Chapter 2 Test Bank The Pre-Socratics And The Sophists

Chapter 2: The Pre-Socratics and the Sophists

Test Bank

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 01

1) Philosophy began in ancient __________ in the sixth century BCE.

a. Egypt

b. Greece

c. China

d. Persia

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 02

2) According to tradition, __________ was the first philosopher.

a. Socrates

b. Anaximander

c. Parmenides

d. Thales

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 03

3) According to Thales, the universe is fundamentally __________.

a. material stuff

b. water

c. fire

d. air

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 04

4) Thales’s great contribution to philosophy and science is (are) his __________, whereby he sought natural and simple explanations for natural phenomena.

a. thought

b. conjecture

c. scientific instruments

d. method

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 05

5) __________ is said to have been a pupil of Thales.

a. Socrates

b. Anaximander

c. Parmenides

d. Heraclitus

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 06

6) Anaximander contends that everything came from a formless, imperishable substance called __________.

a. apeiron

b. water

c. atoms

d. the void

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 07

7) __________ is the central idea of Heraclitus.

a. Apeiron

b. The logos

c. Paradox

d. Atomism

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 08

8) Heraclitus claims that although all things __________, they are really __________.

a. compete; symbiotic

b. move; fluctuating

c. are unchanging; eternal

d. flow; unchanging

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 09

9) According to Heraclitus, we should strive to maintain __________ in our lives.

a. intellectual self-discipline

b. virtuous activity

c. balance and moderation

d. pleasure and the absence of pain

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 10

10) Among other things, Parmenides is famous for his systematic __________.

a. employment of deductive argument

b. employment of inductive argument

c. employment of fallacious argument

d. interpretation of astronomical signs

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 11

11) Parmenides distinguishes between appearance and __________.

a. seeming

b. reality

c. non-being

d. authenticity

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 12

12) Parmenides argues that reality consists of the __________.

a. Infinite

b. Many

c. One

d. Finite

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 13

13) __________ argues that it is impossible to think or talk of “what is not.”

a. Thales

b. Parmenides

c. Heraclitus

d. Democritus

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 14

14) Among the features of reality, according to Parmenides, is __________.

a. uniformity

b. difference

c. instability

d. plurality

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 15

15) According to Parmenides, reality is __________.

a. illusory

b. fluctuating

c. uncreated

d. created

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 16

16) Democritus advances the theory known as ancient __________.

a. monism

b. mechanics

c. relativism

d. atomism

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 17

17) Democritus’s theory includes the view that reality consists of __________ and the void.

a. atoms

b. indestructible composites

c. composites

d. electrons

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 18

18) Democritus posits the void, which is __________.

a. what we today call a black hole

b. an airless space

c. not the same as nothing

d. the same as nothing

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 19

19) Democritus explains events in __________.

a. divine terms

b. terms of predestination

c. terms of human will

d. mechanistic terms

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 20

20) Sophists were __________.

a. public servants

b. poets

c. itinerant professors

d. religious prophets

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 21

21) The Sophists prefer __________ explanations of phenomena.

a. purely deductive

b. divine

c. naturalistic

d. relativistic

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 22

22) According to the Sophists, __________ are determined neither by the gods nor nature.

a. moral codes and scientific explanations

b. scientific explanations and legal codes

c. moral beliefs and legal codes

d. religious beliefs and moral beliefs

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 23

23) __________ famously declared, “Man is the measure of all things.”

a. Protagoras

b. Democritus

c. Zeno

d. Heraclitus

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 24

24) Plato __________ Protagoras’s position.

a. utterly rejects

b. generally endorses

c. completely embraces

d. thoroughly respects

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 25

25) The Sophists were skilled at, among other things, __________.

a. horticulture

b. dentistry

c. animal husbandry

d. rhetoric

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 26

26) __________ asserts, “if it came into being, it is not; nor is it if ever it is going to be.”

a. Anaximander

b. Heraclitus

c. Parmenides

d. Democritus

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 27

27) Zeno supports __________ view with a number of paradoxes.

a. Anaximander’s

b. Heraclitus’

c. Parmenides’

d. Democritus’

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 28

28) __________ is credited with promoting the view that through unaided reason, we can come to know what the world is like.

a. Anaximander

b. Heraclitus

c. Parmenides

d. Democritus

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 29

29) __________ asserts, “Moderation is the greatest virtue.”

a. Anaximander

b. Heraclitus

c. Parmenides

d. Democritus

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 02 Question 30

30) One commonality between Socrates and the Sophists was the latter’s focus on __________ inquiries.

a. astronomical

b. humanistic

c. meteorological

d. metaphysical

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 02 Question 31

31) Thales thought one substance could account for everything in the universe.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 02 Question 32

32) According to Heraclitus, there is an underlying, unchanging sameness behind the flux of things.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 02 Question 33

33) Heraclitus rejects the idea of an organizing principle of the universe.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 02 Question 34

34) Parmenides asserts, “All things are one.”

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 02 Question 35

35) The basic outlines of natural selection were first articulated by Empedocles.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 02 Question 36

36) According to Zeno, there is no such thing as motion.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 02 Question 37

37) Zeno’s paradoxes are intended to demonstrate the multiplicity of things in the universe.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 02 Question 38

38) Atoms, according to Democritus, are indivisible, minute bits of stuff that move randomly in an infinite void.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 02 Question 39

39) According to ancient atomism, atoms consist of neutrons and protons.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 02 Question 40

40) Thales posits that the Earth floats on water like a raft.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 02 Question 41

41) Anaximander posits that the Earth is suspended in space at the center of the universe.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 02 Question 42

42) According to Plato, relativism is inconsistent because if all sincerely held beliefs are equally true, then two opposing beliefs are true at the same time.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 02 Question 43

43) The relativist is committed to the view that there are objective truths.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 02 Question 44

44) Subjective relativism is the view that truth depends on what the individual accepts as true, not on the way things are.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 02 Question 45

45) Cultural relativism implies that other cultures are beyond moral criticism.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 02 Question 46

46) Cultural relativism implies that social reformers like Martin Luther King Jr. are wrong about the possibility of moral progress.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 02 Question 47

47) The Sophists hold that absolute knowledge is attainable.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 02 Question 48

48) Heraclitus claims that the logos is constantly in flux.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 02 Question 49

49) Of all the early Greek notions about the nature of the universe, Democritus’s theory comes closest to that of modern scientists.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 02 Question 50

50) Parmenides is a pluralist who holds that there are multiple things in the universe.

a. True

b. False