Exam Prep Why Philosophy? Chapter 1

Chapter 1: Why Philosophy?

Test Bank

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 Question 01

1) The term philosophy is derived from Greeks words meaning love of __________.

a. knowledge

b. truth

c. wonder

d. wisdom

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 Question 02

2) The four main divisions of philosophy are metaphysics, epistemology, logic, and __________.

a. bioethics

b. axiology

c. aesthetics

d. categorical logic

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 Question 03

3) Axiology is the study of moral and __________ value.

a. economic

b. political

c. aesthetic

d. theoretical

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 Question 04

4) Philosophers refer to beliefs that logically support other beliefs and constitute a framework for an individual’s entire belief system as __________ beliefs.

a. logical

b. fundamental

c. ultimate

d. basic

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 Question 05

5) Euthyphro, Crito, and Apology are works by the ancient Greek philosopher __________.

a. Socrates

b. Epicurus

c. Aristotle

d. Plato

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 Question 06

6) According to Aristotle, it is owing to __________ that people begin to philosophize.

a. wonder

b. curiosity

c. doubt

d. love

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 Question 07

7) A question-and-answer dialogue in which propositions are methodically scrutinized to uncover the truth is known as __________.

a. an argument

b. the Socratic method

c. the Socratic jest

d. a debate

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 Question 08

8) The systematic use of critical reasoning to try to find answers to fundamental questions about reality, morality, and knowledge is called __________.

a. the argumentative method

b. the philosophical method

c. propositional logic

d. syllogistic reasoning

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 Question 09

9) The study of reality in the broadest sense, an inquiry into the elemental nature of the universe and the things in it, is known as __________.

a. metaphysics

b. epistemology

c. quantum physics

d. axiology

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 Question 10

10) According to Socrates, a clear sign that a person has __________ is her exclusive pursuit of social status, wealth, power, and pleasure.

a. philosophical ambition

b. worldly wisdom

c. exceptional desires

d. an unhealthy soul

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 Question 11

11) A group of statements in which one of them is meant to be supported by the others is a(n) __________.

a. statement

b. argument

c. conclusion

d. appeal

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 Question 12

12) In an argument, the statement being supported is the conclusion, and the statements supporting the conclusion are the __________.

a. middle statement

b. persuaders

c. premises

d. substatements

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 Question 13

13) Arguments intended to give logically conclusive support to their conclusions so that if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true are __________.

a. deductive

b. inductive

c. explanatory

d. cogent

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 Question 14

14) Arguments that are supposed to give probable support to their conclusions are __________.

a. valid

b. sound

c. inductive

d. deductive

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 Question 15

15) When we arrive at a generalization about an entire group of things after observing just some members of the group, we are making a(n) __________.

a. analogical induction

b. sound deduction

c. valid inference

d. enumerative induction

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 Question 16

16) In the type of fallacy known as __________, we argue that a particular actions should not be taken because it will lead inevitably to other actions resulting in some dire outcome.

a. appeal to ignorance

b. slippery slope

c. false dilemma

d. begging the question

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 Question 17

17) The fallacy of misrepresenting a person’s views so they can be more easily attacked or dismissed is called the __________.

a. straw man fallacy

b. fallacy of equivocation

c. genetic fallacy

d. appeal to popularity

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 Question 18

18) The fallacy of rejecting a statement on the grounds that it comes from a particular person is known as __________.

a. appeal to ignorance

b. equivocation

c. false dilemma

d. appeal to the person

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 Question 19

19) The fallacy of arguing that a claim must be true simply because many people believe it is known as __________.

a. the appeal to popularity

b. the fallacy of equivocation

c. the genetic fallacy

d. begging the question

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 Question 20

20) The fallacy of __________ is arguing either that (1) a claim is true because it hasn’t been proven false or (2) a claim is false because it hasn’t been proven true.

a. the genetic fallacy

b. appeal to ignorance

c. equivocation

d. slippery slope

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 Question 21

21) The fallacy of __________ is trying to prove a conclusion by using that very same conclusion as support.

a. equivocation

b. composition

c. begging the question

d. false dilemma

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 Question 22

22) The fallacy of __________ is arguing erroneously that what can be said of the whole can be said of the parts.

a. division

b. false dilemma

c. equivocation

d. straw man

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 Question 23

23) __________ is the fallacy of arguing erroneously that since there are only two alternatives to choose from, and one of them is unacceptable, the other one must be true.

a. Equivocation

b. Composition

c. Division

d. False dilemma

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 Question 24

24) A good argument must have (1) solid logic and (2) __________.

a. inductive analogies

b. true premises

c. valid conclusions

d. cogent disjunctions

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 Question 25

25) If inductive arguments succeed in lending probable support to their conclusions, they are said to be __________.

a. valid

b. conclusive

c. strong

d. sound

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 Question 26

26) __________ is the study of knowledge, including its nature and extent.

a. Epistemology

b. Axiology

c. Metaphysics

d. Philosophy of science

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 Question 27

27) The study of correct reasoning is called __________.

a. value theory

b. cognition

c. axiology

d. logic

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 Question 28

28) For Socrates the good of the soul is attained only through an uncompromising search for __________.

a. scientific laws

b. what’s true and real

c. a theory of everything

d. what’s physically necessary

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 Question 29

29) Philosophers provide reasons for thinking their ideas are plausible—that is, they give us __________.

a. arguments

b. mysteries

c. physical symbolism

d. histories

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 Question 30

30) A(n) __________ is an assertion that something is or is not the case and is therefore the kind of utterance that is either true or false.

a. question

b. interjection

c. statement

d. argument

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 01 Question 31

31) Philosophy is of great theoretical value, but offers nothing in the way of practical benefits.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 01 – Question 32

32) Phaedo, Meno, and Gorgias are some of the well-known works of the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 01 Question 33

33) Consequently, thus, and therefore are examples of conclusion indicator words.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 01 Question 34

34) An argument is not synonymous with persuasion.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 01 Question 35

35) In philosophy—and in any other kind of rational inquiry—accepting a conclusion (statement) without good reasons is an elementary mistake in reasoning.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 01 Question 36

36) Persuasion does not necessarily involve giving reasons for accepting a claim.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 01 Question 37

37) A valid argument cannot have a false conclusion.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 01 Question 38

38) If inductive arguments succeed in lending probable support to their conclusions, they are said to be valid.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 01 Question 39

39) An argument requires at least two statements: one premise and one conclusion.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 01 Question 40

40) A valid argument must have true premises.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 01 Question 41

41) A good inductive argument is said to be strong.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 01 Question 42

42) Modus tollens is a valid argument form.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 01 Question 43

43) Affirming the consequent is a valid argument form.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 01 – Question 44

44) An argument of this form—If p, then q; p; therefore, q—is called modus ponens.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 01 Question 45

45) An argument of this form—If p, then q; not p; therefore, not q—is called modus tollens.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 01 Question 46

46) The argument form known as affirming the antecedent is valid.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 01 Question 47

47) This argument form known as modus tollens is valid.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 01 Question 48

48) When you read a philosophical essay, you are simply trying to glean some facts from it as you might if you were reading a science text or technical report.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 01 Question 49

49) The key to identifying an argument in context is to first determine whether the reasoning is correct.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 01 Question 50

50) This classic argument “The Bible says that God exists; the Bible is true because God wrote it; therefore, God exists” is an example of begging the question.

a. True

b. False