Chapter 15: Public Affairs, Government Relations, and Political Communications

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. What communication focus does a public affairs professional have in common with a Public Information Officer?

a. organization-to-government

b. citizen-to-government

c. candidate-to-public

d. government-to-citizen

Learning Objective: 15.1: Understand the similarities and differences between public affairs and public relations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Public Affairs, Government Relations, and Political Communications

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. What branch of communications helps organizations interact with government agencies and elected officials?

a. public relations

b. government relations

c. public affairs

d. political communications

Learning Objective: 15.1: Understand the similarities and differences between public affairs and public relations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Public Affairs, Government Relations, and Political Communications

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. How does government relations differ from public affairs in terms of who initiates contact?

a. Initiator is an organization.

b. Initiator is a government entity.

c. Initiator is a nonprofit.

d. Initiator is a citizen.

Learning Objective: 15.1: Understand the similarities and differences between public affairs and public relations.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Public Affairs, Government Relations, and Political Communications

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. What is the focus of political communication?

a. political office to government

b. elected official/candidate to public/voter

c. government to citizen

d. organization to government

Learning Objective: 15.1: Understand the similarities and differences between public affairs and public relations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Public Affairs, Government Relations, and Political Communications

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Public affairs consultant David Payne believes that ______ is a euphemism for direct lobbying of policymakers to influence regulations or laws.

a. public affairs

b. political communication

c. government relations

d. free speech

Learning Objective: 15.1: Understand the similarities and differences between public affairs and public relations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Public Affairs, Government Relations, and Political Communications

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Which of the following is an example of government communications providing information that can be considered essential to the well-being of the public?

a. How to donate to a charitable organization?

b. Where to find the best deal on a used car?

c. Why it’s better to use the U.S. Postal Service instead of Federal Express?

d. How to register to vote?

Learning Objective: 15.1: Understand the similarities and differences between public affairs and public relations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Public Affairs, Government Relations, and Political Communications

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Compared to private sector PR, which of the following is unique to government sector public affairs?

a. work on one project at a time

b. have unrestricted funding

c. must answer multiple clients simultaneously

d. have advanced technical capabilities

Learning Objective: 15.1: Understand the similarities and differences between public affairs and public relations.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Public Affairs, Government Relations, and Political Communications

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. What communicators are duty-bound to inform their chain of command, fellow service members, and the public about their activities?

a. private public relations specialists

b. military public affairs officers

c. government public information officers

d. all public communicators

Learning Objective: 15.1: Understand the similarities and differences between public affairs and public relations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Public Affairs, Government Relations, and Political Communications

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Why is it important for Public Affairs Officers to foster positive relationships between military bases and local communities?

a. Poor relationships can lead to base closures.

b. Local communities depend on base personnel for protection.

c. Local economies depend on base purchases.

d. Bases depend on local communities for a portion of their budgets.

Learning Objective: 15.1: Understand the similarities and differences between public affairs and public relations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Public Affairs, Government Relations, and Political Communications

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. What is the term for government relations when it includes indirect communications activity to raise awareness and bring public pressure on government officials through media coverage, petitions, and online campaigns?

a. marketing

b. public relations

c. public affairs

d. lobbying

Learning Objective: 15.2: Understand the role of government relations and lobbying.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Government Relations and Lobbying

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. According to the BBC, the British first began using the term “lobbying” in what time period?

a. early 1700s

b. early 1800s

c. early 1900s

d. late 1900s

Learning Objective: 15.2: Understand the role of government relations and lobbying.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Government Relations and Lobbying

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. What did insurance provider Humana implement in Mississippi to position itself ahead of its competitors while the federal government was preparing to launch the Affordable Care Act (ACA)?

a. Humana Early Bird campaign, offering a 10% discount for citizens who enrolled in the first month

b. Get to Know Humana campaign, featuring testimonials from local citizens on social media

c. Humana Is the One for YOU Campaign, promoting the company’s insurance plans as better than the competition

d. Campaign for a Healthy Mississippi, promoting awareness of the ACA and helping people enroll

Learning Objective: 15.2: Understand the role of government relations and lobbying.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Government Relations and Lobbying

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Which of the following is a dynamic, interactive process for the transmission of information among politicians, the news media, and the public?

a. strategic communications

b. political communications

c. public affairs

d. government relations

Learning Objective: 15.3: Develop an understanding of political communications.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Political Communication: Applying PR Strategy to Campaigns and Elections

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. More voters and prospects are seeking political and government news online versus in the traditional media due to what current trend?

a. Politicians are increasing their use of the Internet as a tool.

b. Citizens want the most up-to-date news.

c. Citizens are canceling their print news subscriptions.

d. Citizens no longer trust traditional media news sources.

Learning Objective: 15.3: Develop an understanding of political communications.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Political Communication: Applying PR Strategy to Campaigns and Elections

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. Who has recommended a return to positive messages and brand associations in political communications?

a. Dana Perino

b. Lara M. Brown

c. Michael Cornfield

d. Dennis W. Johnson

Learning Objective: 15.3: Develop an understanding of political communications.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Political Communication: Applying PR Strategy to Campaigns and Elections

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. How did the frequency of Facebook status updates by candidates Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton throughout the 2016 campaign cycle compare to 2012 candidates Barack Obama and Mitt Romney?

a. nearly equal

b. one third as often

c. half as often

d. more than twice as often

Learning Objective: 15.3: Develop an understanding of political communications.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Political Communication: Applying PR Strategy to Campaigns and Elections

Difficulty Level: Hard

17. What dominates the world of political communications today according to political communications expert Dennis W. Johnson?

a. Facebook

b. false news

c. Twitter

d. negative messages

Learning Objective: 15.3: Develop an understanding of political communications.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Political Communication: Applying PR Strategy to Campaigns and Elections

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. At least ______ of U.S. adults shared election information on social media during a one-week political snapshot taken in January 2016 by the Pew Research Center.

a. 25%

b. 36%

c. 44%

d. 50%

Learning Objective: 15.3 Develop an understanding of political communications.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Political Communication: Applying PR Strategy to Campaigns and Elections

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. According to former White House Press Secretary Mike McCurry, who tends to believe the press is going to be on their side?

a. Democrats

b. Republicans

c. independents

d. sitting U.S. presidents

Learning Objective: 15.3: Develop an understanding of political communications.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Political Communication: Applying PR Strategy to Campaigns and Elections

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. Before Ebola patient Nina Pham had even arrived at NIH Clinical Center for treatment, what was flooding the NIH public affairs team?

a. public hysteria

b. media inquiries

c. government oversight

d. internet rumors

Learning Objective: 15.2: Understand the role of government relations and lobbying.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Scenario Outcome

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. Why do American Hospital Association guidelines require hospitals to use one-word descriptions like “good,” “fair,” or “serious” when describing a patient’s condition to the media?

a. to use less space in news releases

b. to increase the accuracy of news releases

c. to lessen the chances of inaccurate media accounts

d. to protect the patient’s privacy

Learning Objective: 15.2: Understand the role of government relations and lobbying.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Scenario Outcome

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. When announcing that Ms. Pham was Ebola-free at a final news conference, what did NIH leaders do to help remove the stigma of this highly contagious disease?

a. They played a new 60-second public service announcement on how to protect yourself from Ebola.

b. They hugged her.

c. They asked that all media representatives in attendance shake hands with Ms. Pham.

d. They allowed Ms. Pham to answer questions from the media.

Learning Objective: 15.2: Understand the role of government relations and lobbying.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Scenario Outcome

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. As this chapter compared and contrasted public affairs, government relations and lobbying, and political communications, it drew the conclusion that they are all ______.

a. more challenging than public relations

b. identical to public relations

c. unique areas of strategic communications

d. the same type of strategic communications

Learning Objective: 15.2: Understand the role of government relations and lobbying.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Wrap Up

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. Government-to-citizen communications in public affairs is usually practiced in what setting?

a. government or nonprofit

b. corporate

c. military

d. private

Learning Objective: 15.2: Understand the role of government relations and lobbying.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Wrap Up

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. What is the term for organization-to-government communications involving direct contact with politicians and government rule makers to provide a point of view?

a. government relations

b. influence peddling

c. lobbying

d. political communications

Learning Objective: 15.2: Understand the role of government relations and lobbying.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Key Terms

Difficulty Level: Easy

26. Political communications is a dynamic, interactive campaign-based process among politicians, the news media, and the public, which flows in what direction?

a. organization-to-government

b. government-to-citizen

c. candidate-to-voter

d. voter-to-candidate

Learning Objective: 15.3: Develop an understanding of political communications.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Key Terms

Difficulty Level: Easy

27. How does the position of Public Affairs Officer differ from that of Public Information Officer?

a. corporate-based

b. nonprofit-based

c. government-based

d. military-based

Learning Objective: 15.1: Understand the similarities and differences between public affairs and public relations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Key Terms

Difficulty Level: Easy

28. What did the California Center for Public Health Advocacy use as the vehicle for motivating the media, policymakers, and the public through a strategic public affairs program linking sugary drinks to public health issues?

a. patient testimonials

b. primary and secondary research

c. data on the increase in soft drink sales

d. data on the increase in diabetes among all ages

Learning Objective: 15.1: Understand the similarities and differences between public affairs and public relations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Corporate Social Responsibility Case Study: CCPHA

Difficulty Level: Medium

29. Which of the following is an accurate measure of the success of the CCPHA campaign to address the consumption of sugary drinks?

a. 75% of media coverage echoed the campaign’s key messages and research.

b. 50% of California state legislators quit drinking sugary drinks.

c. One California city became the first in the nation to adopt a soda tax.

d. 100% of California high schools removed soft drink vending machines from their campuses.

Learning Objective: 15.1: Understand the similarities and differences between public affairs and public relations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Corporate Social Responsibility Case Study: CCPHA

Difficulty Level: Hard

30. Why did Walgreens select Chicago and Los Angeles as pilot cities for their First Ladies Health Initiative supporting HIV/AIDS screenings?

a. They are two of the largest cities in the U.S.

b. Walgreens wanted to increase their business in these cities.

c. The corporate headquarters of Walgreens is in Chicago.

d. They both have a high rate of HIV/AIDS among their African American populations.

Learning Objective: 15.1: Understand the similarities and differences between public affairs and public relations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Corporate Social Responsibility Case Study: Walgreens

Difficulty Level: Medium

31. Not only did the Walgreens First Ladies Health Initiative in Chicago and Los Angeles showcase this corporation’s commitment to health care; it was also a tremendous benefit to the African Americans in these cities who received ______ health screenings.

a. 40,000

b. 72,500

c. 96,500

d. 100,000+

Learning Objective: 15.1: Understand the similarities and differences between public affairs and public relations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Corporate Social Responsibility Case Study: Walgreens

Difficulty Level: Medium

32. In a follow-up survey to the U.S. Navy’s “Keep What You’ve Earned” campaign, 38% of respondents indicated they would take one of three recommended actions: decrease consumption, seek help, or ______.

a. join Alcoholics Anonymous

b. assist another sailor

c. drink alcohol only while on base

d. never drink and drive

Learning Objective: 15.1: Understand the similarities and differences between public affairs and public relations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Public Affairs, Government Relations, and Political Communications

Difficulty Level: Easy

33. When faced with lobbying efforts by organizations, what is one of the factors mentioned in the text that elected officials must consider?

a. consumer protection

b. feasibility

c. cost to the government

d. cost to taxpayers

Learning Objective: 15.2: Understand the role of government relations and lobbying.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Scenario Outcome

Difficulty Level: Medium

34. According to Lindsay Murphy of Racepoint Global, what factor distinguishes public affairs teams from their government relations colleagues?

a. Their offices are in the Capitol building.

b. They never step foot on Capitol Hill to lobby.

c. They are on the federal government payroll.

d. They do not have to “know their audience.”

Learning Objective: 15.2: Understand the role of government relations and lobbying.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Scenario Outcome

Difficulty Level: Medium

35. Humana implemented a CSR outreach program in Mississippi to educate citizens and help them enroll in the Affordable Care Act after a Gallup survey found that the state had an uninsured population of ______.

a. 50%

b. 35%

c. 20%

d. 10%

Learning Objective: 15. 2: Understand the role of government relations and lobbying.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Government Relations and Lobbying

Difficulty Level: Medium

36. As stated by Professor Michael Cornfield, what did the Trump campaign successfully combine with his use of Twitter and Facebook to outperform the Clinton team in the general election?

a. outdoor campaign rallies

b. door-to-door volunteers

c. a data operation developed by the Republican National Committee

d. a well-timed media blitz

Learning Objective: 15.3: Develop an understanding of political communications.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Political Communication: Applying PR Strategy to Campaigns and Elections

Difficulty Level: Medium

37. What does Dr. Lara M. Brown of George Washington University believe reached a new low during the 2016 electoral cycle?

a. appeals for donations

b. celebrity endorsements

c. rumors and innuendos

d. negative campaign messages

Learning Objective: 15.3: Develop an understanding of political communications.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Political Communication: Applying PR Strategy to Campaigns and Elections

Difficulty Level: Medium

38. Based on data tabulated during a one-week period in January of 2016, what percentage of U.S. adults used Twitter to obtain political information?

a. 9%

b. 16%

c. 36%

d. 44%

Learning Objective: 15.3: Develop an understanding of political communications.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Political Communication: Applying PR Strategy to Campaigns and Elections

Difficulty Level: Medium

39. The effort to curb government spending on communications is an ongoing battle between ______ and those seeking to limit their communications and promotional activity.

a. the military

b. the party in power

c. political organizations

d. nonprofit organizations

Learning Objective: 15.1: Understand the similarities and differences between public affairs and public relations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Public Affairs, Government Relations, and Political Communications

Difficulty Level: Medium

40. What did Congress add to legislation creating the Interstate Commerce Commission in 1913?

a. The Bill of Rights

b. The Blaine Amendment

c. The Gillett Amendment

d. The Bricker Amendment

Learning Objective: 15.1: Understand the similarities and differences between public affairs and public relations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Public Affairs, Government Relations, and Political Communications

Difficulty Level: Medium

41. Who broke the story on the USDA approval of lean finely text beef and coined the infamous name “pink slime”?

a. Dr. Oz

b. Diane Sawyer

c. Anderson Cooper

d. Jon Stewart

Learning Objective: 15.1: Understand the similarities and differences between public affairs and public relations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Public Affairs, Government Relations, and Political Communications

Difficulty Level: Easy

42. What derailed the USDA’s plan to convince consumers that lean finely text beef products were safe and could be safely served to kids in our schools?

a. grocery store boycotts

b. a protest at USDA headquarters

c. school cafeteria workers united against it

d. public hysteria

Learning Objective: 15.1: Understand the similarities and differences between public affairs and public relations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Public Affairs, Government Relations, and Political Communications

Difficulty Level: Easy

43. Military Public Affairs Officers are responsible for advising senior leaders on communication issues, assisting them in making well-informed decisions, and ______.

a. translating these decisions into effective communications operations

b. reporting these decisions to the commanding officer

c. informing the media of these decisions

d. revising these decisions as they see fit

Learning Objective: 15.1: Understand the similarities and differences between public affairs and public relations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Public Affairs, Government Relations, and Political Communications

Difficulty Level: Medium

44. What resulted from the efforts of PAO staff at Barksdale Air Force Base to develop positive relationships with nearby neighbors who complained that Air Force planes were disturbing the peace?

a. people realized they should not have bought homes next to the base

b. the homebuilder was run out of town

c. positive, ongoing dialog between the base and its neighbors

d. everyone was happy and complaints against the base stopped

Learning Objective: 15.1: Understand the similarities and differences between public affairs and public relations.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Public Affairs, Government Relations, and Political Communications

Difficulty Level: Medium

45. What was used as a key motivator in the U.S. Navy’s social media-based internal campaign to combat binge drinking among active duty sailors?

a. public shaming

b. docked pay and demotion

c. community service

d. transfer to an undesirable location

Learning Objective: 15.1: Understand the similarities and differences between public affairs and public relations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Public Affairs, Government Relations, and Political Communications

Difficulty Level: Medium

46. Which of the following is a form of organization-to-government communications?

a. public affairs

b. public information

c. government information

d. government relations

Learning Objective: 15.2: Understand the role of government relations and lobbying.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Government Relations and Lobbying

Difficulty Level: Easy

47. What is the term used to describe direct contact organizations have with elected officials for the purpose of impacting legislation and regulations?

a. pitching

b. lobbying

c. arm-twisting

d. politicking

Learning Objective: 15.2: Understand the role of government relations and lobbying.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Government Relations and Lobbying

Difficulty Level: Easy

48. Why did almost 40% of adult users of social media either block or minimize political content during the 2016 presidential campaign?

a. They were overwhelmed by the sheer quantity of posts.

b. They felt the posts were misleading.

c. To alleviate stress caused by the candidates’ negative attack strategy.

d. They had decided on a candidate.

Learning Objective: 15.3: Develop an understanding of political communications.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Political Communication: Applying PR Strategy to Campaigns and Elections

Difficulty Level: Medium

49. What former White House Press Secretary acknowledged that in this role you defend the press to the president as well as defending the president to the press?

a. Dana Perino

b. Mike McCurry

c. Dee Dee Myers

d. Josh Earnest

Learning Objective: 15.3: Develop an understanding of political communications.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Political Communication: Applying PR Strategy to Campaigns and Elections

Difficulty Level: Easy

50. When the political communication process flows horizontally, who are the actors?

a. organizations and elected officials

b. candidates, advisors, and party officials

c. candidates and voters

d. government and citizens

Learning Objective: 15.3: Develop an understanding of political communications.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Political Communication: Applying PR Strategy to Campaigns and Elections

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. A focus on public service is a common thread running through communications practiced in a government setting.

Learning Objective: 15.1: Understand the similarities and differences between public affairs and public relations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Public Affairs, Government Relations, and Political Communications

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. While working for the U.S. government, public affairs professionals and PIOs are encouraged to endorse and/or promote candidates and elected officials.

Learning Objective: 15.1: Understand the similarities and differences between public affairs and public relations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Public Affairs, Government Relations and Political Communications

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. After the Gillett Amendment was enacted, government officials replaced references to “public relations” and “publicity” with the term “public affairs” to avoid the new requirement for post-approval funding.

Learning Objective: 15.1: Understand the similarities and differences between public affairs and public relations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Public Affairs, Government Relations, and Political Communications

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. According to USDA Deputy Assistant Administrator Aaron Lavalee, the public affairs communicator has the opportunity to work every day to improve the lives of fellow citizens.

Learning Objective: 15.1: Understand the similarities and differences between public affairs and public relations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Public Affairs, Government Relations, and Political Communications

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. The USDA became embroiled in a crisis communications scenario over a new type of beef processing because consumers did not know or understand the facts.

Learning Objective: 15.1: Understand the similarities and differences between public affairs and public relations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Public Affairs, Government Relations, and Political Communications

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. The U.S. Navy’s “Keep What You’ve Earned” campaign focused on promoting responsible drinking among active duty sailors.

Learning Objective: 15.1: Understand the similarities and differences between public affairs and public relations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Public Affairs, Government Relations, and Political Communications

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Government relations and lobbying are forms of government-to-organization communications.

Learning Objective: 15.2: Understand the role of government relations and lobbying.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Government Relations and Lobbying

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Humana’s Campaign for a Healthy Mississippi is an award-winning example of a combined corporate public affairs and government relations effort.

Learning Objective: 15.2: Understand the role of government relations and lobbying.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Government Relations and Lobbying

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Barack Obama’s 2012 presidential campaign strategy included the use of social media to increase campaign donations, create supporters, and decrease voter turnout.

Learning Objective: 15.3: Develop an understanding of political communications.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Political Communication: Applying PR Strategy to Campaigns and Elections

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. According to a Pew Research Center study on political engagement in January 2016, 44% of U.S. adults reported having learned about the 2016 presidential election “in the past week” from both local and national print newspapers, far outpacing the numbers for social media.

Learning Objective: 15.3: Develop an understanding of political communications.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Political Communication: Applying PR Strategy to Campaigns and Elections

Difficulty Level: Medium

Short Answer

1. If a government communicator wants to get involved in a political campaign, what should they do and why?

Learning Objective: 15.1: Understand the similarities and differences between public affairs and public relations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Public Affairs, Government Relations, and Political Communications

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. What are three reasons the public was enraged with the USDA over the so-called “Pink Slime” debacle?

Learning Objective: 15.1: Understand the similarities and differences between public affairs and public relations.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Public Affairs, Government Relations, and Political Communications

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. In addition to significantly expanding Humana’s health coverage in Mississippi, how did its Campaign for a Healthy Mississippi benefit the company itself?

Learning Objective: 15.2: Understand the role of government relations and lobbying.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Government Relations and Lobbying

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. Identify the unintended impact of the “attack” strategy used by both 2016 presidential candidates and explain why it occurred.

Learning Objective: 15.3: Develop an understanding of political communications.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Political Communication: Applying PR Strategy to Campaigns and Elections

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. Why and how did the NIH depart from its norm of distributing news in written press releases during the treatment of Ebola patient Nina Pham at NIH Clinical Center?

Learning Objective: 15.2: Understand the role of government relations and lobbying.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Scenario Outcome

Difficulty Level: Hard

Essay

1. Why does the U.S. government use the term “public affairs” instead of “public relations”?

Learning Objective: 15.1: Understand the similarities and differences between public affairs and public relations.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Public Affairs, Government Relations, and Political Communications

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. Ongoing efforts to keep a lid on government communications spending at the federal level appear to be based on partisan politics. Explain why and provide an example.

Learning Objective: 15.1: Understand the similarities and differences between public affairs and public relations.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Public Affairs, Government Relations, and Political Communications

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. Why do organizations engage in government relations and lobbying?

Learning Objective: 15. 2: Understand the role of government relations and lobbying.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Government Relations and Lobbying

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. Given that the current trend in political communications is becoming increasingly negative, what change is recommended by Lara M. Brown, executive director of the Graduate School of Political Management at George Washington University?

Learning Objective: 15.3: Develop an understanding of political communications.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Political Communication: Applying PR Strategy to Campaigns and Elections

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. What tactics did the California Center for Public Health Advocacy use to execute a strategic public affairs program focused on the link between consumption of sugary drinks and the increase in health-related problems?

Learning Objective: 15.1: Understand the similarities and differences between public affairs and public relations.

Answer Location: Corporate Social Responsibility Case Study: CCPHA

Difficulty Level: Hard