Chapter 4 States of Consciousness Test Bank Docx - Psychology and Your Life 3rd Edition | Test Bank with Answer Key by Robert S. Feldman. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 04
Test Bank
1. ________ is the awareness of the sensations, thoughts, and feelings that we experience at a given moment.
A. Perception
B. Intelligence
C. Speculation
D. Consciousness
Page: 127Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 12.1: Summarize the stages of sleep.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: Consciousness2. How long is a typical sleep cycle, in which a sleeper progresses through some or all of the sleep stages?
A. 60 minutes
B. 90 minutes
C. 120 minutes
D. 300 minutes
Page: 129Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 12.1: Summarize the stages of sleep.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: Stages of Sleep
3. ________ is the state of transition between wakefulness and sleep, characterized by relatively rapid, low-amplitude brain waves.
A. Stage 1 sleep
B. Stage 2 sleep
C. Stage 3 sleep
D. Stage 4 sleep
Page: 129Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 12.1: Summarize the stages of sleep.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: Stages of Sleep
4. At times, images appear in ________ and make people feel as if they are viewing still photos.
A. stage 1 sleep
B. stage 2 sleep
C. stage 3 sleep
D. stage 4 sleep
Page: 129Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 12.1: Summarize the stages of sleep.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: Stages of Sleep
5. ________ is characterized by a slower, more regular wave pattern than the previous stage, along with momentary interruptions of "sleep spindles."
A. REM
B. Stage 2 sleep
C. Stage 3 sleep
D. Stage 4 sleep
Page: 129Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 12.1: Summarize the stages of sleep.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: Stages of Sleep
6. Momentary interruptions of spiky waves called sleep spindles are characteristic of ________.
A. REM
B. stage 1 sleep
C. stage 2 sleep
D. stage 4 sleep
Page: 129Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 12.1: Summarize the stages of sleep.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: Stages of Sleep
7. ________ is the deepest stage of sleep, during which we are least responsive to outside stimulation.
A. Stage 1 sleep
B. Stage 2 sleep
C. Stage 3 sleep
D. Stage 4 sleep
Page: 129Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 12.1: Summarize the stages of sleep.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: Stages of Sleep
8. In general terms, how do brain waves change as one progresses from stage 1 sleep to stage 4 sleep?
A. Their amplitude decreases.
B. Their frequency increases.
C. They become slower.
D. They become faster.
Page: 129Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 12.1: Summarize the stages of sleep.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: Stages of Sleep
9. Which of the following statements is true of REM sleep in the context of dreaming?
A. It is the only sleep stage in which dreams occur.
B. The major muscles of the body appear to be paralyzed during REM sleep.
C. It is in this stage that dreams are least vivid.
D. Dreams that occur in this stage can rarely be remembered.
Page: 131Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 12.2: Explain REM sleep.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: DreamsTopic: REM Sleep
10. Which of the following statements is true of dreams?
A. Dreams occur only in NREM sleep.
B. Dreams are equally likely to occur in REM and NREM sleep.
C. Dreams occur in both REM and NREM sleep, but dreams in NREM sleep are less vivid than dreams in REM sleep.
D. Dreams occur in both REM and NREM sleep, but dreams in NREM sleep are more vivid than dreams in REM sleep.
Page: 131Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 12.2: Explain REM sleep.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: DreamsTopic: REM Sleep
11. Which of the following statements regarding REM sleep is NOT true?
A. Heart rate increases and becomes irregular during REM sleep.
B. Breathing rate increases during REM sleep.
C. Vivid dreams occur during REM sleep.
D. The activity of skeletal muscles increases during REM sleep.
Page: 131Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 12.2: Explain REM sleep.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: REM Sleep
12. REM sleep is paradoxical because during this period of sleep:
A. the brain is active but the major skeletal muscles appear to be paralyzed.
B. the skeletal muscles remain active but the brain is inactive.
C. the brain is less active than it is during other sleep stages.
D. both the brain and the body are inactive.
Page: 131Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 12.2: Explain REM sleep.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: REM Sleep
13. Anya has been awake for two complete days. Tonight, she finally anticipates going to bed at her usual time. Which of the following alternatives best describes and identifies what Anya is likely to experience?
A. Anya will spend a greater proportion of her sleep time than usual in the REM stage. This phenomenon is called restoration.
B. Anya will spend a greater proportion of her sleep time than usual in the REM stage. This phenomenon is called rebound.
C. Anya will spend a greater proportion of her sleep time than usual in the NREM stages. This phenomenon is called restoration.
D. Anya will spend a greater proportion of her sleep time than usual in the NREM stages. This phenomenon is called rebound.
Page: 131Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
APA Outcome: 2.1: Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena.
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 12.2: Explain REM sleep.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: REM Sleep
14. The onset of REM sleep ________ the release of neurotransmitters called ________.
A. increases; endorphins
B. decreases; endorphins
C. initiates; monoamines
D. stops; monoamines
Page: 132Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain why we sleep and how much sleep is necessary.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: REM SleepTopic: Sleep Problems
15. Most people today sleep between ________ hours each night.
A. two and three
B. three and four
C. four and five
D. seven and eight
Page: 132Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain why we sleep and how much sleep is necessary.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: Sleep Problems
16. Which of the following is true of people who participate in sleep deprivation experiments?
A. Most of them suffer permanent consequences of temporary sleep deprivation.
B. They are more alert than people who do not take part in such experiments.
C. Their creativity levels remain unchanged.
D. They show a decline in their logical reasoning abilities after the experiments.
Page: 132Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain why we sleep and how much sleep is necessary.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: Sleep Problems
17. Sigmund Freud's theory that dreams represent unconscious desires that dreamers want to see fulfilled is known as the ________.
A. unconscious wish fulfillment theory
B. expectation fulfillment theory of dreaming
C. dreams-for-survival theory
D. activation-synthesis theory
Page: 133APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 12.4: Differentiate the explanations of dreaming.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: Dreams
18. According to Freud, the ________ is composed of the disguised meanings of dreams, hidden by more obvious subjects.
A. evident content of dreams
B. manifest content of dreams
C. latent content of dreams
D. apparent content of dreams
Page: 133Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 12.4: Differentiate the explanations of dreaming.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: Dreams
19. According to Freud, the ________ refers to the apparent storyline of dreams.
A. dormant content of dreams
B. manifest content of dreams
C. latent content of dreams
D. vestigial content of dreams
Page: 133Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 12.4: Differentiate the explanations of dreaming.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: Dreams
20. Which of the following psychologists is correctly matched with his theory of the function of dreams?
A. Freud—unconscious wish fulfillment theory
B. Hobson—dreams-for-survival theory
C. Hobson—expectation fulfillment theory of dreaming
D. Freud—activation-synthesis theory
Page: 133Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 12.4: Differentiate the explanations of dreaming.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: Dreams
21. Esther dreams that she is flying in an airplane. Esther's psychoanalyst suggests that this dream represents Esther's hidden desire for sexual intercourse. Which of the following statements is false?
A. Flying is a symbol.
B. Flying is the latent content.
C. Flying is the manifest content.
D. Flying is the true subject of the dream.
Page: 133Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology.
APA Outcome: 2.1: Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena.
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 12.4: Differentiate the explanations of dreaming.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: Dreams
22. The manifest content of a dream:
A. consists of symbols.
B. only appears in nightmares.
C. is the underlying meaning of the dream.
D. is hidden by more obvious subjects.
Page: 133–134Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 12.4: Differentiate the explanations of dreaming.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: Dreams
23. According to the ________, dreams permit information that is critical for our daily survival to be reconsidered and reprocessed during sleep.
A. unconscious wish fulfillment theory
B. expectation fulfillment theory of dreaming
C. dreams-for-survival theory
D. activation-synthesis theory
Page: 135Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 12.4: Differentiate the explanations of dreaming.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: Dreams
24. According to the ________, dreams represent concerns about our daily lives, illustrating our uncertainties, indecisions, ideas, and desires.
A. unconscious wish fulfillment theory
B. expectation fulfillment theory of dreaming
C. dreams-for-survival theory
D. activation-synthesis theory
Page: 135Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 12.4: Differentiate the explanations of dreaming.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: Dreams
25. Dr. Gremillion argues that dreams function to focus on and consolidate memories. They represent concerns about our daily lives, illustrating our uncertainties, indecisions, ideas, and desires. Dr. Gremillion subscribes to the ________ theory concerning the function of dreams.
A. wish fulfillment
B. dreams-for-survival
C. activation-synthesis
D. symbolic-meaning
Page: 135Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 12.4: Differentiate the explanations of dreaming.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: Dreams
26. The ________ focuses on the random electrical energy that the brain produces during REM sleep, possibly as a result of changes in the production of particular neurotransmitters.
A. unconscious wish fulfillment theory
B. expectation fulfillment theory of dreaming
C. dreams-for-survival theory
D. activation-synthesis theory
Page: 135Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 12.4: Differentiate the explanations of dreaming.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: Dreams
27. Which of the following alternatives best expresses the relationship between the activation information modulation (AIM) and activation-synthesis theories of dreaming?
A. The activation information modulation (AIM) theory is a competitor to the activation-synthesis theory.
B. The activation-synthesis theory is part of the activation information modulation (AIM) theory.
C. The activation-synthesis theory has been refined by the activation information modulation (AIM) theory.
D. The activation information modulation (AIM) theory was replaced by the activation-synthesis theory.
Page: 135Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 12.4: Differentiate the explanations of dreaming.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: Dreams
28. According to activation information modulation (AIM) theory, dreams are initiated in the brain's:
A. pons.
B. medulla
C. prefrontal cortex.
D. amygdala.
Page: 135Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 12.4: Differentiate the explanations of dreaming.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: Dreams
29. Which of the following sleep disturbances is correctly matched with its description?
A. Sleep apnea—difficulty breathing during sleep
B. Narcolepsy—sudden awakenings accompanied by extreme fear, panic, and strong physiological arousal
C. Night terrors—sudden sleep during waking consciousness
D. Insomnia—temporary paralysis of the body before or after sleep
Page: 137Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 12.5: State the impact of sleep disturbances.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: Sleep Problems
30. ________ is a condition in which a person has difficulty breathing while sleeping.
A. Bruxism
B. Narcolepsy
C. Night terror
D. Sleep apnea
Page: 137Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 12.5: State the impact of sleep disturbances.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: Sleep Problems
31. According to the text, ________ may play a role in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
A. sleep apnea
B. narcolepsy
C. bruxism
D. insomnia
Page: 137Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 12.5: State the impact of sleep disturbances.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: Sleep Problems
32. ________ is/are sudden awakenings from non-REM sleep that is accompanied by extreme fear, panic, and strong physiological arousal.
A. Bruxism
B. Narcolepsy
C. Night terrors
D. Sleep apnea
Page: 137Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 12.5: State the impact of sleep disturbances.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: Sleep Problems
33. Night terrors usually occur during ________ sleep.
A. stage 4
B. REM
C. stage 2
D. stage 1
Page: 137Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 12.5: State the impact of sleep disturbances.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: Sleep Problems
34. Four-year-old DeMarcus falls asleep shortly after 8:30 p.m. At about 9:45 p.m., he suddenly sits up in bed, breathing rapidly and appearing to be in a state of sheer panic. In this scenario, DeMarcus is experiencing:
A. bruxism.
B. a narcoleptic attack.
C. night terrors.
D. sleep apnea.
Page: 137Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology.
APA Outcome: 2.1: Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena.
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 12.5: State the impact of sleep disturbances.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: Sleep Problems
35. ________ refers to uncontrollable sleeping that occurs for short periods while a person is awake.
A. Bruxism
B. Narcolepsy
C. Night terror
D. Sleep apnea
Page: 137Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 12.5: State the impact of sleep disturbances.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: Sleep Problems
36. Sleepwalking and sleeptalking both occur during ________ sleep.
A. stage 4
B. stage 3
C. stage 2
D. stage 1
Page: 137Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 12.5: State the impact of sleep disturbances.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: Sleep Problems
37. Biological processes occurring regularly on a cycle of approximately 24 hours are termed:
A. biorhythms.
B. diurnal rhythms.
C. circadian rhythms.
D. primal rhythms.
Page: 137Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 12.6: Explain circadian rhythms.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: Circadian Rhythms
38. Which of the following solutions is likely to help a person overcome insomnia?
A. Trying to sleep even when one is not tired
B. Taking sleeping pills
C. Exercising during the day
D. Drinking caffeine after lunch
Page: 138Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 12.6: Explain circadian rhythms.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: Circadian RhythmsTopic: Sleep Problems
39. Ivy can’t sleep at night, so she makes herself a cup of warm milk, which she plans to consume before going to sleep. Is this likely to help Ivy get some sleep?
A. No. She should instead buy some sleeping pills from the drug store.
B. No. It is just a myth that milk induces sleep.
C. Yes. Milk contains tryptophan, which promotes sleep.
D. Yes, but it will disrupt her sleep cycle.
Page: 139Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 2.1: Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena.
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 12.6: Explain circadian rhythms.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: Circadian RhythmsTopic: Sleep Problems
40. Which of the following is NOT a recommended solution if one has trouble sleeping?
A. Drinking warm milk
B. Taking sleeping pills
C. Exercising during the day
D. Avoiding caffeine
Page: 139Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 12.6: Explain circadian rhythms.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: Circadian RhythmsTopic: Sleep Problems
41. ________ is a trancelike state of heightened susceptibility to the suggestions of others.
A. Animal magnetism
B. Spiritualism
C. Hypnosis
D. Paralysis
Page: 142Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 13.1: Define hypnosis.
Module: 13: Hypnosis and Meditation
Topic: Hypnosis
42. Which of the following notions regarding hypnosis is false?
A. People do not engage in self-destructive acts when hypnotized.
B. People are capable of lying when hypnotized.
C. People can’t be induced to perform antisocial behaviors when hypnotized.
D. People lose all will of their own.
Page: 142Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 13.1: Define hypnosis.
Module: 13: Hypnosis and Meditation
Topic: Hypnosis
43. Which of the following notions regarding hypnosis is true?
A. People may be induced to engage in self-destructive acts when hypnotized.
B. People can’t be hypnotized against their will.
C. People may be induced to perform antisocial behaviors when hypnotized.
D. People always tell the truth when they are hypnotized.
Page: 142Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 13.1: Define hypnosis.
Module: 13: Hypnosis and Meditation
Topic: Hypnosis
44. Approximately what percentage of the population can’t be hypnotized at all?
A. 5% to 20%
B. 70% to 90%
C. 30% to 40%
D. 50% to 80%
Page: 142Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 13.1: Define hypnosis.
Module: 13: Hypnosis and Meditation
Topic: Hypnosis
45. Approximately what percentage of the population can be very easily hypnotized?
A. 5%
B. 15%
C. 30%
D. 50%
Page: 142Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 13.1: Define hypnosis.
Module: 13: Hypnosis and Meditation
Topic: Hypnosis
46. Which of the following traits is likely to be related to an individual's susceptibility to hypnosis?
A. The tendency to defer to others' wishes
B. The tendency to seek out new experiences
C. The tendency to become absorbed in one's activities
D. The tendency to have low self-confidence
Page: 143Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 13.1: Define hypnosis.
Module: 13: Hypnosis and Meditation
Topic: Hypnosis
47. Which of the following statements reflects an actual difference between waking consciousness and hypnosis?
A. The brain's electrical activity differs between waking and hypnotic states of consciousness.
B. Many physiological differences distinguish the hypnotic state from waking consciousness.
C. Memory of childhood events is much more accurate under hypnosis than in the waking state
D. There is an increased ability to construct images under hypnosis than in the waking state.
Page: 143Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 13.1: Define hypnosis.
Module: 13: Hypnosis and Meditation
Topic: Hypnosis
48. When traditional practitioners of the ancient Eastern religion of Zen Buddhism want to achieve greater spiritual insight, they turn to a technique that has been used for centuries to alter their state of consciousness. This technique is called ________.
A. meditation
B. hypnosis
C. mysticism
D. mesmerism
Page: 144Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 13.2: Describe the effects of meditation.
Module: 13: Hypnosis and Meditation
Topic: Meditation
49. ________ is a learned technique for refocusing attention that brings about an altered state of consciousness.
A. Mysticism
B. Hypnosis
C. Mesmerism
D. Meditation
Page: 144Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 13.2: Describe the effects of meditation.
Module: 13: Hypnosis and Meditation
Topic: Meditation
50. How often and for how long should meditation be practiced in order for a person to realize its benefits?
A. Twice a week for 20 minutes at a time
B. Twice a day for 20 minutes at a time
C. Daily for several hours at a stretch
D. Once a month for two hours
Page: 145Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 13.2: Describe the effects of meditation.
Module: 13: Hypnosis and Meditation
Topic: Meditation
51. The attempt to alter consciousness appears:
A. in some cultures but not in others, and among those cultures in which it appears, the means to alter consciousness are much the same.
B. to be universal, but the particular means to do so vary from culture to culture.
C. to be universal, as are the means to do so.
D. in some cultures but not in others, and among those cultures in which it appears, the means to alter consciousness vary dramatically.
Page: 145Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
APA Outcome: 3.2: Build and enhance interpersonal relationships.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 13.2: Describe the effects of meditation.
Module: 13: Hypnosis and Meditation
Topic: Meditation
52. An altered state of consciousness makes people:
A. start thinking logically.
B. feel a sense of ineffability.
C. gain self-control.
D. become more distinct regarding their sense of time.
Page: 146Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 13.2: Describe the effects of meditation.
Module: 13: Hypnosis and Meditation
Topic: Meditation
53. Which of the following statements best encapsulates the text's argument with respect to potential cultural influences on the experience of consciousness?
A. Variations in consciousness show some basic similarities across cultures.
B. The fundamental experience of consciousness varies across cultures.
C. There are no cross-cultural differences in the experience of consciousness.
D. There are dramatic differences among cultures in the experience of consciousness.
Page: 146Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 13.2: Describe the effects of meditation.
Module: 13: Hypnosis and Meditation
Topic: Meditation
54. ________ drugs influence a person's emotions, perceptions, and behavior.
A. Psychoactive
B. Antiarrhythmic
C. Interferon
D. Antianginal
Page: 147Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 14.1: Explain the effects of stimulants.
Module: 14: Drug Use
Topic: Drug Use
55. If one has ever had a cup of coffee or sipped a beer, one has taken a(n) ________ drug.
A. psychoactive
B. antiarrhythmic
C. interferon
D. antianginal
Page: 147Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 14.1: Explain the effects of stimulants.
Module: 14: Drug Use
Topic: Drug Use
56. Which of the following is NOT a stimulant?
A. Caffeine
B. Nicotine
C. Alcohol
D. Methamphetamine
Page: 149–151Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 14.1: Explain the effects of stimulants.
Learning Objective: 14.2: Explain the effects of depressants.
Module: 14: Drug Use
Topic: Drug Use
57. Which of the following figures best represents the percentage of high school seniors who have tried an illegal drug during the past year?
A. 15%
B. 23%
C. 41%
D. 67%
Page: 147–148Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 14.1: Explain the effects of stimulants.
Module: 14: Drug Use
Topic: Drug Use
58. ________ drugs produce a biological or psychological dependence in users so that withdrawal from them leads to a craving for the drugs that, in some cases, may be nearly irresistible.
A. Antibiotic
B. Interferon
C. Addictive
D. Therapeutic
Page: 148Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 14.1: Explain the effects of stimulants.
Module: 14: Drug Use
Topic: AddictionTopic: Drug Use
59. Which of the following is true of drugs?
A. Psychoactive drugs are not common in most of our lives.
B. In psychological dependence, the body becomes so accustomed to functioning in the presence of a drug that it can’t function without it.
C. In physiological dependence, people believe that they need a particular drug to respond to the stresses of daily living.
D. Addictive drugs produce a physiological or psychological dependence (or both) in users.
Page: 148Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 14.1: Explain the effects of stimulants.
Module: 14: Drug Use
Topic: AddictionTopic: Drug Use
60. In ________ drug dependence, people believe that they need a particular drug to respond to the stresses of daily living.
A. behavioral
B. pathological
C. psychological
D. physiological
Page: 148Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 14.1: Explain the effects of stimulants.
Module: 14: Drug Use
Topic: AddictionTopic: Drug Use
61. According to a survey of 14,000 high school seniors across the United States, high school seniors have least indulged in:
A. marijuana.
B. alcohol.
C. cigarettes.
D. steroids.
Page: 147Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 14.1: Explain the effects of stimulants.
Module: 14: Drug Use
Topic: AddictionTopic: Drug Use
62. According to a survey of 14,000 high school seniors across the United States, high school seniors have most indulged in:
A. marijuana.
B. alcohol.
C. cigarettes.
D. steroids.
Page: 147Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 14.1: Explain the effects of stimulants.
Module: 14: Drug Use
Topic: AddictionTopic: AlcoholTopic: Drug Use
63. Stimulants are drugs that:
A. cause incapacitation and inability to resist sexual assault.
B. have an arousal effect on the central nervous system, causing a rise in heart rate, blood pressure, and muscular tension.
C. slow down the nervous system.
D. increase relaxation and relieve pain and anxiety.
Page: 149Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 14.1: Explain the effects of stimulants.
Module: 14: Drug Use
Topic: Stimulants
64. Which of the following drugs is correctly matched with its category?
A. Cocaine—depressant
B. Caffeine—stimulant
C. Marijuana—depressant
D. Heroin—hallucinogen
Page: 149Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 14.1: Explain the effects of stimulants.
Module: 14: Drug Use
Topic: Stimulants
65. Which of the following categories of psychoactive drugs is correctly matched with its effects on thought and behavior?
A. Hallucinogens—slow down the nervous system
B. Stimulants—increase the activity of the central nervous system
C. Narcotics—produce changes in sensory perception
D. Depressants—capable of producing hallucinations
Page: 149Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 14.1: Explain the effects of stimulants.
Module: 14: Drug Use
Topic: Stimulants
66. Which of the following statements best describes the effect of caffeine and other stimulants on the nervous system?
A. They decrease the activity of the central nervous system.
B. They have an arousal effect on the central nervous system.
C. They cause a drop in the heart rate.
D. They increase the reaction time.
Page: 149–150Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 14.1: Explain the effects of stimulants.
Module: 14: Drug Use
Topic: Stimulants
67. Which of the following drugs is NOT a stimulant?
A. Cocaine
B. Caffeine
C. orphine
D. Methamphetamine
Page: 154Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 14.1: Explain the effects of stimulants.
Learning Objective: 14.3: Explain the effects of narcotics.
Module: 14: Drug Use
Topic: NarcoticsTopic: Stimulants
68. Caffeine mimics the effects of a natural brain chemical called:
A. adenosine.
B. acetylcholine.
C. adrenaline.
D. dopamine.
Page: 150Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 14.1: Explain the effects of stimulants.
Module: 14: Drug Use
Topic: Stimulants
69. Nicotine activates neural mechanisms similar to those activated by ________.
A. alcohol
B. heroin
C. cocaine
D. marijuana
Page: 150Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 14.1: Explain the effects of stimulants.
Module: 14: Drug Use
Topic: Stimulants
70. According to the text, ________ is currently the most dangerous street drug in the United States.
A. crack cocaine
B. heroin
C. ecstasy
D. methamphetamine
Page: 151Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 14.1: Explain the effects of stimulants.
Module: 14: Drug Use
Topic: Amphetamines
71. Fawn consumed a large amount of a popular street drug at a party. It gave her a sense of energy and alertness, but she also became anxious and irritable. Which of the following drugs has she most likely consumed?
A. Heroin
B. Rohypnol
C. Marijuana
D. Methamphetamine
Page: 151Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
APA Outcome: 2.1: Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena.
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 14.1: Explain the effects of stimulants.
Module: 14: Drug Use
Topic: Amphetamines
72. Symptoms such as anxiety, vomiting, sneezing, diarrhea, lower back pain, watery eyes, runny nose, yawning, irritability, tremors, panic, chills and sweating, and cramps are related to the use of ________.
A. stimulants
B. depressants
C. narcotics
D. steroids
Page: 152Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 14.3: Explain the effects of narcotics.
Module: 14: Drug Use
Topic: Narcotics
73. Debbie often uses steroids and is addicted to them. She has recently begun noticing certain effects of steroids. According to this scenario, she is most likely to be experience:
A. mood swings and masculine traits in herself.
B. euphoria, relaxed inhibitions, nightmares, and disoriented behavior.
C. weakness, restlessness, nausea and vomiting, headaches, and nightmares.
D. apathy, difficulty in concentration, slowed speech, decreased physical activity, and drooling.
Page: 152Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
APA Outcome: 2.1: Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena.
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 14.2: Explain the effects of depressants.
Module: 14: Drug Use
Topic: Drug Use
74. Cocaine exerts its pleasurable effects on the brain by:
A. mimicking the effects of dopamine.
B. blocking the release of serotonin.
C. blocking the reabsorption of leftover dopamine.
D. facilitating the release of endorphins.
Page: 151Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 14.1: Explain the effects of stimulants.
Module: 14: Drug Use
Topic: Cocaine
75. Narcotics, such as heroin, are drugs that:
A. are capable of producing hallucinations or changes in the perceptual process.
B. have an arousal effect on the central nervous system, causing a rise in heart rate, blood pressure, and muscular tension.
C. slow down the nervous system.
D. increase relaxation and relieve pain and anxiety.
Page: 156Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 14.3: Explain the effects of narcotics.
Module: 14: Drug Use
Topic: Drug UseTopic: Narcotics
76. Emma is highly addicted to ________. Emma's friend has suggested that she use methadone, as that is mostly used to treat such addictions.
A. cocaine
B. alcohol
C. heroin
D. rohypnol
Page: 156Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 14.3: Explain the effects of narcotics.
Module: 14: Drug Use
Topic: Drug UseTopic: Narcotics
77. Hallucinogens are drugs that:
A. are capable of producing changes in the perceptual process.
B. have an arousal effect on the central nervous system, causing a rise in heart rate, blood pressure, and muscular tension.
C. slow down the nervous system.
D. reduce appetite.
Page: 160Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 14.4: Explain the effects of hallucinogens.
Module: 14: Drug Use
Topic: Hallucinogens
78. Jim has been consuming ecstasy continuously for the last few months. If he continues using ecstasy, he is most likely to experience:
A. decreased testosterone production.
B. flashbacks.
C. memory difficulties.
D. lung damage.
Page: 158Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
APA Outcome: 2.1: Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena.
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 14.4: Explain the effects of hallucinogens.
Module: 14: Drug Use
Topic: Hallucinogens
79. Yesterday, Callie stayed awake the entire night to finish a term paper. Tonight, she may sleep only slightly longer than she usually does, but she will spend a significantly greater percentage of the night in REM sleep. This is because of a phenomenon known as:
A. restoration.
B. flashbacks.
C. REM rebound effect.
D. NREM rebound effect.
Page: 131Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
APA Outcome: 2.1: Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena.
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 12.2: Explain REM sleep.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: REM Sleep
80. Nikki's doctor prescribes a depressant to help her relax and get some sleep at night. Her doctor most likely prescribed a(n):
A. amphetamine.
B. steroid.
C. barbiturate
D. hallucinogen.
Page: 154Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
APA Outcome: 2.1: Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena.
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 14.2: Explain the effects of depressants.
Module: 14: Drug Use
Topic: BarbituratesTopic: Depressants
81. Abby is completely alert and focused as she takes notes in a class. In this scenario, she experiences waking consciousness.Page: 127APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology.
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 12.1: Summarize the stages of sleep.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: Consciousness
82. Ben is participating in a sleep study. The EEG shows relatively rapid, low-amplitude brain waves. In this scenario, Ben is in stage 1sleep.Page: 129APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 12.1: Summarize the stages of sleep.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: Stages of Sleep
83. According to Freud, the apparent storyline of dreams is the manifest content of dreams.Page: 133APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 12.4: Differentiate the explanations of dreaming.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: Dreams
84. According to Hobson's activation-synthesis theory, dreams begin in random neural activity.Page: 135APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 12.4: Differentiate the explanations of dreaming.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: Dreams
85. Francine remains sleepy all day. She wakes briefly several times each night and has difficulty breathing while sleeping. She is most likely suffering from sleep apnea.Page: 137APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
APA Outcome: 2.1: Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena.
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 12.5: State the impact of sleep disturbances.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: Sleep Problems
86. Narcolepsy is uncontrollable sleeping that occurs for short periods.Page: 137APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 12.5: State the impact of sleep disturbances.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: Sleep Problems
87. Milk helps us sleep because it contains the chemical tryptophan.Page: 139APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 12.6: Explain circadian rhythms.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: Circadian Rhythms
88. A trancelike susceptibility to the suggestions of others is a characteristic of hypnosis.Page: 142APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 13.1: Define hypnosis.
Module: 13: Hypnosis and Meditation
Topic: Hypnosis
89. The inability to understand an experience rationally or describe it in words is known as ineffability.Page: 146APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 13.2: Describe the effects of meditation.
Module: 13: Hypnosis and Meditation
Topic: Meditation
90. Coffee and cigarettes are examples of stimulants.Page: 150APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 14.1: Explain the effects of stimulants.
Module: 14: Drug Use
Topic: Stimulants
91. Dexedrine and Benzedrine are examples of amphetamines.Page: 150APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 14.1: Explain the effects of stimulants.
Module: 14: Drug Use
Topic: Amphetamines
92. Lance consumes six shots of whiskey one after the other. This is known as binge drinking.Page: 153APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 14.2: Explain the effects of depressants.
Module: 14: Drug Use
Topic: AlcoholTopic: Depressants
93. Alcohol is a member of a broad class of drugs termed depressants.Page: 151APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 14.2: Explain the effects of depressants.
Module: 14: Drug Use
Topic: AlcoholTopic: Depressants
94. MDMA is more commonly known as ecstasy.Page: 158APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 14.4: Explain the effects of hallucinogens.
Module: 14: Drug Use
Topic: MDMA and LSD
95. Ecstasy and LSD influence the action of the neurotransmitter serotonin.Page: 158APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 14.4: Explain the effects of hallucinogens.
Module: 14: Drug Use
Topic: Hallucinogens
96. Compare and contrast NREM and REM sleep. Why is there a "paradox" in REM sleep? Discuss dreams in the context of REM and NREM sleep.
At times, people go back to a shallower state of sleep at night. In such instances, their heart rate increases and becomes irregular, their blood pressure rises, and their breathing rate increases. Most characteristic of this period is the back-and-forth movement of their eyes, as if they were watching an action-filled movie. This period of sleep is called rapid eye movement, or REM sleep, and it contrasts with stages 1 through 4, which are collectively labeled non-REM (or NREM) sleep. REM sleep occupies a little more than 20% of adults' total sleeping time. Paradoxically, while all this occurs, the major muscles of the body appear to be paralyzed. In addition, REM sleep is usually accompanied by dreams, which—whether or not people remember them—are experienced by everyone during some part of their night's sleep. Although some dreams occur in non-REM stages of sleep, dreams are most likely to occur in the REM period, where they are the most vivid and easily remembered. There is good reason to believe that REM sleep plays a critical role in everyday human functioning. People deprived of REM sleep—by being awakened every time they begin to display the physiological signs of that stage—exhibit signs of a rebound effect when allowed to rest undisturbed.Page: 113APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 12.2: Explain REM sleep.
Learning Objective: 12.4: Differentiate the explanations of dreaming.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: DreamsTopic: REM Sleep
97. Briefly discuss the reasons for needing sleep.
A particular explanation for the need for sleep, based on an evolutionary perspective, suggests that sleep permitted our ancestors to conserve energy at night, a time when food was relatively hard to come by. Consequently, they were better able to forage for food in the daytime.
Another explanation for why we sleep is that sleep restores and replenishes our brains and bodies. For instance, the reduced activity of the brain during non-REM sleep may give neurons in the brain a chance to repair themselves. Furthermore, the onset of REM sleep stops the release of neurotransmitters called monoamines and permits receptor cells to get some necessary rest and to increase their sensitivity during periods of wakefulness. Finally, sleep may be essential because it assists physical growth and brain development in children. For example, the release of growth hormones is associated with deep sleep.Page: 132APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain why we sleep and how much sleep is necessary.
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams
Topic: Sleep
98. Describe meditation, and explain how it is currently viewed by researchers. Suggest an evidence that supports the idea that mediation can replace drugs for relaxation.
Meditation is a learned technique for refocusing attention that brings about an altered state of consciousness. Meditation typically consists of the repetition of a mantra—a sound, word, or syllable. In some forms of meditation, the focus is on a picture, flame, or specific part of the body. Regardless of the nature of the particular initial stimulus, the key to the procedure is to concentrate on it so thoroughly that the meditator becomes unaware of any outside stimulation and reaches a different state of consciousness.
After meditation, people report feeling thoroughly relaxed. They often relate that they have gained new insights into themselves and the problems they are facing. The long-term practice of meditation may even improve health because of the biological changes it produces. For example, during meditation, oxygen usage decreases, heart rate and blood pressure decline, and brain-wave patterns change.Page: 144–146APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 13.2: Describe the effects of meditation.
Module: 13: Hypnosis and Meditation
Topic: Meditation
99. Briefly discuss the cross-cultural routes to altered states of consciousness.
Some scholars suggest that the quest to alter consciousness represents a basic human desire. Whether or not we accept such an extreme view, variations in states of consciousness clearly share some basic characteristics across a variety of cultures. One of them is an alteration in thinking, which may become shallow, illogical, or otherwise different from normal. In addition, people's sense of time can become disturbed, and their perceptions of the physical world and of themselves may change. They may lose self-control, doing things that they would never otherwise do. Finally, they may feel a sense of ineffability—the inability to understand an experience rationally or describe it in words.
Humans share basic biological commonalties in the ways their brains and bodies are wired. Thus, one might assume that the fundamental experience of consciousness is similar across cultures. As a result, one could suppose that consciousness shows some basic similarities across cultures. However, the ways in which certain aspects of consciousness are interpreted and viewed show substantial differences from culture to culture. For example, people in disparate cultures view the experience of the passage of time in varying ways. For instance, Arabs appear to perceive the passage of time more slowly than do North Americans.Page: 145–146APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology.
APA Outcome: 2.5: Incorporate sociocultural factors in scientific inquiry
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 13.2: Describe the effects of meditation.
Module: 13: Hypnosis and Meditation
Topic: Meditation
100. Write a note on psychoactive drugs and addictive drugs.
Psychoactive drugs influence a person's emotions, perceptions, and behavior. Yet this category of drugs is common in most of our lives.
If one has ever had a cup of coffee or sipped a beer, one has taken a psychoactive drug. A large number of individuals have used more potent and more dangerous psychoactive drugs than coffee and beer.
Addictive drugs produce a physiological or psychological dependence (or both) in a user, and withdrawal from them leads to a craving for the drug that, in some cases, may be nearly irresistible. In physiological dependence, the body becomes so accustomed to functioning in the presence of a drug that it can’t function without it. In psychological dependence, people believe that they need a particular drug to respond to the stresses of daily living. Although we generally associate addiction with drugs such as heroin, everyday sorts of drugs, such as caffeine (found in coffee) and nicotine (found in cigarettes), have addictive aspects as well.Page: 147–149APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 14.1: Explain the effects of stimulants.
Module: 14: Drug Use
Topic: Drug Use
Category # of Questions
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 80
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 47
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 48
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology. 4
APA Outcome: 2.1: Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena. 10
APA Outcome: 2.5: Incorporate sociocultural factors in scientific inquiry 1
APA Outcome: 3.2: Build and enhance interpersonal relationships. 1
Bloom's: Apply 15
Bloom's: Remember 60
Bloom's: Understand 25
Difficulty: Easy 60
Difficulty: Hard 15
Difficulty: Medium 25
Learning Objective: 12.1: Summarize the stages of sleep. 10
Learning Objective: 12.2: Explain REM sleep. 7
Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain why we sleep and how much sleep is necessary. 4
Learning Objective: 12.4: Differentiate the explanations of dreaming. 15
Learning Objective: 12.5: State the impact of sleep disturbances. 10
Learning Objective: 12.6: Explain circadian rhythms. 5
Learning Objective: 13.1: Define hypnosis. 8
Learning Objective: 13.2: Describe the effects of meditation. 9
Learning Objective: 14.1: Explain the effects of stimulants. 22
Learning Objective: 14.2: Explain the effects of depressants. 5
Learning Objective: 14.3: Explain the effects of narcotics. 4
Learning Objective: 14.4: Explain the effects of hallucinogens. 4
Module: 12: Sleep and Dreams 50
Module: 13: Hypnosis and Meditation 17
Module: 14: Drug Use 33
Topic: Addiction 5
Topic: Alcohol 3
Topic: Amphetamines 3
Topic: Barbiturates 1
Topic: Circadian Rhythms 5
Topic: Cocaine 1
Topic: Consciousness 2
Topic: Depressants 3
Topic: Dreams 17
Topic: Drug Use 13
Topic: Hallucinogens 3
Topic: Hypnosis 8
Topic: MDMA and LSD 1
Topic: Meditation 9
Topic: Narcotics 4
Topic: REM Sleep 8
Topic: Sleep 1
Topic: Sleep Problems 16
Topic: Stages of Sleep 8
Topic: Stimulants 8
Document Information
Connected Book
Psychology and Your Life 3rd Edition | Test Bank with Answer Key
By Robert S. Feldman