Exam Questions Ch.7 The Ethics Of Job Discrimination

Chapter 7

Velasquez Test Bank

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which of the following arguments are used by those organizations that support the goal of diversity in the workforce?
2. Affirmative action plans eliminate reverse discrimination.
3. Global marketplaces can only be developed with exposure to diversity.
4. Racial discrimination still exists today and must be ended.
5. Sexism and racist bigotry deny women and minorities opportunities.

Topic: Divided over Discrimination

Learning Objective 7.1: Describe the legal climate and key legal decisions that have affected how discrimination in the workplace is viewed

Skill Level: Analyze it

Difficulty Level: Difficult

1. Which of the following must be involved in order to have discrimination in employment?
2. The discrimination must be based on long-standing beliefs about a person or group.
3. The decision must be based on prejudice.
4. The decision must be based on individual merit.
5. The decision must be supported by the institution or organization.

Topic: The Nature of Job Discrimination

Learning Objective 7.2: Analyze the nature of job discrimination based on study of intentional, unintentional, individual, and institutional forms

Skill Level: Understand the concept

Difficulty Level: Moderate

1. Decisions based on _____ are decisions based on ideas about race, gender, or other stereotypes.
2. a negative impact
3. a harmful impact
4. individual merit
5. prejudice

Topic: The Nature of Job Discrimination

Learning Objective 7.2: Analyze the nature of job discrimination based on study of intentional, unintentional, individual, and institutional forms

Skill Level: Apply what you know

Difficulty Level: Moderate

1. Which of the following is carried out as the result of unconscious factors such as processes that have unintended outcomes?
2. Intentional discrimination
3. Unintentional discrimination
4. Individual discrimination
5. Institutional discrimination

Topic: The Nature of Job Discrimination

Learning Objective 7.2: Analyze the nature of job discrimination based on study of intentional, unintentional, individual, and institutional forms

Skill Level: Apply what you know

Difficulty Level: Moderate

1. Which of the following types of discrimination has widespread effects within an organization because it is based on processes and policies?
2. Intentional
3. Unintentional
4. Individual
5. Institutional

Topic: The Nature of Job Discrimination

Learning Objective 7.2: Analyze the nature of job discrimination based on study of intentional, unintentional, individual, and institutional forms

Skill Level: Analyze it

Difficulty Level: Moderate

1. Which of the following forms of discrimination is the result of one or a few people acting on their own?
2. Intentional
3. Unintentional
4. Individual
5. Institutional

Topic: The Nature of Job Discrimination

Learning Objective 7.2: Analyze the nature of job discrimination based on study of intentional, unintentional, individual, and institutional forms

Skill Level: Apply what you know

Difficulty Level: Easy

1. Which of the following viewed discrimination as an intentional act by an organization and sought to eliminate discrimination on the part of the employer?
2. Executive Order 11246
3. Affirmative action
4. Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972
5. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

Topic: The Nature of Job Discrimination

Learning Objective 7.2: Analyze the nature of job discrimination based on study of intentional, unintentional, individual, and institutional forms

Skill Level: Analyze it

Difficulty Level: Moderate

1. Which of the following describes an indication that discrimination exists because there is a disproportionate number of a protected group in less desirable positions within the organization?
2. Prima facie
3. Intentionality
4. Adverse impact
5. Affirmative action

Topic: The Nature of Job Discrimination

Learning Objective 7.2: Analyze the nature of job discrimination based on study of intentional, unintentional, individual, and institutional forms

Skill Level: Apply what you know

Difficulty Level: Moderate

1. Families headed by single women are now _____ as likely to be poor compared to families headed by single men.
2. twice
3. three times
4. four times
5. five times

Topic: The Extent of Discrimination in the United States

Learning Objective 7.3: Outline the extent of employment discrimination by making comparisons among groups

Skill Level: Analyze it

Difficulty Level: Easy

1. Which of the following describes the relationship between pay and the number of women working in an occupation?
2. The more women in an occupation, the higher the pay for that occupation.
3. The more women in an occupation, the lower the pay for that occupation.
4. The fewer women in an occupation, the higher the pay for women in that occupation.
5. The fewer women in an occupation, the lower the pay for everyone in that occupation.

Topic: The Extent of Discrimination in the United States

Learning Objective 7.3: Outline the extent of employment discrimination by making comparisons among groups

Skill Level: Analyze it

Difficulty Level: Moderate

1. Which of the following best describes barriers encountered by women as they advance in their careers?
2. Affirmative action
3. Prima facie
4. Glass ceiling
5. Intentionality

Topic: The Extent of Discrimination in the United States

Learning Objective 7.3: Outline the extent of employment discrimination by making comparisons among groups

Skill Level: Apply what you know

Difficulty Level: Moderate

1. Of all the new jobs created during the past two decades, how many of them require education beyond high school?
2. One-tenth
3. One-quarter
4. One-third
5. One-half

Topic: The Extent of Discrimination in the United States

Learning Objective 7.3: Outline the extent of employment discrimination by making comparisons among groups

Skill Level: Apply what you know

Difficulty Level: Moderate

1. Which of the following is cited as one reason why minorities make less money than whites?
2. Minorities are steered into low-paying professions such as education.
3. Minorities face a glass ceiling as they advance in their career.
4. Sexual harassment is greater for minorities than other groups, including women.
5. Minorities need skills and education but have a comparative lack of both.

Topic: The Extent of Discrimination in the United States

Learning Objective 7.3: Outline the extent of employment discrimination by making comparisons among groups

Skill Level: Analyze it

Difficulty Level: Moderate

1. The idea that a society’s productivity will be optimized to the extent that jobs are awarded based on competency is supported by the _____ argument against discrimination.
2. utilitarian
3. rights-based
4. justice-based
5. distribution

Topic: Discrimination: Utility, Rights, and Justice

Learning Objective 7.4: Analyze discrimination using utilitarian, rights-based, and justice-based arguments

Skill Level: Analyze it

Difficulty Level: Moderate

1. According to the utilitarian argument against discrimination, jobs should be assigned based on _____ as long as such assignments advance the public welfare.
2. gender
3. qualifications
4. education
5. race

Topic: Discrimination: Utility, Rights, and Justice

Learning Objective 7.4: Analyze discrimination using utilitarian, rights-based, and justice-based arguments

Skill Level: Analyze it

Difficulty Level: Moderate

1. Which of the following arguments against discrimination supports the view that discrimination arbitrarily closes off to minorities and women the more desirable positions, thereby not giving them an opportunity equal to others?
2. Nonutilitarian
3. Rights-based
4. Justice-based
5. Kantian

Topic: Discrimination: Utility, Rights, and Justice

Learning Objective 7.4: Analyze discrimination using utilitarian, rights-based, and justice-based arguments

Skill Level: Apply what you know

Difficulty Level: Moderate

1. Which of following best describes the idea that individuals who are equal in all respects relevant to a type of treatment should be treated equally even if they are dissimilar in other, nonrelevant respects.
2. Kantian arguments
3. Stereotyping
4. Cultural traditions
5. Principles of equality

Topic: Discrimination: Utility, Rights, and Justice

Learning Objective 7.4: Analyze discrimination using utilitarian, rights-based, and justice-based arguments

Skill Level: Analyze it

Difficulty Level: Moderate

1. Which type of sexual harassment occurs when superiors or other workers engage in unwelcome sexual conduct that results in a workplace that is offensive or abusive to an employee?
2. Hostile environment harassment
3. Coercive
4. Quid pro quo
5. Implicit

Topic: Discrimination: Utility, Rights, and Justice

Learning Objective 7.4: Analyze discrimination using utilitarian, rights-based, and justice-based arguments

Skill Level: Apply what you know

Difficulty Level: Moderate

1. Which of the following was designed to protect people who have a physical or mental limitation that might prevent them from doing some aspect of a job?
2. Age Discrimination in Employment Act
3. Affirmative action
4. Quotas
5. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

Topic: Discrimination: Utility, Rights, and Justice

Learning Objective 7.4: Analyze discrimination using utilitarian, rights-based, and justice-based arguments

Skill Level: Apply what you know

Difficulty Level: Easy

1. Which of the following is a criticism of current affirmative action plans?
2. They work to eliminate discrimination in the future, but they do not correct past wrongs.
3. They work to protect the opportunities of women and minorities, but not other groups.
4. They work to correct past wrongs, not prevent further discrimination.
5. They work to provide additional compensation to those that have been wronged, but do not work to protect entire groups.

Topic: Affirmative Action

Learning Objective 7.5: Examine the policy of affirmative action from practical, legal, and moral points of view

Skill Level: Analyze it

Difficulty Level: Moderate

1. Which of the following provides for a way to measure the success of affirmative action programs?
2. A clear identification of the purpose of the study
3. Specific and measureable quotas
4. A comparison of women and minorities in each job classification
5. Coordinated increased recruitment of women and minorities

Topic: Affirmative Action

Learning Objective 7.5: Examine the policy of affirmative action from practical, legal, and moral points of view

Skill Level: Analyze it

Difficulty Level: Moderate

1. Which of the follow is an outcome of Supreme Court rulings that pertain to affirmative action programs in the workplace?
2. Race and gender can be the only factors in an affirmative action program.
3. Affirmative action programs must have specific quota goals.
4. Affirmative action programs must be temporary and narrowly tailored to achieve their objectives.
5. Affirmative action programs cannot be used to increase diversity at public institutions.

Topic: Affirmative Action

Learning Objective 7.5: Examine the policy of affirmative action from practical, legal, and moral points of view

Skill Level: Analyze it

Difficulty Level: Moderate

1. Which of the following supports the idea that people have an obligation to pay those whom they have intentionally and unjustly wronged?
2. Affirmative action
3. Compensatory justice
4. Quotas
5. Increasing utility

Topic: Affirmative Action

Learning Objective 7.5: Examine the policy of affirmative action from practical, legal, and moral points of view

Skill Level: Apply what you know

Difficulty Level: Moderate

1. Which of the following is a goal of affirmation action programs from an equal justice perspective?
2. To place society’s benefits and burdens on protected classes
3. To neutralize competitive advantages
4. To neutralize unconscious bias in employment decisions
5. To eliminate the need for a more just society

Topic: Affirmative Action

Learning Objective 7.5: Examine the policy of affirmative action from practical, legal, and moral points of view

Skill Level: Analyze it

Difficulty Level: Moderate

1. Opponents of affirmative action programs have argued that criteria besides race and sex must be considered when making job decisions. Which of the following indicates the need for the inclusion of other criteria?
2. If only race and sex are used as criteria, the result will be the hiring of unqualified workers.
3. Productivity will remain steady but will not improve if hiring is done on the basis of race and sex.
4. Only women and minorities with equal skills and qualifications should be considered.
5. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 does not allow employers to correct programs that are not morally unjust.

Topic: Affirmative Action Learning Objective

Learning Objective 7.5: Examine the policy of affirmative action from practical, legal, and moral points of view

Skill Level: Analyze it

Difficulty Level: Moderate

SHORT ANSWER

1. Several companies urged the Supreme Court to protect the University of Michigan’s goal of achieving diversity through its affirmative action program. Discuss the four reasons why organizations sought to protect diversity and affirmative action.

Sample

Topic: Divided over Discrimination

Learning Objective 7.1: Describe the legal climate and key legal decisions that have affected how discrimination in the workplace is viewed

1. Discuss the four forms of discrimination that might be present in an organization.

Sample

Topic: The Nature of Job Discrimination

Learning Objective 7.2: Analyze the nature of job discrimination based on study of intentional, unintentional, individual, and institutional forms

1. Discuss the role of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

Sample

Topic: The Nature of Job Discrimination

Learning Objective 7.2: Analyze the nature of job discrimination based on study of intentional, unintentional, individual, and institutional forms

1. Based on information in the text, what reasonable conclusion can be drawn about employment discrimination?

Sample

Topic: The Extent of Discrimination in the United States

Learning Objective 7.3: Outline the extent of employment discrimination by making comparisons among groups

30. Discuss how a lack of education promotes discrimination and lack of opportunity for minorities in the workplace?

Sample

Topic: The Extent of Discrimination in the United States

Learning Objective 7.3: Outline the extent of employment discrimination by making comparisons among groups

31. Discuss the three conditions that would constitute sexual harassment in the workplace.

Sample

Topic: Discrimination: Utility, Rights, and Justice

Learning Objective 7.4: Analyze discrimination using utilitarian, rights-based, and justice-based arguments

32. Discuss the view of reverse discrimination created or supported by affirmative action programs.

Sample

Topic: Affirmative Action

Learning Objective 7.5: Examine the policy of affirmative action from practical, legal, and moral points of view

33. How does the promotion of affirmative action programs act as a method of increasing utility?

Sample

Topic: Affirmative Action

Learning Objective 7.5: Examine the policy of affirmative action from practical, legal, and moral points of view