Exam Questions + Ch3 + Conceptualizing Parental Stress With

Chapter 3: Conceptualizing Parental Stress With Family Stress Theory

Multiple Choice

1. Pronatalist views on parenting

a. Highlight the positive aspects of parenting without realistic assessments of challenges associated with parenting

b. Are based on fundamentalist views only

c. Are based on secular views only

d. Represent a balanced perspective

Answer location: Introduction, pp. 53-54

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

2. Beliefs that include varied experiences (both positive and negative) of parenting are referred to as

a. Pronatalism

b. Secularism

c. Pragmatic realism

d. Feminism

Answer location: Pragmatic realism, p. 54

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

3. “Stress is a universal experience for parents” is a concept from

a. Pronatalism

b. Secularism

c. Pragmatic realism

d. Feminism

Answer location: Pragmatic realism, p. 54

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

4. The onset, continuity, intensity, and management of parenting stress depends on

a. The sex of the child

b. The socioeconomic status of the parent

c. The parent’s self-perception, perception of others, and cultural context

d. The developmental stage of the family system

Answer location Pragmatic Realism: p. 54

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

5. Hill (1949) proposed that crisis results from a complex interaction between

a. A family’s ethnicity, resources, and extended family support

b. A family’s socioeconomic status, the level of their social network support, and the strength of their family system

c. The stage in the family life cycle, the family’s social network, the parent’s maturity

d. The stressor event, the family’s resources, and the family’s perception of the event

Answer location: Conceptualizing Family Stress Theory and Parental Stress, p. 56

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

6. Family stress scholars view as the essence of stress and tension within families and parent-child relationships.

a. Socioeconomic status

b. Culture

c. Change

d. Decision making

Answer location: Systemic X Factor, p. 57

Question Type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

7. Family stress theory (as opposed to stress theory based on the individual) has broadened the view of stress from a

a. Mainly psychological level to the community level of study

b. Mainly contextual level to a psychological and physical level of study

c. Mainly psychological level to a developmental level

d. Mainly psychological level to both a relationship level as well as a family systems level

Answer location: The Systemic X Factor, pg. 57

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

8. Sheri is 16 and struggling at home. Her parents seem to be yelling at her constantly, which in turn makes her respond in a highly disrespectful way, which doesn’t seem to help matters. This is an example of

a. Indicators that the parents have been too indulgent with Sheri

b. Processes that lead to long-term family dysfunction

c. Reciprocal and/or multidirectional processes

d. Dysfunctional family roles

Answer location: The Systemic X Factor, p. 57

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Application

9. The A factor in family stress theory consists of

a. Familial resources that buffer the effects of stress

b. Stressor events that are large enough to bring about change in the family system

c. The meanings that the family makes of the X factor

d. The structure of the family and it’s functionality at the time of the stressor event

Answer location: Stressors or Stressor Events for Parents: Factor A, p. 59

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

10. Classification of parental stressors include

a. Normative, nonnormative, chronic

b. Nonnormative, regular, catastrophic

c. Chronic, pile-up, time limited

d. Normative-nonnormative, fatal

Answer location: Stressors or Stressor Events for Parents: Factor A, p. 59

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

11. Teri is a new mother who is home alone with her infant. She feels extreme stress from her routine that includes nursing constantly, trying to keep up with the loads of laundry, annoying phone calls from her mother, isolation, and getting to what seem to be constant doctor appointments. This is an example of

a. Stress from developmental transitions

b. Stress from daily hassles

c. Chronic stress

d. Stress from the parent-child relationship

Answer location: Daily Hassles, p. 60

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Application

12. Chris is 18 and has just started her first semester at Littletown College, which is 3 hours from home. She calls home every day, is struggling to find her “fit” in college, and feels like each day is a challenge. This is an example of a

a. Chronic stressor

b. Nonnormative stressor

c. Developmental stressor

d. Daily Hassle

Answer location: Developmental Transition, p. 60

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Application

13. Early death of a partner and diagnosis of an illness are examples of

a. Chronic stressors

b. Normative stressors

c. Crisis mode stressors

d. Nonnormative stressors

Answer location, Nonnormative Stressors, p. 62

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

14. Jan and Sean have a 20-year-old daughter who has Autism who lives with them. Although they have been trying to find work programs or day programs to involve her in, they have had little success because her behavioral needs are greater that the local programs can handle. This has resulted in numerous programmatic transitions, constant parental conflict, and finally Sean’s decision to quit her job to stay home with Christy. The couple is worried about finances but doesn’t see another way to handle the situation. This is most closely related to a

a. Developmental stressor

b. Chronic stressor

c. Normative Stressor

d. Structural stressor

Answer location: Chronic: Child Effects, p. 64

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Application

15. While Sean has decided to quit her job and care for their 20-year-old daughter who has Autism, she and Jan seem to have gotten closer even though the decision caused the family some financial difficulties. Sean and Jan and Christy find themselves spending less rushed time in the evenings playing games or watching movies or baking, which is Christy’s favorite thing to do. The couple feels stronger and more positive about their future, This is an example of

a. Adaptation

b. Developmental transition

c. Homeostasis

d. Coping

Answer location: Parental Adaptation, p. 69

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Application

16. Cynthia’s daughter has received multiple behavioral referrals at school. The school social worker has tried to contact Cynthia for the past 2 weeks and has left messages for Cynthia to call her back. Cynthia continues to minimize her daughter’s disruptive behaviors and just ignores the phone calls. This is an example of

a. Cynthia’s way of coping

b. A developmental stressor

c. Adaptation

d. Educational neglect

Answer location: Parental Coping, p. 68

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Application

17. The meaning that parents make of a stressor event is related to factor

a. A

b. B

c. C

d. X

Answer location: Parental Definitions, p. 79

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

18. A appraisal signifies that a stressor event is not hazardous.

a. Challenging

b. Benign

c. Structural

d. Developmental

Answer location: Parental Definitions, p. 70

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

19. The death of Ann’s partner came as a shock because she had been healthy one day and given 6 weeks to live the next. This is considered a/n

a. Nonnormative stressor

b. Developmental stressor

c. Normative stressor

d. Chronic illness stressor

Answer location: Nonnormative Stressors, p. 62

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

20. Chronic stressors from the social environment include

a. Parents’ daily employment demands

b. Sudden death of a spouse

c. A car accident

d. Developmental stressors

Answer location: Chronic Stressors, p. 64

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

True/False

1. The difference between a pronatalist view and a pragmatic realist’s view as it applies to parenting is that the pronatalist’s view is based on fundamentalist religious beliefs, and pragmatic realist’s beliefs are secular.

a. True

b. False

Answer location: Introduction and Pragmatic Realism, pp. 53-54

Question type: TF

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

2. Culture shapes one’s mental model of parenting.

a. True

b. False

Answer location: Pragmatic Realism, p. 54

Question type: TF

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

3. Stressor events that impact parents are more likely to be of moderate strength and accumulate over time in the form of “stressor pile-up.”

a. True

b. False

Answer location: Stressors or Stressor Events for Parents: Factor A, p. 59

Question type: TF

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

4. Developmental transitions are considered chronic stressors in the lives of families.

a. True

b. False

Answer location: Normative Stressors, p. 59

Question type: TF

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Essay

1. Discuss why parent stress is so common. What are some factors that impact the degree of stress a parent experiences?

2. Discuss how parental stress is both a product of connections with other people (e.g., relationships with coworkers or with a person’s spouse/partner) and an activator of personal behavior.

3. What do we mean by normative and nonnormative stressors? Give several examples of each type of stressor.

4. How do the characteristics of children help determine the level of stress experienced by parents?

5. A distinguishing characteristic of resources (both positive and negative) is their potential rather than actual nature. List several positive and negative resources parents may have.

6. How do the relationships that parents have with others, such as their spouse, extended family members, or coworkers influence the degree of parental stress experienced?

a. Answers may include:

• Scholars differ in the types of social support they identify, but most distinguish between capacities to provide emotional support, or behavior that communicates caring, and instrumental support, or concrete assistance that reduces parents’ tasks and responsibilities (Hennon et al., 2009; Hennon et al., 2008).
• Marital satisfaction, support outside family decreases isolation, depression
• Support from outside family boundaries becomes especially important when parents are not married, the involvement of partners in caregiving is inadequate, or alternative significant others (e.g., older siblings) are not available (Ontai et al., 2008). Moreover, social support has the potential to affect the quality of parenting indirectly by enhancing, maintaining, or impairing the emotional well-being of mothers and fathers (Lamb, 2013).

Answer location: Familial and Social Resources, pp. 66-67

Question type: ESS

Cognitive Domain: Analysis