Exam Questions Ch10 Substance Use Disorders

CHAPTER 10

Substance Use Disorders

Question Type: Multiple Choice

1. DSM-5 refers to the pathological use of substances as

a) substance abuse.

b) substance dependence.

c) substance use disorder.

d) substance addiction.

Section Reference: Overview: Substance Use by the Numbers

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe substance use disorder and its symptoms.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

2. In the United States, the substance most frequently used is

a) alcohol.

b) marijuana.

c) opiates.

d) cocaine.

Section Reference: Overview: Substance Use by the Numbers

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe substance use disorder and its symptoms.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

3. In the United States, the illicit substance most frequently used is

a) alcohol.

b) marijuana.

c) opiates.

d) cocaine.

Section Reference: Overview: Substance Use by the Numbers

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe substance use disorder and its symptoms.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

4. In 2018, how many people in the United States over the age of 12 reported having used an illicit drug in the past month?

a) about 23 million

b) about 26 million

c) about 29 million

d) about 32 million

Section Reference: Overview: Substance Use by the Numbers

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe substance use disorder and its symptoms.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

5. In 2018, how many Americans over the age of 12 reported at least one episode of binge drinking in the previous 30 days?

a) about 22 million

b) about 32 million

c) about 67 million

d) about 140 million

Section Reference: Overview: Substance Use by the Numbers

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe substance use disorder and its symptoms.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

6. The negative physical and psychological effects that develop when a person stops taking a regularly used substance or reduces the amount taken are called

a) withdrawal.

b) tolerance.

c) dependence.

d) cravings.

Section Reference: Overview: Substance Use by the Numbers

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe substance use disorder and its symptoms.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

7. In 2018, approximately what percentage of Americans aged 12 and older reported using alcohol at least once in the previous 30 days?

a) 37%

b) 51.1%

c) 63%

d) 82.5%

Section Reference: Overview: Substance Use by the Numbers

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe substance use disorder and its symptoms.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

8. Catherine has been unable to obtain or use crack for several weeks because she has had no money. She went through withdrawal symptoms when she was unable to take her usual dose. She craves the drug all the time and is constantly searching for ways to get some. Her efforts to obtain crack have seriously interfered with her ability to work and take care of her children. Which of the following DSM-5 diagnoses would best fit Catherine’s symptoms?

a) substance abuse

b) substance use disorder

c) substance dependence

d) Catherine does not qualify for a diagnosis since she has not used the drug for the last several weeks.

Section Reference: Overview: Substance Use by the Numbers

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe substance use disorder and its symptoms.

Bloomcode: Application

9. Carlos suddenly stopped using alcohol after many years of chronic, heavy drinking. He became very ill and died. His death is an example of severe

a) substance dependence.

b) substance abuse.

c) withdrawal symptoms.

d) synergistic effects.

Section Reference: Overview: Substance Use by the Numbers

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe substance use disorder and its symptoms.

Bloomcode: Application

10. Wanda drinks frequently and requires more alcohol now than she did 6 months ago to achieve the same effect. She reports that she can outdrink most people. Wanda is probably

a) experiencing symptoms of alcohol withdrawal.

b) becoming tolerant to alcohol.

c) acquiring the ability to modulate her drinking.

d) deluding herself, since this is not physically possible.

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana Use Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use disorders.

Bloomcode: Application

11. Delirium tremens refers to the symptoms associated with

a) the heavy use of club drugs.

b) an overdose of heroin.

c) sudden withdrawal from alcohol.

d) the initial rush from crack.

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

12. Delirium tremens may result from

a) a sudden drop in alcohol levels in a chronic heavy drinker.

b) high doses of alcohol in a person who has not previously drunk heavily.

c) high doses of alcohol in a chronic heavy drinker.

d) All of the above can cause the symptoms of delirium tremens.

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

13. Which inhibitory neurotransmitter, also affected by benzodiazepines, has been implicated in alcohol tolerance?

a) serotonin

b) dopamine

c) norepinephrine

d) GABA

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

14. In states that have legalized marijuana for recreational use, college students

a) are less likely to binge drink.

b) tend to drink more heavily while also using marijuana.

c) seem relatively disinterested in using marijuana and still use alcohol frequently and heavily.

d) maintain the same patterns of alcohol use as before legalization.

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

15. Alcohol use disorder is highest among

a) Asian Americans.

b) African Americans.

c) White Americans.

d) Native Americans and Alaska Natives.

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use disorders.

Bloomcode: Comprehension

16. Alcohol is metabolized by the

a) small intestine.

b) liver.

c) gall bladder.

d) pancreas.

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

17. Which of the following individuals will be most affected by drinking 2 ounces of alcohol?

a) a 150-pound woman who just ate a pizza

b) a 150-pound man who has an empty stomach

c) a 125-pound woman who has an empty stomach

d) a 125-pound man who just ate a pizza

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana Use Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use disorders.

Bloomcode: Application

18. The cognitive effects of alcohol intoxication, such as slowed thinking and memory loss, appear to be due to its effects on

a) GABA levels.

b) dopamine receptors.

c) serotonin levels.

d) glutamate receptors.

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

19. Cirrhosis of the liver due to alcohol abuse is characterized by

a) liver cells becoming engorged with fat and protein.

b) an increased efficiency of alcohol absorption.

c) markedly increased efficiency of blood flow to the liver.

d) increased release of glycogen from liver stores.

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

20. Heavy drinking is defined as consuming

a) five drinks in a short period of time.

b) seven drinks in a short period of time.

c) seven drinks on the same occasion five or more times in a 30-day period.

d) five drinks on the same occasion five or more times in a 30-day period.

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

21. Pregnant women have been encouraged by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism to

a) totally abstain from drinking.

b) not alter their drinking habits.

c) drink occasionally, but only during the third trimester of pregnancy.

d) reduce their drinking to no more than one drink a day.

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

22. How much alcohol can be safely consumed during pregnancy?

a) none

b) about one drink per week

c) about two drinks per week

d) one drink per day, except during the last trimester

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use disorders.

Bloomcode: Comprehension

23. One drink of alcohol is considered to be

a) 3 ounces of wine.

b) 4 ounces of wine.

c) 5 ounces of wine.

d) 6 ounces of wine.

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

24. How much hard liquor is considered to be one drink of alcohol?

a) 1 ounce

b) 1.5 ounces

c) 2 ounces

d) 5 ounces

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

25. How much beer is considered to be one drink of alcohol?

a) 8 ounces

b) 12 ounces

c) 16 ounces

d) 20 ounces

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

26. Nicotine is the addictive substance in

a) marijuana.

b) hashish.

c) tobacco.

d) cocaine.

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

27. Nicotine ultimately interacts with which neurotransmitter system, which has been implicated in the reinforcing effects of smoking?

a) muscarine

b) dopamine

c) GABA

d) serotonin

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

28. Results from a longitudinal study involving close to 300,000 people found that those who smoked as little as how many cigarettes per day were more likely to die from any cause than those who never smoked?

a) as little as one cigarette per day

b) as little as two cigarettes per day

c) as little as three cigarettes per day

d) as little as four cigarettes per day

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

29. The Surgeon General has stated that the best way of preventing exposure to secondhand smoke is to

a) promote smoke-free environments.

b) restrict the number of smoke breaks smokers can take.

c) create smoking-only sections in indoor spaces.

d) encourage smokers to wait at the door while finishing smoking.

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

30. What is the safe level of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke?

a) There is no really safe level of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke.

b) Light exposure every day is not problematic.

c) Moderate exposure several times a week is safe.

d) Exposure is dangerous only for people with pre-existing conditions.

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

31. According to the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, e-cigarettes

a) are more toxic than traditional combustible cigarettes.

b) may help adults who want to quit smoking cigarettes.

c) decrease the likelihood that adolescents will transition to smoking cigarettes.

d). do not produce dangerous secondhand aerosols.

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana Use Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use disorders.

Bloomcode: Analysis

32. Hashish is

a) derived from resin after smoking marijuana.

b) derived from resin from cannabis plants.

c) based on a mixture of marijuana and heroin.

d) milder than marijuana.

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

33. Marijuana comes from which plant?

a) Cannabis sativa

b) Cannabis marija

c) Cannabis requia

d) Cannabis hempa

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use disorders.

34. Among high school students, vaping of marijuana

a) is still very uncommon due to concerns about contaminants.

b) is more common among girls than among boys.

c) has steadily decreased over the past 5 years.

d) increased dramatically in 2019.

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana Use Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use disorders.

Bloomcode: Analysis

35. How does cannabidiol (CBD) differ from delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)?

a) CBD is associated with anxiety reduction and THC is not.

b) CBD has psychoactive effects but THC does not.

c) THC is associated with feeling high and CBD is not.

d) THC is a cannabinoid but CBD is not.

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use disorders.

Bloomcode: Comprehension

36. Longitudinal studies of marijuana use indicate that

a) while marijuana affects memory function, it does not affect other areas of cognition.

b) occasional marijuana use is not associated with impairment on neuropsychological tests.

c) using enough marijuana to get high has little effect on complex motor skills.

d) even infrequent use of marijuana produces significant decreases in IQ scores.

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

37. Recent research regarding marijuana use suggests that

a) marijuana is not at all addictive.

b) tolerance to marijuana can develop.

c) there are clearly withdrawal symptoms when someone stops using marijuana.

d) it is not as dangerous as previously believed.

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

38. Smoking marijuana has been shown to

a) seriously impair lung structure and function.

b) cause fatal heart attacks in healthy young men.

c) lead to strokes and other blood-clotting abnormalities.

d) have no significant physically deleterious effects.

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

39. Medical marijuana is useful for alleviating

a) a wide range of physical and psychological disorders.

b) physical but not psychological disorders.

c) psychological but not physical disorders.

d) neither physical nor psychological disorders, as it has only a placebo effect.

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

40. Heroin is broadly classified as a(n)

a) hallucinogen.

b) opioid.

c) stimulant.

d) anxiolytic.

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Opioid, Stimulant, and Other Drug Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with opioid, stimulant, and other drug use disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

41. The recent surge in deaths associated with opioid use, which began in 2013, is primarily due to

a) legally obtained prescription opioids.

b) illegally obtained synthetic opioids.

c) heroin.

d) hydrocodone and oxycodone.

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Opioid, Stimulant, and Other Drug Use Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with opioid, stimulant, and other drug use disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

42. After taking a certain drug, Mark feels an initial rush of pleasure, has great self-confidence, and has lost all his worries and fears. At the same time, he feels drowsy and relaxed. Which of the following drugs is Mark most likely to have taken?

a) heroin

b) alcohol

c) marijuana

d) cocaine

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Opioid, Stimulant, and Other Drug Use Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with opioid, stimulant, and other drug use disorders.

Bloomcode: Application

43. After the effects of opioids wear off, the user typically

a) feels drowsy.

b) becomes extremely hungry.

c) experiences a letdown, often almost a stupor.

d) has a heightened sense of awareness.

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Opioid, Stimulant, and Other Drug Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with opioid, stimulant, and other drug use disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

44. Evidence from animal studies suggests that opioids may achieve their pleasurable effects via their action in the

a) anterior cingulate cortex.

b) hippocampus.

c) nucleus accumbens.

d) amygdala.

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Opioid, Stimulant, and Other Drug Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with opioid, stimulant, and other drug use disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

45. Cocaine is classified as a(n)

a) opiate.

b) stimulant.

c) barbiturate.

d) hallucinogen.

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Opioid, Stimulant, and Other Drug Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with opioid, stimulant, and other drug use disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

46. Tim works at a law firm where he is expected to handle a large number of complex cases. To do so, he typically works 80 or more hours a week. He is irritable at work and at home and often has difficulty sleeping. If Tim were taking a drug to help him deal with his workload, it would most likely be a(n)

a) sedative.

b) amphetamine.

c) hallucinogen.

d) pain killer.

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Opioid, Stimulant, and Other Drug Use Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with opioid, stimulant, and other drug use disorders.

Bloomcode: Application

47. Jolynn took a drug that had the following effects: She felt wide-awake and friendly and had no interest in lunch despite not having eaten since the night before. After taking a second dose of the drug, she became nervous and confused and developed a severe headache. Which of the following drugs did Jolynn probably take?

a) alcohol

b) marijuana

c) a barbiturate

d) an amphetamine

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Opioid, Stimulant, and Other Drug Use Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with opioid, stimulant, and other drug use disorders.

Bloomcode: Application

48. Individuals who stop drinking caffeinated coffee may experience withdrawal if they had regularly consumed as little as

a) two cups of coffee a day.

b) three cups of coffee a day.

c) four cups of coffee a day.

d) five cups of coffee a day.

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Opioid, Stimulant, and Other Drug Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with opioid, stimulant, and other drug use disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

49. Chronic use of methamphetamine

a) was condoned (and practiced) by Freud.

b) is rarely correlated with use of other drugs.

c) actually enhances cognitive abilities.

d) may result in reduced volume of the hippocampus.

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Opioid, Stimulant, and Other Drug Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with opioid, stimulant, and other drug use disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

50. One of the difficulties in conducting studies of the specific effects of methamphetamine is that

a) its use is very rare.

b) many users have also used other substances.

c) individuals usually use it only occasionally.

d) most users live in rural areas.

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Opioid, Stimulant, and Other Drug Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with opioid, stimulant, and other drug use disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

51. A form of cocaine in rock-crystal form introduced in the 1980s is called

a) amphetamine.

b) methamphetamine.

c) crack.

d) freebase.

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Opioid, Stimulant, and Other Drug Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with opioid, stimulant, and other drug use disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

52. LSD is a(n)

a) amphetamine.

b) methamphetamine.

c) stimulant.

d) hallucinogen.

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Opioid, Stimulant, and Other Drug Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with opioid, stimulant, and other drug use disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

53. The drug Ecstasy is classified as a

a) stimulant.

b) barbiturate.

c) hallucinogen.

d) form of marijuana.

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Opioid, Stimulant, and Other Drug Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with opioid, stimulant, and other drug use disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

54. After taking a certain drug, Hal began feeling that time was passing very slowly, and he began having profound thoughts about the nature of time and the universe. While this first experience was deeply moving, leading to feelings of elation, the next time Hal tried this drug, he felt anxious and depressed. What drug did Hal probably take?

a) marijuana

b) Ecstasy

c) heroin

d) cocaine

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Opioid, Stimulant, and Other Drug Use Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with opioid, stimulant, and other drug use disorders.

Bloomcode: Application

55. PCP is also known as

a) Ecstasy.

b) meth.

c) special K.

d) angel dust.

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Opioid, Stimulant, and Other Drug Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with opioid, stimulant, and other drug use disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

56. The colorless gas that produces lightheadedness and a state of euphoria is

a) nitrous oxide.

b) nitric oxidase.

c) nitric acid.

d) nitrogen dioxide.

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Opioid, Stimulant, and Other Drug Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with opioid, stimulant, and other drug use disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

57. Evidence from twin studies about substance use disorders suggests that

a) genetic risk factors play a role only with opiates and alcohol.

b) there are genetic risk factors for drug use disorders in general.

c) use of marijuana has no known genetic risk factors.

d) genetic risk is unimportant once environment is accounted for.

Section Reference: Etiology of Substance Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Understand the major causal influences for substance use disorders, including genetic, neurobiological, psychological, and sociocultural influences.

Bloomcode: Comprehension

58. Nearly all drugs, including alcohol, stimulate

a) sensation-seeking pathways.

b) GABA pathways.

c) serotonin systems in the brain.

d) dopamine systems in the brain.

Section Reference: Etiology of Substance Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Understand the major causal influences for substance use disorders, including genetic, neurobiological, psychological, and sociocultural influences.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

59. The incentive-sensitization theory of substance dependence considers

a) cravings for and the pleasure from taking the substance.

b) the extremes a person will go to in order to obtain the substance.

c) the extent of social reinforcement for taking the substance.

d) how much a person likes the substance.

Section Reference: Etiology of Substance Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Understand the major causal influences for substance use disorders, including genetic, neurobiological, psychological, and sociocultural influences.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

60. Among U.S. high school students, which drug is associated with the lowest perceived risk of harm?

a) inhalants

b) club drugs

c) cocaine

d) marijuana

Section Reference: Etiology of Substance Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Understand the major causal influences for substance use disorders, including genetic, neurobiological, psychological, and sociocultural influences.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

61. An important sociocultural variable that has been cited in the increased use of cigarettes is

a) explicit pro-smoking family messages.

b) rebound effects following the end of “Just Say No” campaigns.

c) portrayals in the media and advertising.

d) the restriction in the number of places where one may smoke.

Section Reference: Etiology of Substance Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Understand the major causal influences for substance use disorders, including genetic, neurobiological, psychological, and sociocultural influences.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

62. Often, the first step in treatment for substance use disorders is

a) focusing on sobriety.

b) addressing hygiene.

c) improving nutrition.

d) detoxification.

Section Reference: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the approaches to treating substance use disorders, including psychological treatments, medications, and drug substitution treatments.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

63. Alcoholics Anonymous programs are run by

a) psychiatrists or psychologists.

b) peers or professionals.

c) mental health professionals.

d) trained paraprofessionals.

Section Reference: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the approaches to treating substance use disorders, including psychological treatments, medications, and drug substitution treatments.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

64. The treatment goal of Alcoholics Anonymous is

a) to help people cope with a loved one’s drinking.

b) to change public perceptions of alcohol and alcoholism.

c) to learn to drink socially without becoming drunk.

d) to achieve total abstinence from drinking.

Section Reference: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the approaches to treating substance use disorders, including psychological treatments, medications, and drug substitution treatments.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

65. According to Alcoholics Anonymous, alcoholism

a) is an uncurable disease.

b) is a matter of choice.

c) is a moral failing.

d) is an invented construct.

Section Reference: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the approaches to treating substance use disorders, including psychological treatments, medications, and drug substitution treatments.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

66. The first step of AA’s 12 steps is

a) We admitted we were powerless over alcohol—that our lives had become unmanageable.

b) We came to believe that a power greater than ourselves could restore us to sanity.

c) We made a searching and fearless moral inventory of ourselves.

d) We admitted our addiction to ourselves and others in order to get help.

Section Reference: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the approaches to treating substance use disorders, including psychological treatments, medications, and drug substitution treatments.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

67. Contingency management is a treatment for alcohol dependency that involves

a) reinforcing behaviors inconsistent with drinking.

b) expressing love only when an alcoholic is not drinking.

c) providing tokens for abstaining from drinking.

d) paying people to go to 12-step meetings.

Section Reference: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the approaches to treating substance use disorders, including psychological treatments, medications, and drug substitution treatments.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

68. Jared is receiving guided self-change therapy for his alcohol abuse. He is learning strategies for controlling his behaviors associated with drinking and for controlling his drinking. In such a program, which of the following might occur?

a) encouraging minor behavioral changes

b) promoting strict abstinence

c) recognizing that one is powerless over alcohol

d) utilizing a strict, judgmental approach

Section Reference: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the approaches to treating substance use disorders, including psychological treatments, medications, and drug substitution treatments.

Bloomcode: Application

69. How does Antabuse help individuals with alcohol use disorder?

a) It reduces anxiety during the detoxification period.

b) It helps replace the nutrients lost through malnutrition.

c) It mimics the physiological effects of alcohol.

d) It causes violent vomiting when alcohol is ingested.

Section Reference: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the approaches to treating substance use disorders, including psychological treatments, medications, and drug substitution treatments.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

70. Research suggests that use of Antabuse in treating individuals with alcohol use disorder is

a) effective even when individuals are not committed to abstinence.

b) useful when individuals need a little extra motivation to stay sober.

c) helpful for those who want to try controlled drinking.

d) not effective and has high dropout rates.

Section Reference: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the approaches to treating substance use disorders, including psychological treatments, medications, and drug substitution treatments.

Bloomcode: Comprehension

71. Peer pressure to quit smoking appears

a) to paradoxically increase smoking.

b) to be minimally effective.

c) to be as effective as peer pressure to start smoking.

d) to have no real effect on smoking.

Section Reference: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the approaches to treating substance use disorders, including psychological treatments, medications, and drug substitution treatments.

Bloomcode: Comprehension

72. In the United States, the most widespread psychological treatment for smoking is

a) a physician telling someone to stop smoking.

b) cognitive behavior therapy.

c) psychoeducation.

d) support groups run by peers or professionals.

Section Reference: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the approaches to treating substance use disorders, including psychological treatments, medications, and drug substitution treatments.

Bloomcode: Analysis

73. A drawback of nicotine gum is that

a) the flavor is extremely unpleasant.

b) it can be dangerous for people with cardiovascular diseases.

c) it causes people to quit smoking too quickly.

d) most people are unable to quit using the gum.

Section Reference: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the approaches to treating substance use disorders, including psychological treatments, medications, and drug substitution treatments.

Bloomcode: Analysis

74. Evidence suggests that nicotine replacement therapy is

a) highly effective as a primary treatment.

b) largely ineffective even as a supplement to other programs.

c) moderately effective, as side effects cause many to discontinue it.

d) not a panacea and not effective with adolescents.

Section Reference: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the approaches to treating substance use disorders, including psychological treatments, medications, and drug substitution treatments.

Bloomcode: Analysis

75. Which of the following medications have been used to reduce smoking?

a) antidepressants

b) anxiolytics

c) stimulants

d) acetaminophen

Section Reference: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the approaches to treating substance use disorders, including psychological treatments, medications, and drug substitution treatments.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

76. Which of the following is considered central to helping people with a substance use disorder?

a) helping them identify why they began to use drugs

b) detoxification

c) helping them understand why the drug is not good for them

d) committing to abstinence

Section Reference: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the approaches to treating substance use disorders, including psychological treatments, medications, and drug substitution treatments.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

77. Studies of contingency management for cocaine abuse find that it is

a) largely ineffective.

b) less effective than pharmacological interventions.

c) associated with a greater likelihood of abstinence.

d) inconsistent and somewhat unpredictable in its effects.

Section Reference: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the approaches to treating substance use disorders, including psychological treatments, medications, and drug substitution treatments.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

78. A difficulty in studying residential treatment programs for drug abuse is that

a) most residences are secretive and unwilling to allow research activity.

b) typical clients in such settings are not severely addicted.

c) clients who complete residential programs are not representative of the population of people with substance use disorders.

d) clients stay at these facilities for a long period of time, making it difficult to obtain an adequate number of participants.

Section Reference: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: Describe the approaches to treating substance use disorders, including psychological treatments, medications, and drug substitution treatments.

Bloomcode: Evaluation

79. Pharmacologic treatment for opiate addiction often involves

a) ibuprofen.

b) antidepressants.

c) methadone.

d) antipsychotics.

Section Reference: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the approaches to treating substance use disorders, including psychological treatments, medications, and drug substitution treatments.

Bloomcode: Analysis

80. What is an advantage of using Suboxone for the treatment of opiate use disorder?

a) It is taken only under direct supervision.

b) The effects last longer than those of methadone.

c) Individuals have to visit a clinic to receive it.

d) It carries no risk of addiction.

Section Reference: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the approaches to treating substance use disorders, including psychological treatments, medications, and drug substitution treatments.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

81. Awareness of and agreement with accurate factual statements about the health and social effects of smoking

a) are associated with less smoking among adolescents.

b) have shown little promise in delaying the onset of smoking.

c) actually increase smoking in young people.

d) are less effective than resistance training, such as DARE.

Section Reference: Prevention of Substance Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the major approaches to preventing substance use disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

82. Brief family interventions like the Strengthening Families Program and the five-session Preparing for the Drug-Free Years have been found to

a) affect the use of illicit drugs but not of legal substances.

b) have virtually no impact on any sort of substance use.

c) help parents but not their offspring with reduction of substance use.

d) forestall the onset of nicotine and alcohol use among teens.

Section Reference: Prevention of Substance Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the major approaches to preventing substance use disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

Question Type: True/False

83. True or false? In DSM-5, gambling disorder is considered to be an impulse control disorder.

a) True

b) False

Section Reference: Overview: Substance Use by the Numbers

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe substance use disorder and its symptoms.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

Question Type: Short Answer

84. Why was gambling disorder moved to the chapter on substance use disorders in DSM-5?

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana Use Disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use disorders.

Bloomcode: Knowledge

85. Identify and describe at least two personality characteristics associated with increased risk of developing a substance use disorder.

Section Reference: Etiology of Substance Use Disorders

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: Understand the major causal influences for substance use disorders, including genetic, neurobiological, psychological, and sociocultural influences.

Bloomcode: Evaluation

Question Type: Essay

86. Discuss the impact of legalizing marijuana on rates of substance use and substance use disorders.

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana Use Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use disorders.

Bloomcode: Analysis

87. Critique the claim that marijuana is a gateway drug.

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana Use Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use disorders.

Bloomcode: Evaluation

88. Describe the cause and effects of fetal alcohol syndrome.

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana Use Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use disorders.

Bloomcode: Comprehension

89. Describe the changes over time in the use of both illicit and prescription opioids.

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Opioid, Stimulant, and Other Drug Use Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with opioid, stimulant, and other drug use disorders.

Bloomcode: Synthesis

90. Identify and discuss two hallucinogen-like drugs.

Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions: Opioid, Stimulant, and Other Drug Use Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the epidemiology and symptoms associated with opioid, stimulant, and other drug use disorders.

Bloomcode: Synthesis

91. Discuss the relationship between the regulation of emotions and substance use disorders.

Section Reference: Etiology of Substance Use Disorders

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: Understand the major causal influences for substance use disorders, including genetic, neurobiological, psychological, and sociocultural influences.

Bloomcode: Synthesis

92. Identify and discuss two sociocultural variables that impact drug use today.

Section Reference: Etiology of Substance Use Disorders

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: Understand the major causal influences for substance use disorders, including genetic, neurobiological, psychological, and sociocultural influences.

Bloomcode: Synthesis

93. Contrast biological and psychological treatments for alcohol use disorder.

Section Reference: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: Describe the approaches to treating substance use disorders, including psychological treatments, medications, and drug substitution treatments.

Bloomcode: Synthesis

94. Explain why substance use disorder is so resistant to treatment and is associated with such high relapse rates.

Section Reference: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: Describe the approaches to treating substance use disorders, including psychological treatments, medications, and drug substitution treatments.

Bloomcode: Evaluation

95. Describe the controversy surrounding controlled drinking.

Section Reference: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: Describe the approaches to treating substance use disorders, including psychological treatments, medications, and drug substitution treatments.

Bloomcode: Evaluation

96. Discuss the use of medication in smoking cessation.

Section Reference: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: Describe the approaches to treating substance use disorders, including psychological treatments, medications, and drug substitution treatments.

Bloomcode: Synthesis

97. What controversies have surrounded the use of methadone treatment for heroin addiction? What are some alternative treatments?

Section Reference: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the approaches to treating substance use disorders, including psychological treatments, medications, and drug substitution treatments.

Bloomcode: Analysis

98. Describe the purpose, premise, and effectiveness of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA).

Section Reference: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: Describe the approaches to treating substance use disorders, including psychological treatments, medications, and drug substitution treatments.

Bloomcode: Evaluation

99. Describe efforts to prevent alcohol use and smoking among adolescents. What programs have worked, and what do they have in common?

Section Reference: Prevention of Substance Use Disorders

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the major approaches to preventing substance use disorders.

Bloomcode: Analysis