Chapter 5 Ethics And The Environment Verified Test Bank

Chapter 5

Velasquez Test Bank

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. From which external environment does a corporation draw the raw materials needed for a finished product?
2. Consumer
3. Natural
4. Competition
5. Social

Topic: The Dimensions of Pollution and Resource Depletion

Learning Objective 5.1: Identify environmental threats related to the production of consumer goods

Skill Level: Understand the concept

Difficulty Level: Moderate

1. According to Michael Renner from the Worldwatch Institute’s State of the World 2015 report, what is driving most of our environmental problems?
2. Economic growth
3. Landfill growth
4. Income growth
5. Technology growth

Topic: The Dimensions of Pollution and Resource Depletion

Learning Objective 5.1: Identify environmental threats related to the production of consumer goods

Skill Level: Difficult

Difficulty Level: Apply what you know

1. Which of the following describes the undesirable contamination of the environment by human activities?
2. Resource depletion
3. Greenhouse effect
4. Pollution
5. Global warming

Topic: The Dimensions of Pollution and Resource Depletion

Learning Objective 5.1: Identify environmental threats related to the production of consumer goods

Skill Level: Apply what you know

Difficulty Level: Moderate

1. Which of the following absorbs and holds heat from the sun, thereby contributing to the heating of the atmosphere?
2. Global warming
3. Acid rain
4. Chlorofluorocarbons
5. Greenhouse gases

Topic: The Dimensions of Pollution and Resource Depletion

Learning Objective 5.1: Identify environmental threats related to the production of consumer goods

Skill Level: Apply what you know

Difficulty Level: Moderate

1. Which of the following is considered to be one of the most prevalent sources of the six most common forms of air pollution, affecting the air we breathe, human health, and the environment, and creating property damage?
2. Airborne toxins produced by carcinogens such as cigarette smoke
3. Acid rain produced by burning sulfur from resources such as coal
4. Chlorofluorocarbons produced by items such as refrigerators and air conditioners
5. Gases and particulates produced by automobiles

Topic: The Dimensions of Pollution and Resource Depletion

Learning Objective 5.1: Identify environmental threats related to the production of consumer goods

Skill Level: Understand the concept

Difficulty Level: Moderate

1. Which of the following is the main source of greenhouse gas emissions?
2. Power generation
3. Farming
4. Oil drilling and processing
5. Industrial processes

Topic: The Dimensions of Pollution and Resource Depletion

Learning Objective 5.1: Identify environmental threats related to the production of consumer goods

Skill Level: Apply what you know

Difficulty Level: Moderate

1. Which of the following describes the belief that concern for nature should be based on how the environment affects the interests of human beings?
2. Ecological ethics
3. Utilitarianism
4. Teleological center of life
5. Anthropocentric views

Topic: The Ethics of Pollution Control

Learning Objective 5.2: Examine the important ethical considerations of pollution control

Skill Level: Understand the concept

Difficulty Level: Moderate

1. Which of the following describes the view that we have a moral obligation to protect nonhuman parts of the environment simply because they deserve to be protected?
2. Anthropocentric values
3. Ecological ethics
4. Absolute bans
5. Teleological ethics

Topic: The Ethics of Pollution Control

Learning Objective 5.2: Examine the important ethical considerations of pollution control

Skill Level: Understand the concept

Difficulty Level: Moderate

1. Who claimed that a livable environment is not just something we would like to have, rather, it is something others have a duty to allow us to have?
2. Paul Taylor
3. Albert Schweitzer
4. William Blackstone
5. Aldo Leopold

Topic: The Ethics of Pollution Control

Learning Objective 5.2: Examine the important ethical considerations of pollution control2

Skill Level: Understand the concept

Difficulty Level: Moderate

1. Which of the following describes the external price that must be paid by those in surrounding communities when pollutants are generated?
2. Private costs
3. Divergent costs
4. Market costs
5. Social costs

Topic: The Ethics of Pollution Control

Learning Objective 5.2: Examine the important ethical considerations of pollution control

Skill Level: Understand the concept

Difficulty Level: Moderate

1. Which of the following is an ethical deficiency that can occur when a market is no longer allocating resources or distributing commodities in a way that maximizes utility?
2. Society will prevent overproduction, thereby limiting resources being consumed.
3. Goods become more efficiently distributed to consumers as external costs become differentiated.
4. Firms that do not have to pay external costs use up and waste resources being consumed by external costs.
5. The overproduction of a commodity results in the production of other commodities, creating greater demand.

Topic: The Ethics of Pollution Control

Learning Objective 5.2: Examine the important ethical considerations of pollution control

Skill Level: Analyze it

Difficulty Level: Difficult

1. Which of the following is an ethical market approach to environmental protection?
2. Humans have a right to a livable environment.
3. Nonhumans have intrinsic value and must be protected.
4. There are not remedies for justice when internalizing the cost of environmental protection.
5. External costs violate utility, rights, and justice, so they should be internalized.

Topic: The Ethics of Pollution Control

Learning Objective 5.2: Examine the important ethical considerations of pollution control

Skill Level: Analyze it

Difficulty Level: Moderate

1. How can producers remedy external costs of production when they internalize the costs of pollution?
2. By absorbing the cost when determining the price of its goods
3. By imposing the costs to a third-party polluting agent
4. By practicing lessons of the precautionary principle
5. By maximizing the rule of probability theory

Topic: Remedies as Duties of the Firm

Learning Objective 5.3: Assess the approaches to internalizing the external costs of pollution

Skill Level: Apply what you know

Difficulty Level: Moderate

1. Which of the following is one way producers can internalize the external costs of pollution?
2. By determining who is receiving benefits from the pollution and increasing costs to that group
3. By using pollution-control devices and stopping pollution at its source
4. By incorporating distributive justice and distributing the cost of pollution to all
5. By increasing rates for those nearest the source of the pollution

Topic: Remedies as Duties of the Firm

Learning Objective 5.3: Assess the approaches to internalizing the external costs of pollution

Skill Level: Analyze it

Difficulty Level: Moderate

1. When organizations pollute the local community, _____ occurs as housing values decline, wealthy owners move, and neighborhoods become inhabited by the poor.
2. environmental racism
3. internalizing external costs
4. environmental injustice
5. distributive justice

Topic: Remedies as Duties of the Firm

Learning Objective 5.3: Assess the approaches to internalizing the external costs of pollution

Skill Level: Understand the concepts

Difficulty Level: Moderate

1. Which of the following says that if a practice carries an unknown risk of unknown proportions, the practice should be rejected until the risk is nonexistent or insignificant?
2. Informed consent
3. Utilitarian approach
4. Maximum rule of probability theory
5. Precautionary principle

Topic: Remedies as Duties of the Firm

Learning Objective 5.3: Assess the approaches to internalizing the external costs of pollution

Skill Level: Understand the concepts

Difficulty Level: Moderate

1. Which of the following claims that only when patterns of hierarchy and domination change will we be able to deal with environmental crises?
2. Social ecology
3. Ecofeminism
4. Ethics of caring
5. Lockean principle

Topic: Remedies as Duties of the Firm

Learning Objective 5.3: Assess the approaches to internalizing the external costs of pollution

Skill Level: Analyze it

Difficulty Level: Moderate

1. Which of the following supports the idea of replacing the destruction of nature with the idea of nurturing our relationships with nature and all living things?
2. Social ecology
3. Ecofeminism
4. Ethic of caring
5. Lockean principle

Topic: Remedies as Duties of the Firm

Learning Objective 5.3: Assess the approaches to internalizing the external costs of pollution

Skill Level: Understand the concepts

Difficulty Level: Moderate

1. According to the utilitarian approach to pollution removal, how do costs of removal determine the optimal level of removal?
2. Costs of removal still allow for satisfactory stakeholder profits.
3. Costs of removal equal the benefits received by removal.
4. Costs of removal become reduced through the use of technology.
5. Costs of removal are lower than the unknown risks of removal.

Topic: Remedies as Duties of the Firm

Learning Objective: 5.3: Assess the approaches to internalizing the external costs of pollution

Skill Level: Analyze it

Difficulty Level: Moderate

1. Which of the following refers to saving or rationing natural resources so they can be used at a later date?
2. Conservation
3. Depletion
4. Ecological ethics
5. Sustainability

Topic: The Ethics of Conserving Resources

Learning Objective: 5.4: Evaluate the ethics related to the conservation of resources for future generations

Skill Level: Apply what you know

Difficulty Level: Moderate

1. Which of the following best exemplifies the Lockean principle?
2. Future generations do not now exist and may never exist.
3. The current generation is required to increase sustainability for the next generation.
4. Because we do not know the interests of future generations, we cannot say what rights they have.
5. Each generation should leave enough and as good for others.

Topic: The Ethics of Conserving Resources

Learning Objective: 5.4: Evaluate the ethics related to the conservation of resources for future generations

Skill Level: Analyze it

Difficulty Level: Moderate

1. According to William Shepherd and Clair Wilcox, businesses in markets have developed a view of future scarcity of resources based on the idea that
2. businesses consume resources quickly before their competitors have a chance.
3. even though businesses cannot predict the future, they should still ensure resources will always be available.
4. businesses will consider externalities and will strive to protect resources.
5. the only means of conserving for the future appears to be in the hands of stakeholders.

Topic: The Ethics of Conserving Resources

Learning Objective: 5.4: Evaluate the ethics related to the conservation of resources for future generations

Skill Level: Analyze it

Difficulty Level: Difficult

1. Which of the following best describes sustainability?
2. Giving our immediate successors a world in better condition than it is now
3. The present generation’s need to sacrifice for future generations’ rights
4. The saving or rationing of natural resources for later us
5. The capacity something has to continue to function into the future

Topic: The Ethics of Conserving Resources

Learning Objective: 5.4: Evaluate the ethics related to the conservation of resources for future generations

Skill Level: Understand the concepts

Difficulty Level: Easy

1. According to E. F. Schumacher, if we do not preserve enough nonrenewable resources, future generations will have to _____ in order to maintain their quality of life at a level similar to ours.
2. switch from using capital-intensive technologies to more labor-intensive technologies
3. have a goal of decreasing production until a steady state is achieved
4. maintain a population where wealth is maintained at a minimal but constant level
5. limit physical production and consumption to the lowest feasible level

Topic: The Ethics of Conserving Resources

Learning Objective: 5.4: Evaluate the ethics related to the conservation of resources for future generations

Skill Level: Analyze it

Difficulty Level: Difficult

1. Which of the following is implied by environmental sustainability?
2. The capacity of resources must continue to meet the needs of present generations.
3. Future generations will have to find ways to meet their own needs through the use of technology.
4. Humanity should not deplete renewable resources faster than we can replace them.
5. Environmental, economic, and social sustainability are all interrelated.

Topic: The Ethics of Conserving Resources

Learning Objective: 5.4: Evaluate the ethics related to the conservation of resources for future generations

Skill Level: Apply what you know

Difficulty Level: Moderate

SHORT ANSWER

1. How does acid rain affect the environment?

Sample

Topic: The Dimensions of Pollution and Resource Depletion

Learning Objective 5.1: Identify environmental threats related to the production of consumer goods

1. Discuss the various effects of climate change.

Sample

Topic: The Dimensions of Pollution and Resource Depletion

Learning Objective 5.1: Identify environmental threats related to the production of consumer goods

1. Discuss how William Blackstone’s views on environmental rights have been supported by federal law.

Sample

Topic: The Ethics of Pollution Control

Learning Objective 5.2: Examine the important ethical considerations of pollution control

1. Discuss how pollution violates the justice or fairness that characterizes a competitive free market.

Sample

Topic: The Ethics of Pollution Control

Learning Objective 5.2: Examine the important ethical considerations of pollution control

1. Discuss how internalizing the external cost of pollution is consistent with the requirements of retributive and compensatory justice.

Sample

Topic: Remedies as Duties of the Firm

Learning Objective 5.3: Assess the approaches to internalizing the external costs of pollution

1. Discuss the concept of ecofeminism.

Sample

Topic: Remedies as Duties of the Firm

Learning Objective 5.3: Assess the approaches to internalizing the external costs of pollution

32. Discuss the utilitarian argument for conserving and preserving natural resources for future generations.

Sample

Topic: The Ethics of Conserving Resources

Learning Objective: 5.4: Evaluate the ethics related to the conservation of resources for future generations

1. Discuss the three pillars of sustainability.

Sample

Topic: The Ethics of Conserving Resources

Learning Objective: 5.4: Evaluate the ethics related to the conservation of resources for future generations