Chapter 12: Prisons and Jails: Structure and Function

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Steve was sentenced to 6 months incarceration for a misdemeanor drunk driving offense. In which type of facility would he be housed?

A. prison

B. federal penitentiary

C. jail

D. diversion

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Correctional Facilities as Organizations

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. Which of the following is a feature of a jail?

A. It is a short-term holding facility for unsentenced offenders.

B. It is a long-term holding facility for sentenced offenders.

C. The majority of convicted felons serve their sentences there.

D. It is used to house those sentenced for federal crimes.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Correctional Facilities as Organizations

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Which of the following is a feature of a prison?

A. It is a short-term holding facility for unsentenced offenders.

B. The majority of convicted misdemeanants serve their sentences there.

C. The majority of convicted felons serve their sentence there.

D. Sentences are generally a duration of 1 year or less.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Correctional Facilities as Organizations

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Facilities designed to hold convicted felons for a duration of 1 year or more are known as ______.

A. prisons

B. quarantines

C. jails

D. diversion

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Correctional Facilities as Organizations

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Approximately how much money do state and local governments spend on corrections institutions annually?

A. US$10 billion
B. US$30 billion
C. US$50 billion

D. US$60 billion

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Correctional Facilities as Organizations

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Which of the following factors has contributed to recent trends in jail and prison populations?
A. an increase in “mandatory minimum” sentencing policies

B. an increase in violent and property crimes

C. states enacting legislation intended to reduce prison populations to save costs

D. releasing thousands of first-time offenders who were incarcerated for violent crimes

Learning Objective: 12-2: Review some of the factors that contribute to recent declines in prison and jail populations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Why the Declining Correctional Populations?

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. According to Michelle Alexander, what is the primary cause of the disproportionately high incarceration rates of people of color in the United States?

A. the “War on Drugs”

B. cultural deficiencies in minority communities

C. the increase in illegal immigration of people with criminal records

D. the decrease in affirmative action policies providing opportunity to minority populations

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Why the Declining Correctional Populations?

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Which of the following reflects the mission of correctional agencies?

A. to securely house convicted offenders away from the community

B. to protect citizens from crime by managing offenders and providing rehabilitative opportunities

C. to treat offenders with dignity and respect

D. to empower offenders to reach their highest potential

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Why the Declining Correctional Populations?

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. The ______ organization type of correctional organization emphasizes the caretaker functions of controlling and observing inmates.

A. custodial

B. treatment

C. enforcement

D. prevention

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Why the Declining Correctional Populations?

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Which of the following correctional organizations emphasizes rehabilitation of inmates?

A. custodial

B. enforcement

C. treatment

D. enforcement

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Why the Declining Correctional Populations?

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Which of the following reasons explains why contemporary prisons may not apply the same stigmatizing effects to all offenders as in the past?

A. It is the best way for many offenders to receive a good education.

B. Many of the offenders’ family and friends have also been to prison.

C. Prisons offer better vocational training than on the outside.

D. Offenders are given a fair amount of money once they are released from custody.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Why the Declining Correctional Populations?

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. What is an inmate’s security and treatment plan based on his/her security, social, vocational, psychological, and educational needs while incarcerated?

A. classification

B. sentencing

C. presentence investigation

D. assessment

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Why the Declining Correctional Populations?

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. Levinson identified four categories into which corrections officials classify new inmates. These categories include each of the following EXCEPT ______.

A. security

B. custody

C. program

D. seniority status

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Why the Declining Correctional Populations?

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. Which type of prison classification would determine an inmate’s level of supervision and types of privileges the inmate may have?

A. custody

B. security

C. housing

D. program

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Why the Declining Correctional Populations?

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. A correctional official is reviewing the files of a newly convicted offender named Joe. Joe was already serving a life-sentence for murder in a state correctional facility. While serving his sentence, Joe killed another inmate and seriously injured a prison guard. Based on the circumstances, the official decides that Joe should be housed in an institution with the highest level of security, so he assigns the inmate to a supermax facility. What type of prison classification category is being used to classify the inmate?
A. custody

B. security

C. housing

D. program

Learning Objective: 12-2: Review some of the factors that contribute to recent declines in prison and jail populations.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Why the Declining Correctional Populations?

Difficulty Level: Hard

16. How is the classification of inmates’ housing needs determined differently now than in the past?

A. Inmate housing is now determined on a “first come, first served” basis.

B. Inmate housing is now determined based on questionnaires, similar to how roommates are determined in college dorms.

C. Inmates are now assigned to housing based on an objective “lottery” system.

D. Inmates are now assigned to live with prisoners similar to themselves based on an internal classification.

Learning Objective: 12-2: Review some of the factors that contribute to recent declines in prison and jail populations.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Why the Declining Correctional Populations?

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. It is necessary for correctional staff to make classification decisions of inmates in at least two areas. What are those two areas?

A. the inmate’s physical characteristics and their criminal history

B. the inmate’s willingness to cooperate with correctional staff and their mental health needs

C. the inmate’s level of physical restraint and their custody grade

D. the inmate’s medical needs and their mental health needs

Learning Objective: 12-2: Review some of the factors that contribute to recent declines in prison and jail populations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Why the Declining Correctional Populations?

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. There are two different philosophies regarding what a correctional organization should be. What is the main difference between the two philosophies?

A. one emphasizes retribution, the other emphasizes deterrence

B. one emphasizes control of inmates, the other emphasizes rehabilitation of inmates

C. one emphasizes the injury of an inmate’s social standing, the other emphasizes the inmate’s exclusion from the group

D. one emphasizes incarceration, the other emphasizes racialized control

Learning Objective: 12-2: Review some of the factors that contribute to recent declines in prison and jail populations.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Why the Declining Correctional Populations?

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. Experts suggest that incarceration works as a punishment under two conditions. The first condition is if incarceration makes the inmate fear that they will be excluded from their social group. What is the second condition?

A. The offender is deprived of their freedom of movement.

B. The offender is forced to live under an oppressive set of rules.

C. The offender is given vocational training.

D. The offender’s social standing is injured by the punishment.

Learning Objective: 12-2: Review some of the factors that contribute to recent declines in prison and jail populations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Why the Declining Correctional Populations?

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. If an offender comes from a community where serving a prison term is seen as a “badge of honor” that elevates their status, which of the following can be inferred?

A. Incarceration is unlikely to be effective in deterring offenders from returning to prison after their release.

B. The offender will experience an increased standard of living while they are incarcerated.

C. The offender will feel isolated while incarcerated.

D. Incarceration will lead the offender to abide by society’s norms after their release.

Learning Objective: 12-2: Review some of the factors that contribute to recent declines in prison and jail populations

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Why the Declining Correctional Populations?

Difficulty Level: Hard

21. Michael has just finished serving a sentence for felony drug possession, and now lives in Kentucky, a state that permanently revokes the voting rights of convicted felons. He is among the 26% of African Americans in Kentucky who are politically disenfranchised, and no longer has a say in which elected officials represent him. Which of the following describes this situation, according to Michelle Alexander?

A. rehabilitation

B. incapacitation

C. racialized social control

D. mass imprisonment

Learning Objective: 12-2: Review some of the factors that contribute to recent declines in prison and jail populations.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Why the Declining Correctional Populations?

Difficulty Level: Hard

22. What are the two related management subsystems utilized by correctional institutions to achieve their goals?

A. managing correctional employees and delivering services to an offender population

B. managing offenders and ensuring the safety of correctional employees

C. protecting the public and rehabilitating the offender population

D. protecting correctional employees and reducing recidivism in the offender population

Learning Objective: 12-2: Review some of the factors that contribute to recent declines in prison and jail populations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Why the Declining Correctional Populations?

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. According to your text, approximately 4.65 million adults are now either on probation or parole as an alternative to incarceration. Which of the following explains the impact of the expanded use of these types of alternatives?

A. It has increased the crime rate due to more offenders being returned to their communities.

B. It has increased recidivism rates in serious offenders.

C. It is one factor that has led to the recent decrease in prison and jail populations.

D. It has increased public costs due to the intensified need for police to ensure parolees are sufficiently supervised and discouraged from reoffending.

Learning Objective: 12-2: Review some of the factors that contribute to recent declines in prison and jail populations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Why the Declining Correctional Populations?

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. Which type of classification category involves determining the type of supervision that an inmate will have when they are incarcerated?

A. security

B. custody

C. housing

D. program

Learning Objective: 12-2: Review some of the factors that contribute to recent declines in prison and jail populations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Why the Declining Correctional Populations?

Difficulty Level: Medium

25. Mary has completed interviews and tests to determine what type of vocational training she should receive when she begins serving her sentence in a minimum-security prison. What type of inmate classification is she undergoing?

A. security

B. custody

C. housing

D. program

Learning Objective: 12-2: Review some of the factors that contribute to recent declines in prison and jail populations.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Why the Declining Correctional Populations?

Difficulty Level: Medium

26. Which of the following terms describes a system of classification that breaks the prison into more manageable sections with some degree of decision-making authority?

A. custody management

B. mini-institution

C. security department

D. unit management

Learning Objective: 12-2: Review some of the factors that contribute to recent declines in prison and jail populations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Why the Declining Correctional Populations?

Difficulty Level: Medium

27. An inmate’s custody grade is synonymous with which of the following?

A. level of supervision

B. physical restraint

C. security level

D. program assignments

Learning Objective: 12-2: Review some of the factors that contribute to recent declines in prison and jail populations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Why the Declining Correctional Populations?

Difficulty Level: Medium

28. The chief administrator of a federal penitentiary or state prison is the _______.

A. warden

B. lieutenant

C. sergeant

D. superintendent

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: State Prisons as Organizations

Difficulty Level: Easy

29. Which of the following is usually the largest department in a prison?

A. security

B. kitchen

C. intake

D. education

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: State Prisons as Organizations

Difficulty Level: Easy

30. Which of the following terms describes the use of prison and jail inmates to produce goods or provide services for a public agency or private corporation?

A. prison industries

B. work release

C. community service

D. boot camp

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: State Prisons as Organizations

Difficulty Level: Easy

31. What is the main difference between prison wardens today and prison wardens before the beginning of the 20th century?

A. In the past, wardens were civil service employees.

B. Today, wardens are appointed via a system of political patronage.

C. In the past, wardens did not have absolute control over the prisons.

D. Today, wardens earn their positions thorough seniority and merit.

Learning Objective: 12-3: Explain the basic structure and function of state prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: State Prisons as Organizations

Difficulty Level: Medium

32. The two purposes of unit management are to decentralize the administration of the prison and to do which of the following?

A. decrease recidivism rates for inmates once they are released

B. improve communication between staff and inmates as well as among staff members

C. improve safety of correctional staff

D. decrease the oversight of inmates

Learning Objective: 12-3: Explain the basic structure and function of state prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: State Prisons as Organizations

Difficulty Level: Easy

33. Which of the following deputy wardens would oversee the library, mental health services, and religious services?

A. deputy warden for special services

B. deputy warden for administration

C. deputy warden for operations

D. deputy warden for unit management

Learning Objective: 12-3: Explain the basic structure and function of state prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: State Prisons as Organizations

Difficulty Level: Easy

34. Mr. Smith is a deputy warden at a state penitentiary. He is responsible for overseeing the largest department in the prison: the correctional security department. What type of deputy warden is he?

A. deputy warden for special services

B. deputy warden for administration

C. deputy warden for operations

D. deputy warden for unit management

Learning Objective: 12-3: Explain the basic structure and function of state prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: State Prisons as Organizations

Difficulty Level: Medium

35. Which prison type is considered to be work and program oriented?

A. supermax

B. high security

C. medium security

D. minimum security

Learning Objective: 12-4: Explain the basic structure and function of the federal prison system.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Federal Prisons

Difficulty Level: Easy

36. Federal institutions with dormitory housing, a low staff-to-inmate ratio, and limited to no perimeter fencing would be considered which type of prison?

A. correctional complexes

B. medium security

C. minimum security

D. low security

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Federal Prisons

Difficulty Level: Easy

37. Which of the following would reflect the structure of a correctional complex?

A. Limited to no perimeter fencing and an emphasis on work or program participation.

B. Dormitory or cubicle housing with double-fenced perimeters.

C. Double-fenced perimeters and mostly cell-type housing units.

D. Administrative facilities with different missions and security levels.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Federal Prisons

Difficulty Level: Easy

38. What distinguishes minimum security institutions from low security institutions?

A. the staff-to-inmate ratio is higher in low security institutions

B. the perimeter fencing is more secure in minimum security institutions

C. low security institutions have electronic detection systems

D. minimum security institutions have cell-type housing

Learning Objective: 12-4: Explain the basic structure and function of the federal prison system.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Federal Prisons

Difficulty Level: Medium

39. Rachel is incarcerated at an institution that has the following features: reinforced walls, cell-type housing, and the highest staff-to-inmate ratio when compared to other institutions. What is the security level of the institution where she is incarcerated?

A. low security

B. medium security

C. high security

D. correctional complex

Learning Objective: 12-4: Explain the basic structure and function of the federal prison system.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Federal Prisons

Difficulty Level: Hard

40. Federal sentencing guidelines went into effect in 1987. Since then, what is the maximum amount of days that can be subtracted from a federal sentence each year?

A. 20

B. 54

C. 65

D. 75

Learning Objective: 12-4: Explain the basic structure and function of the federal prison system.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Federal Prisons

Difficulty Level: Easy

41. Sheldon is incarcerated in a small, minimum-security satellite camp located outside of a larger medium-security institution. Which of the following terms describes the place where Sheldon is incarcerated?

A. privately managed complex

B. community-based complex

C. medium-security complex

D. federal correctional complex

Learning Objective: 12-4: Explain the basic structure and function of the federal prison system.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Federal Prisons

Difficulty Level: Hard

42. All of the following are criteria used by the Federal Bureau of Prisons to classify pay grades for employees EXCEPT ______.
A. general schedule

B. level of difficulty

C. level of responsibility

D. qualifications

Learning Objective: 12-4: Explain the basic structure and function of the federal prison system.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Federal Prisons

Difficulty Level: Easy

43. Which of the following is a prison where offenders rarely leave their cells, eat meals alone, and do not participate in educational or vocational programs?

A. medium security

B. supermax

C. high security

D. maximum security

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Supermax Prisons

Difficulty Level: Hard

44. Which of the following is among the concerns about the use of supermax prisons?

A. Lack of access to vocational and educational programs.

B. Lack of access to visitors from the outside.

C. Lack of access to others for social or group activities.

D. Lack of access to religious services.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Supermax Prisons

Difficulty Level: Easy

45. Which of the following is true of supermax prisons when compared to high-security prisons?

A. Supermax prisons have more work opportunities than high-security prisons.

B. High-security prisons have more heavily fortified perimeter fences than supermax prisons.

C. High-security prisons have fewer vocational training programs than supermax prisons.

D. Supermax prisons typically allow no social activity of any kind, while high-security prisons still allow for social interaction between inmates.

Learning Objective: 12-5: Describe how supermax prisons function, how they differ from other prisons, and findings concerning their effects on inmates and constitutionality.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Supermax Prisons

Difficulty Level: Medium

46. Supermax prisons do not offer vocational programs, educational opportunities, or even social activity of any kind. Based on what you’ve learned in this chapter, which type of organizational philosophy do supermax prisons exemplify?

A. custodial

B. treatment

C. classification

D. rehabilitation

Learning Objective: 12-5: Describe how supermax prisons function, how they differ from other prisons, and findings concerning their effects on inmates and constitutionality.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Supermax Prisons

Difficulty Level: Hard

47. Supermax prisons have all of the following effects on inmates EXCEPT ______.

A. increased sleep disturbances

B. increased claustrophobia

C. decreased anger

D. decreased anxiety

Learning Objective: 12-5: Describe how supermax prisons function, how they differ from other prisons, and findings concerning their effects on inmates and constitutionality.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Supermax Prisons

Difficulty Level: Easy

48. Which court case concluded that supermax prisons were not appropriate for inmates who suffered from serious mental illnesses?

A. Madrid v. Gomez

B. Jones-El v. Berge

C. Gideon v. Wainwright

D. Griffin v. Illinois

Learning Objective: 12-5: Describe how supermax prisons function, how they differ from other prisons, and findings concerning their effects on inmates and constitutionality.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Supermax Prisons

Difficulty Level: Easy

49. Which of the following describes a correctional institution in which publicly owned prison facilities are operated by a private company?

A. state prison

B. managed prison

C. supermax prison

D. private prison

Learning Objective: 12-6: Define and review the operation of private, for-profit prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Private Prisons

Difficulty Level: Easy

50. Which of the following are most likely to be detained in private prisons?

A. state prison inmates

B. federal prisoners

C. state jail inmates

D. immigrant detainees

Learning Objective: 12-6: Define and review the operation of private, for-profit prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Private Prisons

Difficulty Level: Medium

51. Which of the following is true of the relationship between arguments made by proponents and opponents of prison privatization and the findings of the 2016 inspector general’s report comparing private prisons and public prisons in the federal system?

A. Opponents argued that private prisons would not be guaranteed to uphold public standards, but the report found that there was no difference between the standards of care between federal public and private prisons.

B. In contrast to proponent arguments that private prisons would be more cost-effective, private prisons at the federal level were found to have higher operational costs.

C. The report confirmed the proponent argument that private prisons would be less costly than public prisons.

D. The report confirmed the opponent argument that no one would maintain security when private employees went on strike.

Learning Objective: 12-6: Define and review the operation of private, for-profit prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Private Prisons

Difficulty Level: Medium

52. Which of the following institutions is primarily responsible for to holding accused law violators who are awaiting trial and to hold those persons convicted of lesser offenses?

A. jails

B. prisons

C. parole

D. penitentiaries

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Jails as Organizations

Difficulty Level: Easy

53. Jail organizations are determined by several factors, including each of the following EXCEPT ______.

A. level of crowding

B. local views

C. local police operations

D. education of the jail administrator

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Jails as Organizations

Difficulty Level: Easy

54. Which features would reflect the design of “new-generation” jails?

A. a distinct barrier between inmates and staff

B. padded carpets and movable furniture

C. high-resolution cameras for better inmate monitoring

D. cell phones and tablets for inmates to use

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Jails as Organizations

Difficulty Level: Easy

55. Which of the following characteristics distinguishes jails from prisons?

A. Prisons are the only corrections institution that holds people who are awaiting trial.

B. Jails hold people who have been charged with more serious offenses, as well as those awaiting trial.

C. Prisons hold people serving sentences for minor convictions.

D. Jails typically hold people serving sentences of a year or less for misdemeanor convictions.

Learning Objective: 12-7: Review how jails are organized and constructed, including the new generation jail.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Jails as Organizations

Difficulty Level: Medium

56. All of the following factors influences jail organization EXCEPT ______.

A. size

B. staff-to-inmate ratio

C. budget

D. level of crowding

Learning Objective: 12-7: Review how jails are organized and constructed, including the new generation jail.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Jails as Organizations

Difficulty Level: Easy

57. Removal of symbols of incarceration, movable furniture, and close monitoring of bathroom and shower areas are all facility features of new generation/direct supervision jails that are meant to do which of the following?

A. cooperate with court-ordered improvements for inmates based on findings that traditional facilities violated the constitutional rights of prisoners

B. increase the privileges of offenders

C. reduce the trauma of incarceration

D. reduce the interaction of staff and inmates

Learning Objective: 12-7: Review how jails are organized and constructed, including the new generation jail.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Jails as Organizations

Difficulty Level: Medium

58. Which configuration of new generation/direct supervision jails features inmate cells arranged around a dayroom with an officer permanently station with inmates?

A. podular/direct supervision jails

B. linear/intermittent supervision jails

C. podular/remote supervision jails

D. linear/remote supervision jails

Learning Objective: 12-7: Review how jails are organized and constructed, including the new generation jail.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Jails as Organizations

Difficulty Level: Hard

59. Compared to most prisons, local jails consider rehabilitation programs to be ______.

A. primary goals

B. secondary goals

C. tertiary goals

D. unimportant to the mission of the organization

Learning Objective: 12-7: Review how jails are organized and constructed, including the new generation jail.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Jails as Organizations

Difficulty Level: Medium

60. What is the term for a low security level inmate?

A. trusted offender

B. exempt detainee

C. trusty

D. privileged inmate

Learning Objective: 12-7: Review how jails are organized and constructed, including the new generation jail.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Jails as Organizations

Difficulty Level: Easy

61. Which innovative correctional facility was created in response to the increase in inmate lawsuits regarding deplorable conditions?

A. prison industries

B. correctional complexes

C. supermax prisons

D. new generation/direct supervision jails

Learning Objective: 12-7: Review how jails are organized and constructed, including the new generation jail.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Jails as Organizations

Difficulty Level: Medium

62. What was the impact of the 1984 Justice Assistance Act?
A. It ensured that inmates would serve the entire sentence they were given.

B. It removed restrictions on interstate commerce of prisoner-made goods.

C. It allowed inmates to sue correctional facilities for mistreatment.

D. It permitted states to privatize prisons.

Learning Objective: 12-7: Review how jails are organized and constructed, including the new generation jail.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Jails as Organizations

Difficulty Level: Medium

63. What is the benefit of officers providing privileges and activities for inmates in new generation/direct supervision jails?

A. increases good behavior and reduces idleness

B. allows inmates to develop hierarchies and enjoy the benefits of higher status

C. improves mental health outcomes for inmates

D. increases the length of time visitors are willing to stay during visits

Learning Objective: 12-7: Review how jails are organized and constructed, including the new generation jail.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Jails as Organizations

Difficulty Level: Medium

64. One outcome of new generation/direct supervision jails is that they ______.

A. reduce the trauma of incarceration

B. increase sexual assaults

C. increase tension in the unit

D. reduce control exerted by correctional staff

Learning Objective: 12-7: Review how jails are organized and constructed, including the new generation jail.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Jails as Organizations

Difficulty Level: Medium

65. What is the benefit of virtual visits to medical facilities for correctional inmates?

A. It is a cost-effective way to deal with numerous inmate medical complaints.

B. It alleviates public safety concerns with physically transporting inmates to medical facilities.

C. It allows prisons to comply with requirements to provide medical services to inmates.

D. It eliminates the need for medical staff at the prison.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Technologies in Correctional Facilities: The Good and the Bad

Difficulty Level: Easy

66. Why are prisons concerned with the potential of inmates gaining possession of cell phones within the facility?

A. Inmates can arrange for assassination and harassment of victims.

B. Inmates can access pornography.

C. Inmates can engage in identity theft.

D. Inmates fight over phones so they can contact loved ones.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Technologies in Correctional Facilities: The Good and the Bad

Difficulty Level: Easy

67. What are the purposes of technologies in correctional facilities?

A. to ease overcrowding

B. to reduce recidivism and ease the stigma of incarceration

C. to improve safety, efficiency, and effectiveness

D. to increase technological literacy in inmates

Learning Objective: 12-8: Describe some of the technologies now in use in corrections.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Technologies in Correctional Facilities: The Good and the Bad

Difficulty Level: Medium

68. All of the following are examples of daily reports available to jail administrators with computer assistance, EXCEPT ______.

A. court schedules

B. inmate rosters

C. maintenance costs

D. status of inmate appeals

Learning Objective: 12-8: Describe some of the technologies now in use in corrections.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Technologies in Correctional Facilities: The Good and the Bad

Difficulty Level: Easy

69. What technology has improved public safety by reducing inmate visits to hospitals and courtrooms?

A. remote electrocardiograms

B. videoconferencing technology

C. retinal scans

D. social media

Learning Objective: 12-8: Describe some of the technologies now in use in corrections.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Technologies in Correctional Facilities: The Good and the Bad

Difficulty Level: Easy

70. What is an outcome of correctional institutions transitioning to a video visitation system as opposed to an in-person visitation system?

A. decreases in inmate mental health

B. increases in costs due to expanded staff training

C. increased inmate tension

D. Reduced risk of contraband

Learning Objective: 12-8: Describe some of the technologies now in use in corrections.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Technologies in Correctional Facilities: The Good and the Bad

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. Jails and prisons are essentially the same, with no distinguishing features between the two.

Learning Objective: 12-1: Define the different types of correctional institutions and their purposes.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Correctional Facilities as Organizations

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Jails are long-term holding facilities designed to house sentenced felony offenders.

Learning Objective: 12-1: Define the different types of correctional institutions and their purposes.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Correctional Facilities as Organizations

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Prisons are generally operated by state or federal governments, while jails are typically operated by a county sheriff's department.

Learning Objective: 12-1: Define the different types of correctional institutions and their purposes.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Correctional Facilities as Organizations

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. For some, incarceration is not a punishment; instead, it can be considered a lifestyle improvement.

Learning Objective: 12-2: Review some of the factors that contribute to recent declines in prison and jail populations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Why the Declining Correctional Populations?

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Custodial organizations emphasize the caretaker function of corrections, such as controlling and observing inmates.

Learning Objective: 12-2: Review some of the factors that contribute to recent declines in prison and jail populations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Why the Declining Correctional Populations?

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. An inmate’s program classification determines where the inmate should be placed for work, treatment, and training programs.

Learning Objective: 12-2: Review some of the factors that contribute to recent declines in prison and jail populations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Why the Declining Correctional Populations?

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Most prison industries are self-supporting and use no tax dollars to run the programs.

Learning Objective: 12-3: Explain the basic structure and function of state prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: State Prisons as Organizations

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. The largest department in a prison is the correctional security department.

Learning Objective: 12-3: Explain the basic structure and function of state prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: State Prisons as Organizations

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Medium-security correctional institutions are also known as U.S. penitentiaries.

Learning Objective: 12-4: Explain the basic structure and function of the federal prison system.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Federal Prisons

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Parole was abolished in the federal system in 1987.

Learning Objective: 12-4: Explain the basic structure and function of the federal prison system.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Federal Prisons

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Maximum-security prisons represent the most secure form of incarceration in the United States.

Learning Objective: 12-5: Describe how supermax prisons function, how they differ from other prisons, and findings concerning their effects on inmates and constitutionality.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Supermax Prisons

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. Among the concerns related to supermax prisons is the high degree of isolation and the constitutionality of such institutions.

Learning Objective: 12-5: Describe how supermax prisons function, how they differ from other prisons, and findings concerning their effects on inmates and constitutionality.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Supermax Prisons

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. The inspector general’s report found that private prisons had higher instances of safety and security violations compared to publicly-funded prisons in the federal system.

Learning Objective: 12-6: Define and review the operation of private, for-profit prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Private Prisons

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. The primary purposes of prisons are to hold people accused of crimes until their court dates and to hold people convicted of lesser offenses who were sentenced to less than one year of incarceration.

Learning Objective: 12-7: Review how jails are organized and constructed, including the new generation jail.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Jails as Organizations

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. The Safe Prisons Communications Act, which was signed into law in 2009, allows prisons to jam wireless telephone communication signals in an effort to combat inmate use of cell phones.

Learning Objective: 12-8: Describe some of the technologies now in use in corrections.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Technologies in Correctional Facilities: The Good and the Bad

Difficulty Level: Easy

Short Answer

1. Distinguish which level of government runs jails versus prisons.

Learning Objective: 12-1: Define the different types of correctional institutions and their purposes.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Correctional Facilities as Organizations

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Discuss some of the factors that affect prison and jail populations.

Learning Objective: 12-2: Review some of the factors that contribute to recent declines in prison and jail populations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Why the Declining Correctional Populations?

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Discuss how the legal and ethical responsibility of a correctional supervisor is greater than for supervisors in other types of organizations.

Learning Objective: 12-2: Review some of the factors that contribute to recent declines in prison and jail populations.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Why the Declining Correctional Populations?

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Identify the two management subsystems correctional agencies use to achieve their goals.

Learning Objective: 12-2: Review some of the factors that contribute to recent declines in prison and jail populations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Why the Declining Correctional Populations?

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Distinguish between custodial and treatment organizations in corrections.

Learning Objective: 12-2: Review some of the factors that contribute to recent declines in prison and jail populations.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Why the Declining Correctional Populations?

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Describe how incarceration might be considered a step up for some offenders.

Learning Objective: 12-2: Review some of the factors that contribute to recent declines in prison and jail populations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Why the Declining Correctional Populations?

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. List and describe the five different security levels designated by the federal Bureau of Prisons.

Learning Objective: 12-4: Explain the basic structure and function of the federal prison system.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Federal Prisons

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Explain how “supermax” prisons are different from other prisons.

Learning Objective: 12-5: Describe how supermax prisons function, how they differ from other prisons, and findings concerning their effects on inmates and constitutionality.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Supermax Prisons

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Identify arguments for and against the privatization of prisons.

Learning Objective: 12-6: Define and review the operation of private, for-profit prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Private Prisons

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Describe how “new-generation” jails are organized and constructed.

Learning Objective: 12-7: Review how jails are organized and constructed, including the new generation jail.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Jails as Organizations

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Contrast the major differences between jails and prisons.

Learning Objective: 12-1: Define the different types of correctional institutions and their purposes.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Correctional Facilities as Organizations

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Identify the impact of mass incarceration on individuals, their families, and society at large.

Learning Objective: 12-2: Review some of the factors that contribute to recent declines in prison and jail populations.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Why the Declining Correctional Populations?

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Discuss the evolution of prisons in the United States, including major reform efforts.

Learning Objective: 12-3: Explain the basic structure and function of state prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: State Prisons as Organizations

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. Analyze the controversies surrounding supermax prisons involving the impact on prisoners and their constitutionality.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Supermax Prisons
Difficulty Level: Medium

15. Discuss some of the technologies used in corrections today.

Learning Objective: 12-8: Describe some of the technologies now in use in corrections.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Technologies in Correctional Facilities: The Good and the Bad

Difficulty Level: Medium