which of the following terms best describes Dr. Breiland's field of study?
A. Developmental psychology
B. Psychophysics
C. Thermodynamics
D. Experimental psychologyPage: 87
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 8.1: Define absolute thresholds.
Module: 8: Sensing the World Around Us
Topic: PerceptionTopic: Sensation
7. A(n) ________ is the smallest intensity of a stimulus that must be present for the stimulus to be detected.
A. difference threshold
B. absolute threshold
C. adaptation threshold
D. intensity thresholdPage: 87
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 8.1: Define absolute thresholds.
Module: 8: Sensing the World Around Us
Topic: Absolute Threshold
8. Under ideal circumstances, it is possible for someone to detect a single drop of perfume diffused in an area equivalent to that of a one-bedroom apartment. This is due to:
A. absolute threshold.
B. difference threshold.
C. adaptation threshold.
D. psychophysical minimum.Page: 87
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 8.1: Define absolute thresholds.
Module: 8: Sensing the World Around Us
Topic: Absolute Threshold
9. Which of the following statements best explains the meaning of the term noise as psychophysicists use it?
A. It is exclusively composed of unwanted stimuli.
B. It is merely an unpleasant sound.
C. It is a background stimulation that interferes with the perception of other stimuli.
D. It is exclusively composed of auditory stimuli.Page: 88
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 8.1: Define absolute thresholds.
Module: 8: Sensing the World Around Us
Topic: Absolute Threshold
10. The smallest level of added or reduced stimulation required to sense that a change in stimulation has occurred is known as the ________.
A. difference threshold
B. absolute threshold
C. adaptation threshold
D. intensity thresholdPage: 88
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 8.2: Explain the difference threshold and Weber's law.
Module: 8: Sensing the World Around Us
Topic: Difference Threshold
11. A snack manufacturer realizes that he must increase the salt content of his company's chips by at least 3% for a sample of consumers to notice that the chips are saltier than they were before. This scenario best illustrates the concept of a(n):
A. absolute threshold.
B. difference threshold.
C. frequency threshold.
D. adaptation threshold.Page: 88
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology.
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 8.2: Explain the difference threshold and Weber's law.
Module: 8: Sensing the World Around Us
Topic: Difference Threshold
12. Weber's law states that a just noticeable difference is a ________.
A. fixed value
B. constant proportion of the intensity of an initial stimulus
C. variable proportion of the intensity of an initial stimulus
D. random valuePage: 88
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 8.2: Explain the difference threshold and Weber's law.
Module: 8: Sensing the World Around Us
Topic: Webers Law
13. Acme Foods wants to make its chips saltier, but it doesn't want to spend more than it has to on salt. A sample of consumers is asked to compare its current chips variety (saltiness = 100) with saltier versions and to say whether the new versions are saltier. On an average, sample consumers reliably say that a new chips variety is saltier when its saltiness value is 108, but not when its saltiness value is below 108. Assuming Acme Foods' sample consumers are representative of people in general, which of the following percentage values best represents the just noticeable difference for saltiness?
A. 8%
B. 108%
C. 80%
D. 100%Page: 91
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology.
APA Outcome: 2.3: Engage in innovative and integrative thinking and problem solving.
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 8.2: Explain the difference threshold and Weber's law.
Module: 8: Sensing the World Around Us
Topic: Difference Threshold
14. ________ states that a just noticeable difference is a constant proportion of the intensity of an initial stimulus.
A. Fitt's law
B. Weber's law
C. Bloch's law
D. Hick's lawPage: 88
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 8.2: Explain the difference threshold and Weber's law.
Module: 8: Sensing the World Around Us
Topic: Webers Law
15. The law relating the value of a stimulus along some dimension to the just noticeable difference is ________ law.
A. Wernicke's
B. Wundt's
C. Weber's
D. Wertheimer'sPage: 88
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 8.2: Explain the difference threshold and Weber's law.
Module: 8: Sensing the World Around Us
Topic: Webers Law
16. Which of the following laws best explains why a person in a quiet room is more startled by the ringing of a telephone than a person who is already in a noisy room?
A. Fitt’s law
B. Weber's law
C. Bloch's law
D. Hick's lawPage: 88–89
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 8.2: Explain the difference threshold and Weber's law.
Module: 8: Sensing the World Around Us
Topic: Webers Law
17. ________ is an adjustment in sensory capacity after prolonged exposure to unchanging stimuli.
A. Adaptation
B. Accommodation
C. Acclimation
D. AttenuationPage: 89
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 8.3: Discuss sensory adaptation.
Module: 8: Sensing the World Around Us
Topic: Sensory Adaptation
18. "It's so noisy! How can you stand it?" remarks Caitlyn as the thruway traffic screams past her friend Dave's ground floor apartment. "I don't even notice it anymore," Dave replies. This exchange best exemplifies the concept of:
A. adaptation.
B. accommodation.
C. acclimation.
D. attenuation.Page: 89
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology.
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 8.3: Discuss sensory adaptation.
Module: 8: Sensing the World Around Us
Topic: Sensory Adaptation
19. A person can forget where his or her sunglasses are placed even though they are on top of his or her head. Which of the following statements best explains this phenomenon?
A. It is difficult for one to remember everything that one has to.
B. Sensory nerve receptors are unable to fire off messages to the brain indefinitely.
C. The sensation of the glasses on the person’s head has not reached the absolute threshold for touch.
D. The difference threshold for touch is not strong enough.Page: 89
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology.
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 8.3: Discuss sensory adaptation.
Module: 8: Sensing the World Around Us
Topic: Sensory Adaptation
20. In the context of what one can see, the range of wavelengths that humans can detect is called the ________.
A. power spectrum
B. mass spectrum
C. frequency spectrum
D. visual spectrumPage: 91
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.1: Explain the basic structure of the eye.
Module: 9: Vision
Topic: Visual Spectrum
21. The ________ bends light as it passes through and focuses the light more sharply.
A. cornea
B. pupil
C. iris
D. lensPage: 92
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.1: Explain the basic structure of the eye.
Module: 9: Vision
Topic: Vision
22. The ________ is a dark hole in the center of the ________, the colored part of the eye.
A. pupil; iris
B. iris; pupil
C. cornea; lens
D. lens; corneaPage: 92
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.1: Explain the basic structure of the eye.
Module: 9: Vision
Topic: Vision
23. Which of the following sequences best reflects the order in which light passes through the structures of the eye during the process of vision?
A. Pupil → cornea → lens → retina
B. Pupil → lens → cornea → retina
C. Cornea → lens → pupil → retina
D. Cornea → pupil → lens → retinaPage: 92–93
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 9.1: Explain the basic structure of the eye.
Module: 9: Vision
Topic: Vision
24. The part of the eye that converts the electromagnetic energy of light to electrical impulses for transmission to the brain is known as the ________.
A. retina
B. fovea
C. iris
D. pupilPage: 93
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.1: Explain the basic structure of the eye.
Module: 9: Vision
Topic: Visual Processing
25. Unlike cones, rods are:
A. densely concentrated in the fovea.
B. responsible for color perception.
C. crucial to peripheral vision.
D. very few in number.Page: 93
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 9.1: Explain the basic structure of the eye.
Module: 9: Vision
Topic: Visual Processing
26. Thin, cylindrical receptor cells in the retina that are highly sensitive to light are called ________.
A. lenses
B. pons
C. rods
D. conesPage: 93
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.1: Explain the basic structure of the eye.
Module: 9: Vision
Topic: Visual Processing
27. ________ are light-sensitive receptor cells in the retina that are responsible for sharp focus and color perception, particularly in bright light, and are concentrated on the part of the retina called the fovea.
A. Lenses
B. Pons
C. Rods
D. ConesPage: 93
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.1: Explain the basic structure of the eye.
Module: 9: Vision
Topic: Visual Processing
28. Adelaide notices a flicker of motion out of the corner of her eye as she hurries down a dimly lit alley late at night. Sydney deciphers a complex wiring diagram under the bright glare of her desk lamp. Adelaide's vision is driven mainly by ________. Sydney’s vision is mainly using ________.
A. cones; cones as well
B. rods; rods as well
C. cones; rods
D. rods; conesPage: 93
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 9.1: Explain the basic structure of the eye.
Module: 9: Vision
Topic: Visual Processing
29. Which of the following statements is true of cones?
A. They play a key role in night vision.
B. They are thin, cylindrical receptor cells that are highly sensitive to light.
C. They are primarily responsible for the sharply focused perception of color.
D. They play a key role in seeing objects that are outside the main center of focus.Page: 93
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 9.1: Explain the basic structure of the eye.
Module: 9: Vision
Topic: Visual Processing
30. The ________ play a key role in peripheral vision, seeing objects that are outside the main center of focus.
A. lenses
B. pons
C. rods
D. conesPage: 97
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.1: Explain the basic structure of the eye.
Module: 9: Vision
Topic: Visual Processing
31. Which of the following sequences best reflects the order in which light stimulates cells during the visual processing of an image?
A. Bipolar cells → ganglion cells → rods and cones
B. Bipolar cells → rods and cones → ganglion cells
C. Ganglion cells → rods and cones → bipolar cells
D. Rods and cones → bipolar cells → ganglion cellsPage: 93–94
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 9.1: Explain the basic structure of the eye.
Module: 9: Vision
Topic: Visual Processing
32. ________ cells receive information directly from the rods and cones and communicate that information to the ________ cells.
A. Bipolar; ganglion
B. Dendritic; microglial
C. Adrenergic; peptidergic
D. Squamous; columnarPage: 93–94
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.1: Explain the basic structure of the eye.
Module: 9: Vision
Topic: Visual Processing
33. The ________ is a bundle of ganglion axons that carry visual information to the brain.
A. cochlear gland
B. optic nerve
C. lacrimal gland
D. phrenic nervePage: 93
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.1: Explain the basic structure of the eye.
Module: 9: Vision
Topic: Visual Processing
34. The point at which the optic nerves meet and then split is known as the:
A. optic callosum.
B. optic fissure.
C. optic chiasm.
D. optic sulcus.Page: 94
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.1: Explain the basic structure of the eye.
Module: 9: Vision
Topic: The EyeTopic: Vision
35. The ultimate processing of visual images takes place in the visual ________ of the brain.
A. callosum
B. thalamus
C. cortex
D. medullaPage: 95
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.1: Explain the basic structure of the eye.
Module: 9: Vision
Topic: Visual Processing
36. ________ is the activation of neurons in the visual cortex by visual stimuli of specific shapes or patterns.
A. Blob detection
B. Interest point detection
C. Corner detection
D. Feature detectionPage: 95
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.1: Explain the basic structure of the eye.
Module: 9: Vision
Topic: Visual Processing
37. In the most common form of color blindness, all:
A. objects appear black and white.
B. blue and yellow objects appear the same.
C. red and green objects appear yellow.
D. green objects appear red.Page: 97
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.2: Compare and contrast color vision with color blindness.
Module: 9: Vision
Topic: Color Vision
38. Damon suffers from the most common form of color blindness. Which of the following statements best illustrates Damon's experience of color?
A. Everything appears to be green.
B. A pound of butter seems to be of the same color as the blue dish on which it is resting.
C. Everything looks black, gray, or white.
D. Red apples on a tree seem to be yellow.Page: 97
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 9.2: Compare and contrast color vision with color blindness.
Module: 9: Vision
Topic: Color Vision
39. The ________ states that there are three kinds of cones in the retina, each of which responds primarily to a specific range of wavelengths.
A. opponent-process theory
B. emission theory
C. trichromatic theory of color vision
D. visual perception theoryPage: 97
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.2: Compare and contrast color vision with color blindness.
Module: 9: Vision
Topic: Color VisionTopic: Trichromatic Color Theory
40. According to the ________ of color vision, receptor cells are linked in pairs, working in opposition to each other.
A. opponent-process theory
B. emission theory
C. trichromatic theory
D. visual perception theoryPage: 97
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.2: Compare and contrast color vision with color blindness.
Module: 9: Vision
Topic: Color VisionTopic: Trichromatic Color Theory
41. The opponent-process theory:
A. states that the perception of color is influenced by the relative strength with which each of the three kinds of cones is activated.
B. suggests that, in addition to black and white, there are four, rather than three, primary colors.
C. states that the cells that respond to color operate independently, rather than in conjunction.
D. provides a weak explanation for afterimages.Page: 97–98
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 9.2: Compare and contrast color vision with color blindness.
Module: 9: Vision
Topic: Color Vision
42. If Debbie stares at an illustration of the American flag for a while and then glances at a blank, white page, she will be able to view the image of the flag, but the red stripes will turn green on the blank page. Which of the following statements best explains this phenomenon?
A. The cones responsive to green light begin firing.
B. The cones responsive to red light stop firing.
C. The receptor cells for the red component of the red-green pairing become fatigued.
D. The receptor cells for the green component of the red-green pairing begin to adapt.Page: 98
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 9.2: Compare and contrast color vision with color blindness.
Module: 9: Vision
Topic: Color Vision
43. With respect to the trichromatic and the opponent-process theories of color perception, which of the following statements is most likely to be true?
A. The trichromatic theory has largely been discredited.
B. The opponent-process theory has largely been discredited.
C. Trichromatic process works within the retina itself, whereas opponent mechanisms operate both in the retina and at later stages of neuronal processing.
D. The opponent-process theory describes color processing early in the visual system; trichromatic theory describes color processing later on in the visual system.Page: 101
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 9.2: Compare and contrast color vision with color blindness.
Module: 9: Vision
Topic: Color VisionTopic: Trichromatic Color Theory
44. The eardrum is a:
A. part of the outer ear that vibrates when sound waves hit it.
B. thin membrane leading to the inner ear.
C. coiled tube in the inner ear filled with fluid that vibrates in response to sound.
D. vibrating structure that runs through the center of the cochlea, dividing it into an upper chamber and a lower chamber, and contains sense receptors for sound.Page: 101
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 10.1: Describe how we sense sound.
Module: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: The Ear
45. The cochlea is a:
A. part of the outer ear that vibrates when sound waves hit it.
B. thin membrane leading to the inner ear.
C. coiled tube in the inner ear filled with fluid that vibrates in response to sound.
D. vibrating structure that runs through the center of the cochlea, dividing it into an upper chamber and a lower chamber, and contains sense receptors for sound.Page: 101
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 10.1: Describe how we sense sound.
Module: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: The Ear
46. The basilar membrane is a:
A. part of the outer ear that vibrates when sound waves hit it.
B. tube like passage that leads to the eardrum.
C. coiled tube in the inner ear filled with fluid that vibrates in response to sound.
D. vibrating structure that runs through the center of the cochlea, dividing it into an upper chamber and a lower chamber, and contains sense receptors for sound.Page: 101
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 10.1: Describe how we sense sound.
Module: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: The Ear
47. The bones of the middle ear include each of the following EXCEPT the:
A. hammer.
B. anvil.
C. pinna.
D. stirrup.Page: 101
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.1: Describe how we sense sound.
Module: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: The Ear
48. Which of the following sequences arranges the structures of the inner ear from the largest and most inclusive to the smallest and most specific?
A. Cochlea → basilar membrane → hair cells
B. Cochlea → hair cells → basilar membrane
C. Basilar membrane → hair cells → cochlea
D. Hair cells → cochlea → basilar membranePage: 101
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 10.1: Describe how we sense sound.
Module: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: The Ear
49. Hair cells for hearing are located in the:
A. eardrum.
B. cochlea.
C. auditory canal.
D. semicircular canals.Page: 101
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.1: Describe how we sense sound.
Module: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: The Ear
50. The ________ consists of three tubes containing fluid that sloshes through them when the head moves, signaling rotational or angular movement to the brain.
A. oval window
B. auditory canal
C. Eustachian tube
D. semicircular canalPage: 102
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.1: Describe how we sense sound.
Module: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: Balance
51. Which of the following sequences arranges the structures from the largest and most inclusive to the smallest and most specific?
A. Inner ear → otoliths → semicircular canal
B. Inner ear → semicircular canals → otoliths
C. Otoliths → semicircular canals → inner ear
D. Otoliths → inner ear → semicircular canalsPage: 106
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 10.1: Describe how we sense sound.
Module: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: Hearing
52. The brain's inexperience in interpreting messages from the weightless ________ causes the space sickness commonly experienced by two-thirds of all space travelers.
A. hair cells
B. otoliths
C. Eustachian tube
D. cochleaPage: 102
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 10.1: Describe how we sense sound.
Module: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: Balance
53. The human sense of smell permits us to detect ________ separate smells.
A. more than 10,000
B. 1,000–10,000
C. 100–1,000
D. 10–100Page: 102–103
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.2: Discuss smell and taste.
Module: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: Smell
54. Which of the following statements regarding smell is false?
A. Men generally have a better sense of smell than women.
B. People can distinguish men from women solely on the basis of the smell of breath.
C. People can distinguish happy from sad emotions based on underarm smells.
D. Women are able to identify their babies solely on the basis of smell just a few hours after birth.Page: 107
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 10.2: Discuss smell and taste.
Module: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: Smell
55. ________ are chemicals nonhumans release into the environment that produce a reaction in other members of the same species, permitting the transmission of messages such as sexual availability.
A. Pheromones
B. Ketones
C. Hydratones
D. KairomonesPage: 103
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.2: Discuss smell and taste.
Module: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: Smell
56. The human sense of taste involves receptor cells that respond to ________ basic tastes.
A. 1–3
B. 4–5
C. 6–7
D. 8–10Page: 103
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.2: Discuss smell and taste.
Module: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: Taste
57. Cindy loves roast beef with rich brown gravy, often described as a "savory" dish. She prefers the taste that is predominant in this dish. In this scenario, the taste that is being referred to is:
A. bitter.
B. salty.
C. umami.
D. sweet.Page: 103
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology.
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 10.2: Discuss smell and taste.
Module: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: Taste
58. Which of the following statements is true of "supertasters"?
A. They seek out relatively sweeter and fattier foods than do nontasters.
B. They are prone to obesity.
C. They are relatively insensitive to the taste known as umami.
D. They find sweets sweeter, cream creamier, and spicy dishes spicier.Page: 104
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 10.2: Discuss smell and taste.
Module: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: Taste
59. Nerve receptor cells for the skin senses are:
A. located at a uniform depth throughout the skin.
B. not associated with chronic pain.
C. unevenly distributed throughout the skin.
D. not related to the sense of pressure.Page: 104–105
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 10.3: Distinguish the skin senses.
Module: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: Touch
60. Approximately, how much does pain management cost the United States each year?
A. $600 billion
B. $1 billion
C. $600 million
D. $3.49 millionPage: 105
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.3: Distinguish the skin senses.
Module: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: Pain
61. One of the primary reasons why women experience pain more intensely than men is that:
A. women produce certain hormones related to the menstrual cycle.
B. women have more pain gates in the nervous system than do men.
C. women have more substance P in their systems than do men.
D. women are encouraged by society to experience and express pain more intensely than are men.Page: 112
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 10.3: Distinguish the skin senses.
Module: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: Pain
62. Which of the following treatments for pain is most effective for people who continually say to themselves, "This pain will never stop, and it is ruining my life"?
A. Cognitive restructuring
B. Biofeedback and relaxation techniques
C. Light therapy
D. Nerve and brain stimulationPage: 108
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.3: Distinguish the skin senses.
Module: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: Pain
63. Mr. Redding often reacts to pain saying, "I can’t take this anymore." In such instances, he is supposed to immediately tell himself, "Stop! I am in control of my pain." This pain management technique is known as:
A. psychodynamic restructuring.
B. cognitive restructuring.
C. biofeedback.
D. mirror pain therapy.Page: 108
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology.
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 10.3: Distinguish the skin senses.
Module: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: Pain
64. Mrs. Sampson suffers from excruciating backaches. She undergoes a treatment that uses low-voltage electric current, which is passed through her lower back. In this scenario, which of the following pain management techniques does Mrs. Sampson use?
A. Acupuncture
B. Cognitive restructuring
C. Biofeedback
D. Nerve stimulationPage: 107
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology.
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 10.3: Distinguish the skin senses.
Module: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: Pain
65. Which of the following statements is true of light therapy?
A. It passes an electric current through the part of the body that is affected by pain.
B. It stimulates nerve cells in the brain to provide direct pain relief.
C. It stimulates the production of healing enzymes.
D. It encourages the development of different thought patterns and beliefs.Page: 107
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 10.3: Distinguish the skin senses.
Module: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: Pain
66. ________ focus on the organization of perception and thinking in a "whole" sense rather than on the individual elements.
A. Gestalt laws of organization
B. Taylor's principles of scientific management
C. The theories of the neoclassical period
D. The theories that belong to the bureaucratic approachPage: 111
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 11.1: Explain the gestalt laws of organization.
Module: 11: Perceptual Organization
Topic: Gestalt Principles
67. Artie decides to rearrange his office and organizes the binders in his office by color. This color-coding exemplifies the gestalt principle of:
A. proximity.
B. similarity.
C. chromaticity.
D. closure.Page: 112
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology.
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 11.1: Explain the gestalt laws of organization.
Module: 11: Perceptual Organization
Topic: Gestalt Principles
68. Consider the figure within the parentheses: (XX XX XX). The fact that one is likely to perceive three pairs of X's reflects the gestalt principle of:
A. symmetry.
B. proximity.
C. closure.
D. chromaticity.Page: 111
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 11.1: Explain the gestalt laws of organization.
Module: 11: Perceptual Organization
Topic: Figure-Ground RelationshipTopic: Gestalt Principles
69. In a general sense, the overriding gestalt principle of perceptual organization is:
A. complexity.
B. simplicity.
C. symmetry.
D. similarity.Page: 112
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 11.1: Explain the gestalt laws of organization.
Module: 11: Perceptual Organization
Topic: Gestalt Principles
70. Which of the following gestalt laws is correctly defined?
A. Similarity is the tendency to fill in small gaps in objects.
B. Simplicity occurs when stimuli resembling one another tend to be grouped together.
C. Proximity occurs when stimuli close to one another tend to be grouped together.
D. Closure occurs when stimuli are perceived in the most basic manner possible.Page: 111
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 11.1: Explain the gestalt laws of organization.
Module: 11: Perceptual Organization
Topic: Gestalt Principles
71. Which of the following statements is true of the role of gestalt psychology in contemporary psychology?
A. The gestalt influence has diminished over the years and is barely evident today.
B. Gestaltists remain a major force in the psychology of perception.
C. Gestalt psychology no longer plays a prominent role, but gestaltists' focus on the organization of perceptual elements remains influential.
D. Gestalt psychology is no longer a major school of thought, but gestaltists' focus on bottom-up processing elements remains influential.Page: 112
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 11.1: Explain the gestalt laws of organization.
Module: 11: Perceptual Organization
Topic: Gestalt Principles
72. Perception that is guided by higher-level knowledge, experience, expectations, and motivations is known as ________.
A. horizontal processing
B. bottom-up processing
C. top-down processing
D. diagonal processingPage: 112
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 11.2: Identify top-down and bottom-up processing.
Module: 11: Perceptual Organization
Topic: Bottom-Up and Top-Down Processing
73. Perception that consists of the progression of recognizing and processing information from individual components of a stimuli and moving to the perception of the whole is known as ________.
A. horizontal processing
B. bottom-up processing
C. top-down processing
D. diagonal processingPage: 113
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 11.2: Identify top-down and bottom-up processing.
Module: 11: Perceptual Organization
Topic: Bottom-Up and Top-Down Processing
74. The ability to view the world in three dimensions and to perceive distance is known as ________.
A. multistable perception
B. depth perception
C. haptic perception
D. direct perceptionPage: 114
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 11.4: Explain depth perception.
Module: 11: Perceptual Organization
Topic: Depth Perception
75. The difference in the images seen by the left eye and the right eye is known as ________.
A. fixation disparity
B. stereopsis
C. retinal slip
D. binocular disparityPage: 114
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 11.4: Explain depth perception.
Module: 11: Perceptual Organization
Topic: Depth Perception
76. ________ is the change in position of an object on the retina caused by movement of a person's body relative to the object.
A. Shadow stereopsis
B. Convergence
C. Motion parallax
D. Retinal disparityPage: 115
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 11.4: Explain depth perception.
Module: 11: Perceptual Organization
Topic: Depth Perception
77. Mark and Jacob are driving home during a college break. Mark is in the passenger seat. Mark is bored and gazes toward an empty field. He notices that distant hilltops seem to be moving slowly in the same direction in which their car is moving, whereas mile markers on the side of the highway seem to moving swiftly past them in the opposite direction. The difference in the apparent speed and direction of the objects' motion serves as a depth cue known as:
A. motion disparity.
B. motion parallax.
C. motion perspective.
D. motion gradient.Page: 115
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology.
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 11.4: Explain depth perception.
Module: 11: Perceptual Organization
Topic: Depth Perception
78. Angela is sitting in a stationary train at a busy station. Suddenly, she feels as if she is slowly sliding backward as the train next to her begins to pull out. This illusion reflects the concept of ________.
A. apparent movement
B. motion parallax
C. linear perspective
D. binocular disparityPage: 116
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology.
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 11.5: Relate motion perception to daily life.
Module: 11: Perceptual Organization
Topic: Depth Perception
79. ________ is a phenomenon in which physical objects are perceived as unvarying and consistent despite changes in their appearance or in the physical environment.
A. Perceptual constancy
B. Objective constancy
C. Virtual constancy
D. Direct constancyPage: 113–114
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 11.3: Define perceptual constancy.
Module: 11: Perceptual Organization
Topic: Vision
80. ________ are physical stimuli that consistently produce errors in perception.
A. Tactile illusions
B. Auditory illusions
C. Gestalt illusions
D. Visual illusionsPage: 116
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 11.6: Determine the importance of perceptual illusions.
Module: 11: Perceptual Organization
Topic: Visual Illusions
81. A(n) stimulus is any passing source of physical energy that produces a response in a sense organ.
Page: 86
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 8.1: Define absolute thresholds.
Module: 8: Sensing the World Around Us
Topic: Sensation
82. The difference threshold is also known as a(n) just noticeable difference.
Page: 88
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 8.2: Explain the difference threshold and Weber's law.
Module: 8: Sensing the World Around Us
Topic: Difference Threshold
83. The lens of the eye focuses light by changing its own thickness. This process is known as accommodation.
Page: 93
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.1: Explain the basic structure of the eye.
Module: 9: Vision
Topic: Light
84. Cones are concentrated on the part of the retina called the fovea.
Page: 93
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.1: Explain the basic structure of the eye.
Module: 9: Vision
Topic: Vision
85. The optic nerves from each eye meet at a point roughly between the two eyes called the optic chiasm.
Page: 94
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.1: Explain the basic structure of the eye.
Module: 9: Vision
Topic: Vision
86. The activation of neurons in the visual cortex by visual stimuli of a particular shape or pattern is known as feature detection.
Page: 95
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.1: Explain the basic structure of the eye.
Module: 9: Vision
Topic: Visual Processing
87. The basilar membrane divides the cochlea into lower and upper chambers.
Page: 101
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.1: Describe how we sense sound.
Module: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: The Ear
88. When hair cells are bent by the vibrations entering the cochlea, the cells send a neural message to the brain.
Page: 101
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.1: Describe how we sense sound.
Module: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: The Ear
89. When a cell is damaged, it releases a chemical called substance P.
Page: 106
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.3: Distinguish the skin senses.
Module: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: Pain
90. Gestalt laws of organization are a series of principles that describe how we organize bits and pieces of information into meaningful wholes.
Page: 111
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 11.1: Explain the gestalt laws of organization.
Module: 11: Perceptual Organization
Topic: Gestalt Principles
91. In top-down processing, one’s expectations play a key role in one's perception.
Page: 112
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 11.2: Identify top-down and bottom-up processing.
Module: 11: Perceptual Organization
Topic: Bottom-Up and Top-Down Processing
92. Motion parallax is the change in position of an object on the retina caused by movement of one's body relative to the object.
Page: 115
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 11.4: Explain depth perception.
Module: 11: Perceptual Organization
Topic: Depth Perception
93. Perceptual constancy is the phenomenon in which physical objects are perceived as unvarying and consistent despite changes in their appearance or in the physical environment.
Page: 113
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 11.3: Define perceptual constancy.
Module: 11: Perceptual Organization
Topic: Perceptual Constancy
94. Apparent movement is the perception that a stationary object is moving.
Page: 116
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 11.5: Relate motion perception to daily life.
Module: 11: Perceptual Organization
Topic: Motion Perception
95. Olfaction is to smell, what gustation is to taste.
Page: 102–103
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.2: Discuss smell and taste.
Module: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: SmellTopic: Taste
96. Define and provide authentic examples of (a) an absolute threshold, (b) a difference threshold, and (c) adaptation. Students' examples may vary.
Absolute threshold—The minimum intensity stimulus that must be present for it to be detected. Example: the lightest touch of a feather that we can feel or the faintest sound that we can hear.
Difference threshold—The minimum change in stimulus intensity necessary for a difference in intensity to be detected. Example: When a cup of coffee tastes bitter, we may add just enough sugar to make it taste just noticeably sweeter. Example: We may adjust an air conditioner or a room heater just barely enough to make the room feel just noticeably cooler or warmer.
Adaptation—A decrease in the response of a sensory system following prolonged exposure to an unchanging stimulus. Example: A pair of shoes may feel tight or pinch when we first put them on, but we no longer notice the pinching after a while. Example: Bath water may feel hot at first, but we become accustomed to the temperature after a few minutes.
Ideally, the examples provided should be drawn from everyday life, rather than from the laboratory.
Page: 87–89
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
APA Outcome: 2.3: Engage in innovative and integrative thinking and problem solving.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 8.1: Define absolute thresholds.
Learning Objective: 8.2: Explain the difference threshold and Weber's law.
Learning Objective: 8.3: Discuss sensory adaptation.
Module: 8: Sensing the World Around Us
Topic: Absolute ThresholdTopic: Difference ThresholdTopic: Sensory Adaptation
97. Describe three pain-management techniques used to manage chronic pain. State appropriate applications for each technique.
Three of the following pain-management techniques should be described:
Medication—painkilling drugs are the most popular pain relief technique. Some medications treat the source of the pain, such as the swelling in painful joints; others treat the symptoms. Recent innovations include pumping pain medication directly into the spinal cord.
Nerve/brain stimulation—a low-voltage electric current is passed through the pain-afflicted body part; in other cases, electrodes may be planted into the brain, or a handheld battery pack can stimulate nerve cells to provide direct relief.
Light therapy—involves exposure to red/infrared light; seems to facilitate the production of enzymes that promote healing.
Hypnosis—has proven effective at relieving pain for those who can be hypnotized.
Biofeedback/relaxation techniques—people can be trained to relax muscles voluntarily; helps if the pain involves muscles, as in the case of headaches or back pain.
Surgery—nerve fibers carrying pain messages to the brain can be cut surgically; an extreme, last-resort measure, used most frequently with dying patients.
Cognitive restructuring—used to promote more positive self-talk; helps people increase their sense of control over their pain, actually reducing the amount of pain they experience.
Page: 107–108
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.3: Distinguish the skin senses.
Module: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: Pain
98. Briefly describe the gestalt principles of similarity, proximity, and closure. Provide simple diagrams illustrating each of these principles. Explain how each principle relates to the fundamental gestalt principle of simplicity.
The answer should include the following components:
Similarity—Perceptual elements that look alike are seen as grouped together. The drawing might show several alternating columns of X's and O's. These are seen as columns of X's and O's, rather than as a series of rows containing both X's and O's. Such a drawing is certainly easier to describe as alternating, homogenous columns, rather than rows of mixed composition; in some sense, then, the typical percept is the simpler one.
Proximity—Elements that are close together are grouped together. A drawing might show pairs of dots, such as (. . . . . .). Such a figure would be seen as three pairs of dots, rather than as six unevenly spaced dots. The usual percept is the simpler one.
Closure—Elements are grouped to form complete or enclosed patterns rather than open or broken ones. The drawing might be that of a triangle, with sizeable gaps in each side. One still sees a complete triangle, rather than three separate vertices. Describing such a figure as a triangle is easier than describing it as three separated vertices; the usual perception is again the simpler one.
Page: 111–112
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 11.1: Explain the gestalt laws of organization.
Module: 11: Perceptual Organization
Topic: Figure-Ground RelationshipTopic: Gestalt Principles
99. An individual has been asked to draw or paint a landscape. Using specific examples, explain how he might use three of the monocular cues to depth perception described in the text to create an impression of three dimensions on the two-dimensional paper or canvas.
Relative size—if two objects are the same size, the one that produces a smaller image on the retina is more distant than the one that generates a larger retinal image. For example, an impression of depth may be created in an interior scene if a pair of two similar pieces of furniture is shown as one larger than the other; the larger one would be perceived as in the foreground. In a landscape, one of two similar trees, barns, buildings, etc., might analogously be shown as larger than the other, creating an impression of foreground and distance.
Texture gradient—the details of more distant objects are usually less distinct than are the details of nearer objects. In an interior scene, the textures and patterns of fabrics and the details of décor may be shown more clearly to suggest the foreground, and in a blurred or less distinct fashion to indicate that the objects are in the background. Similarly, in a landscape, the colors, textures, and patterns of vegetation may be depicted clearly in the foreground, but less distinctly in the background.
Linear perspective—parallel lines seem to converge in the distance. This cue applies well to the rectilinear elements of the environment, such as floor tiles, moldings, or wainscoting in an interior scene, or fencing, pathways, driveways, roads, or railway tracks in a landscape. Parallel lines, such as the ceiling moldings and baseboards along a wall or top and bottom fence rails, should converge to suggest distance.
Page: 115-116
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 11.4: Explain depth perception.
Module: 11: Perceptual Organization
Topic: Depth Perception
100. Explain the phenomenon of perceptual constancy with a suitable example.
Perceptual constancy is a phenomenon in which physical objects are perceived as unvarying and consistent despite changes in their appearance or in the physical environment. Perceptual constancy leads us to view objects as having an unvarying size, shape, color, and brightness, even if the image on our retina varies. In some cases, though, our application of perceptual constancy can mislead us. One good example of this involves the rising moon. When the moon first appears at night, close to the horizon, it seems to be huge—much larger than when it is high in the sky later in the evening. One may think that the apparent change in the size of the moon is caused by the moon's being physically closer to the earth when it first appears. However, this is not the case at all. The actual image of the moon on the retina is the same, whether it is low or high in the sky. Perceptual constancy is not the only explanation for the moon illusion, and it remains a puzzle to psychologists. It is possible that several different perceptual processes are involved in the illusion.
Page: 113–114
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 11.3: Define perceptual constancy.
Module: 11: Perceptual Organization
Topic: Perceptual Constancy
Category # of Questions
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 80
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 11
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychologys content domains. 88
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology. 12
APA Outcome: 2.3: Engage in innovative and integrative thinking and problem solving. 2
Bloom's: Apply 15
Bloom's: Remember 58
Bloom's: Understand 27
Difficulty: Easy 58
Difficulty: Hard 15
Difficulty: Medium 27
Learning Objective: 10.1: Describe how we sense sound. 11
Learning Objective: 10.2: Discuss smell and taste. 7
Learning Objective: 10.3: Distinguish the skin senses. 9
Learning Objective: 11.1: Explain the gestalt laws of organization. 8
Learning Objective: 11.2: Identify top-down and bottom-up processing. 3
Learning Objective: 11.3: Define perceptual constancy. 3
Learning Objective: 11.4: Explain depth perception. 6
Learning Objective: 11.5: Relate motion perception to daily life. 2
Learning Objective: 11.6: Determine the importance of perceptual illusions. 1
Learning Objective: 8.1: Define absolute thresholds. 11
Learning Objective: 8.2: Explain the difference threshold and Weber's law. 9
Learning Objective: 8.3: Discuss sensory adaptation. 4
Learning Objective: 9.1: Explain the basic structure of the eye. 21
Learning Objective: 9.2: Compare and contrast color vision with color blindness. 7
Module: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses 27
Module: 11: Perceptual Organization 23
Module: 8: Sensing the World Around Us 22
Module: 9: Vision 28
Topic: Absolute Threshold 4
Topic: Balance 2
Topic: Bottom-Up and Top-Down Processing 3
Topic: Color Vision 7
Topic: Depth Perception 7
Topic: Difference Threshold 5
Topic: Figure-Ground Relationship 2
Topic: Gestalt Principles 8
Topic: Hearing 1
Topic: Light 1
Topic: Motion Perception 1
Topic: Pain 8
Topic: Perception 3
Topic: Perceptual Constancy 2
Topic: Sensation 5
Topic: Sensation and Perception 1
Topic: Sensory Adaptation 4
Topic: Smell 4
Topic: Taste 4
Topic: The Ear 8
Topic: The Eye 1
Topic: Touch 1
Topic: Trichromatic Color Theory 3
Topic: Vision 7
Topic: Visual Illusions 1
Topic: Visual Processing 13
Topic: Visual Spectrum 1
Topic: Webers Law 4
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Psychology and Your Life 3rd Edition | Test Bank with Answer Key
By Robert S. Feldman