Chapter 9: NEGOTIATING INTERCULTURAL CONFLICT AND SOCIAL JUSTICE: Strategies for Intercultural Relations

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Adolfo and Ben work together at a company. When there is a conflict in their office, Adolfo uses direct communication to solve problems and asserts his opinions. Ben uses indirect communication, focusing on maintaining relationships and solving the problem with other workers. Their difference can be described as

a. Adolfo has interdependent orientation and Ben has independent orientation to conflict.

b. Adolfo and Ben just cannot get along.

c. Adolfo has independent orientation and Ben has interdependent orientation to conflict.

d. Adolfo and Ben are not good communicators.

Learning Objective: 9-1: Describe how people from diverse groups engage in conflict differently and explore the conditions that lead to intercultural conflict.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Cultural Orientations
Difficulty Level: Medium

2. In the microframe analysis of intercultural conflict, you focus on

a. group-based prejudices.

b. cultural histories and identities.

c. facework.

d. media representations.

Learning Objective: 9-3: Describe how micro-, meso- and macro-level issues impact interpersonal, intergroup, and international intercultural conflicts.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Micro-Frame Analysis of Intercultural Conflict
Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Facework in intercultural interactions, according to Ting-Toomey, means which of the following?

a. The effort and actions used to maintain one person’s dominance over another

b. The effort and actions to negotiate your own and the other person’s sense of self

c. The effort and actions to keep oneself from looking badly in front of others

d. The effort and actions to make the other person look better than you

Learning Objective: 9-1: Describe how people from diverse groups engage in conflict differently and explore the conditions that lead to intercultural conflict.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Facework
Difficulty Level: Easy

4. When Keith had a conflict with a neighbor who moved from Somalia, he tried to analyze the situation by looking at how he tends to engage in low-context communication whereas his neighbor prefers high-context communication. He is using

a. mesoframe analysis of conflict.

b. microframe analysis of conflict.

c. macroframe analysis of conflict.

d. positionality.

Learning Objective: 9-1: Describe how people from diverse groups engage in conflict differently and explore the conditions that lead to intercultural conflict.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Micro-Frame Analysis of Intercultural Conflict
Difficulty Level: Medium

5. When Marlon witnessed a conflict between Korean American business owners and African American residents in the neighborhood, he paid attention to how the conflict is shaped by intergroup prejudice and ethnocentrism rooted in the history of the neighborhood. Marlon is using

a. mesoframe analysis of conflict.

b. microframe analysis of conflict.

c. macroframe analysis of conflict.

d. standpoint theory.

Learning Objective: 9-1: Describe how people from diverse groups engage in conflict differently and explore the conditions that lead to intercultural conflict.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Meso-Frame Analysis of Intercultural Conflict
Difficulty Level: Medium

6. When Heather witnessed a conflict between local residents and Sudanese refugees in town, she paid attention to the power imbalance between the two groups and the divisive rhetoric on immigration in the media. Heather is using

a. mesoframe analysis of conflict.

b. microframe analysis of conflict.

c. macro- and mesoframe analysis of conflict.

d. oppositional metaphors.

Learning Objective: 9-1: Describe how people from diverse groups engage in conflict differently and explore the conditions that lead to intercultural conflict.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Macro-Frame Analysis of Intercultural Conflict
Difficulty Level: Hard

7. Negative identity can be defined as

a. group identity that is based on being the opposite of the other, or not being the other.

b. group identity that is based on a negative self-image.

c. group identity that is based on the negative images in the media.

d. group identity that is based on the negative images in the past.

Learning Objective: 9-1: Describe how people from diverse groups engage in conflict differently and explore the conditions that lead to intercultural conflict.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Case Study 3: International and Global Context
Difficulty Level: Easy

8. ______ context communication is one where most of the information is already in the person, while very little is in the coded, explicit, transmitted part of the message.

a. High

b. Mid

c. Low

d. No

Learning Objective: 9-1: Describe how people from diverse groups engage in conflict differently and explore the conditions that lead to intercultural conflict.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Communication and Conflict Styles
Difficulty Level: Easy

9. ______ are groups of individuals for whom we feel concern, with whom we are willing to cooperate and from whom separation creates anxiety.

a. Out-groups

b. In-groups

c. Partners

d. Teams

Learning Objective: 9-3: Describe how micro-, meso- and macro-level issues impact interpersonal, intergroup, and international intercultural conflicts.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Prejudice, Ethnocentrism, and Racism
Difficulty Level: Medium

10. The ______ complex refers to the “confluence of public and private sector interests in the criminalization of undocumented migration, immigration law enforcement, and the promotion of ‘anti-illegal’ rhetoric”.

a. immigration industrial

b. immigration globalization

c. globalized immigration

d. globalization industrial

Learning Objective: 9-3: Describe how micro-, meso- and macro-level issues impact interpersonal, intergroup, and international intercultural conflicts.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Economic and Political Factors
Difficulty Level: Medium

11. The immigration industrial complex uses all the following except:

a. a rhetoric of fear

b. the confluence of power interests

c. modernization techniques

d. otherization discourse

Learning Objective: 9-3: Describe how micro-, meso- and macro-level issues impact interpersonal, intergroup, and international intercultural conflicts.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Economic and Political Factors
Difficulty Level: Medium

12. In an ______ orientation the self is understood as relational and conflict is seen as a part of life that is managed in relationship with others.

a. independent

b. interdependent

c. personal

d. global

Learning Objective: 9-1: Describe how people from diverse groups engage in conflict differently and explore the conditions that lead to intercultural conflict.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Micro-Frame Analysis of Intercultural Conflict
Difficulty Level: Easy

13. From an ______ orientation, the individual is seen as an autonomous agent pursuing personal goals based on his or her beliefs.

a. independent

b. interdependent

c. personal

d. global

Learning Objective: 9-1: Describe how people from diverse groups engage in conflict differently and explore the conditions that lead to intercultural conflict.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Micro-Frame Analysis of Intercultural Conflict
Difficulty Level: Easy

14. ______ refers to the information that surrounds a communication event, which is closely tied to the meaning of the event

a. Setting

b. Environment

c. Context

d. Culture

Learning Objective: 9-1: Describe how people from diverse groups engage in conflict differently and explore the conditions that lead to intercultural conflict.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Communication and Conflict Styles
Difficulty Level: Medium

15. John and Leah are a part of the same culture and when they communicate, much of the meaning is understood without being explicitly said. This is an example of ______ context communication.

a. High

b. Mid

c. Low

d. No

Learning Objective: 9-1: Describe how people from diverse groups engage in conflict differently and explore the conditions that lead to intercultural conflict.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Communication and Conflict Styles
Difficulty Level: Medium

16. Michelle doesn’t want to embarrass her coworker in a meeting, so she chooses to point out a critique in private after the meeting. Michelle is concerned about her coworkers’ ______.

a. honor

b. privacy

c. face

d. context

Learning Objective: 9-1: Describe how people from diverse groups engage in conflict differently and explore the conditions that lead to intercultural conflict.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Facework
Difficulty Level: Medium

17. Imbalances in ______ are often pivotal features in conflicts in interpersonal, intergroup, and international/global contexts.

a. morality

b. location

c. language

d. power

Learning Objective: 9-4: Identify communication skills and strategies to increase effectiveness in addressing intercultural conflicts.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Power Imbalance
Difficulty Level: Medium

18. ______ refers to shared stories and interpretations of cultural groups that are often passed along in written or oral form from generation to generation.

a. Cultural stories

b. Shared stories

c. Cultural histories

d. Shared histories

Learning Objective: 9-1: Describe how people from diverse groups engage in conflict differently and explore the conditions that lead to intercultural conflict.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Cultural Histories and Cultural Identities
Difficulty Level: Medium

19. The term ______ was first used to refer to Christians in the United States who demanded strict adherence to specific theological beliefs in the early part of the 20th century.

a. puritan

b. protestant

c. extremist

d. fundamentalism

Learning Objective: 9-2: Explain and apply a multi-dimensional framework of analysis for addressing the complexities of intercultural conflict in the global context.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Religious Fundamentalism
Difficulty Level: Medium

20. ______ refers to a model of argument that manages the resolutions of disagreement within a set of rules that are responsive to intercultural differences.

a. Citizen argument

b. Globalized argument

c. Cooperative argument

d. Cooperative agreement

Learning Objective: 9-2: Explain and apply a multi-dimensional framework of analysis for addressing the complexities of intercultural conflict in the global context.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Dialogue
Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. Intercultural conflict can be defined as a real or perceived incompatibility of values, norms, and expectations.

Learning Objective: 9-2: Explain and apply a multi-dimensional framework of analysis for addressing the complexities of intercultural conflict in the global context.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: NEGOTIATING INTERCULTURAL CONFLICT AND SOCIAL JUSTICE: Strategies for Intercultural Relations
Difficulty Level: Easy

2. “Civilized versus uncivilized” is an example of an oppositional metaphor.

Learning Objective: 9-2: Explain and apply a multi-dimensional framework of analysis for addressing the complexities of intercultural conflict in the global context.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Media
Difficulty Level: Medium

3. The macro-frame analysis focuses on the individual-based interactional dimension of intercultural conflict.

Learning Objective: 9-3: Describe how micro-, meso- and macro-level issues impact interpersonal, intergroup, and international intercultural conflicts.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Micro-Frame Analysis of Intercultural Conflict
Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Collectivistic cultures tend to cultivate an interdependent orientation.

Learning Objective: 9-1: Describe how people from diverse groups engage in conflict differently and explore the conditions that lead to intercultural conflict.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Micro-Frame Analysis of Intercultural Conflict
Difficulty Level: Easy

5. High context communication is communication where the mass of the information is vested in the explicit code.

Learning Objective: 9-1: Describe how people from diverse groups engage in conflict differently and explore the conditions that lead to intercultural conflict.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Communication and Conflict Styles
Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Face, which can be threatened, lost, protected, maintained, and saved, is a critical resource that is negotiated through communication in social interactions.

Learning Objective: 9-1: Describe how people from diverse groups engage in conflict differently and explore the conditions that lead to intercultural conflict.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Facework
Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Out-groups are groups of individuals who are seen as separate and different from us, are often perceived as unequal to our group, as well as potentially threatening.

Learning Objective: 9-1: Describe how people from diverse groups engage in conflict differently and explore the conditions that lead to intercultural conflict.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Prejudice, Ethnocentrism, and Racism
Difficulty Level: Medium

8. The term fundamentalism now is meant to connote a return to basic irreducible tenets or beliefs within the Christian religion.

Learning Objective: 9-2: Explain and apply a multi-dimensional framework of analysis for addressing the complexities of intercultural conflict in the global context.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Religious Fundamentalism
Difficulty Level: Medium

9. There were 52 armed conflicts around the world reported in 2018—an all-time high since the end of WWII.

Learning Objective: 9-3: Describe how micro-, meso- and macro-level issues impact interpersonal, intergroup, and international intercultural conflicts.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Geopolitical Power Inequities
Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Reflection is a selfish response to intercultural conflict.

Learning Objective: 9-4: Identify communication skills and strategies to increase effectiveness in addressing intercultural conflicts.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Reflection
Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. Briefly explain low-context and high-context communication. Discuss how these differences matter in intercultural conflict.

Learning Objective: 9-3: Describe how micro-, meso- and macro-level issues impact interpersonal, intergroup, and international intercultural conflicts.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Communication and Conflict Styles
Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Briefly explain the key aspects of macro-, micro-, and mesoframe analysis of intercultural conflict. Discuss why it is important to address all three frames when addressing conflicts.

Learning Objective: 9-3: Describe how micro-, meso- and macro-level issues impact interpersonal, intergroup, and international intercultural conflicts.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Intercultural Conflict: A Multidimensional Framework of Analysis
Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Using examples, explain in-groups and out-groups.

Learning Objective: 9-3: Describe how micro-, meso- and macro-level issues impact interpersonal, intergroup, and international intercultural conflicts.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Prejudice, Ethnocentrism, and Racism
Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Briefly explain the interdependent orientation and independent orientation. Discuss how these differences matter in intercultural conflict.

Learning Objective: 9-1: Describe how people from diverse groups engage in conflict differently and explore the conditions that lead to intercultural conflict.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Cultural Orientations
Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Describe the immigration industrial complex, using examples.

Learning Objective: 9-2: Explain and apply a multi-dimensional framework of analysis for addressing the complexities of intercultural conflict in the global context.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Macro-Frame Analysis of Intercultural Conflict
Difficulty Level: Hard