Exam Prep The Science Of Psychology Chapter.1 - Test Bank | Real World Psychology 3e by Catherine A. Sanderson. DOCX document preview.
Real World Psychology, 3e (Sanderson)
Chapter 1 The Science of Psychology
1) Psychology is defined as the ________.
A) science of conscious and unconscious forces on behavior
B) empirical study of the mind
C) scientific study of the brain
D) scientific study of behavior and mental processes
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
2) According to your textbook, which of the following is a mental process?
A) remembering
B) crying
C) reading
D) sleeping
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
3) Claims that are based on common beliefs, folk wisdom, or superstition are examples of ________.
A) correlations
B) social mores
C) psychoanalysis
D) pseudoscience
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
4) At a freshman event to welcome new students to campus, an "expert" offers to read palms and give predictions about the future. The routine is very authentic-looking and entertaining, but there is no evidence that these predictions are anything more than guesses. Palmistry, therefore is an example of ________.
A) the third-variable problem
B) a pseudoscience
C) a double-blind situation
D) experimenter bias
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
5) Critically questioning what "everybody knows" and examining available data related to such claims is referred to as ________.
A) empiricism
B) the scientific method
C) skepticism
D) mentalism
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena
6) What is the process of objectively evaluating, comparing, analyzing, and synthesizing information called?
A) empiricism
B) the scientific method
C) critical thinking
D) mental processing
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena
7) Dr. Alice Krostom responds to radio listeners who call in with relationship problems by using mostly her own common sense, beliefs, and values rather than scientific research. Although she does not claim to be a licensed psychotherapist, she calls herself "Dr. Alice" on the show. Only at the very beginning of the show does the announcer note that her doctorate is an honorary doctorate in communication from a little-known school. This type of psychological counseling would BEST be described as ________.
A) evidence-based
B) pseudopsychology
C) cybertherapy
D) managed care
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
8) Which of the following is an example of pseudoscience?
A) Anita thinks that she can do better on her exams if she arranges study groups with classmates.
B) Ina sees an advertisement on television for a service that will name a star after anyone you know.
C) Paula reads that people only use 10 percent of the total abilities of their brains and believes this claim.
D) Pamela thinks that the best path to getting her daughter to behave better is a combination of reinforcement and punishment.
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
9) Jill believes that she can predict an individual's personality simply by referring back to the position of the stars on the day the individual was born. Her beliefs capture the essence of ________.
A) astral projection
B) psychology
C) pseudopsychology
D) astrophysics
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
10) In what year was the first scientific laboratory of psychology established in Leipzig, Germany?
A) 1659
B) 1879
C) 1951
D) 1764
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
11) The man who is generally acknowledged as the "father of psychology" is ________.
A) Sigmund Freud
B) B. F. Skinner
C) Wilhelm Wundt
D) William James
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
12) If you were keeping an in-depth record of your conscious awareness including sensation, images, feelings, and thoughts that you are aware of experiencing, then you would be practicing what Wundt and his followers would have called ________.
A) pseudopsychology
B) empiricism
C) functionalism
D) introspection
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
13) Which individual is credited with the development of "structuralism," one of the earliest schools of thought in psychology?
A) Sigmund Freud
B) John Watson
C) Harry Stack Sullivan
D) Edward Titchener
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
14) A primary challenge of the technique called introspection that was favored by structuralists is that it cannot ________.
A) identify what is going on within any one person's consciousness
B) distinguish any differences between men and women, which limits its usefulness
C) be conducted individually; many people had to be studied at the same time to achieve valid results
D) be used to study children, animals, or more complex mental disorders
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Evaluation
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
15) An important contribution that structuralism made to the science of psychology is that it ________.
A) established a model for studying mental processes scientifically
B) showed how separate thoughts combined to form an idea
C) explained why individuals experience stimuli differently
D) highlighted why different scientific methods are needed to study children and adults
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena
16) Which school of psychological thought investigated how mental processes help humans and other animals adapt to their environment?
A) structuralism
B) Gestalt
C) cognitive processing
D) functionalism
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
17) An important contribution to the science of psychology made by functionalism is that it ________.
A) explained why different individuals experience stimuli differently
B) drew the line between branches of psychology so that each had its own function
C) expanded the scope of psychology to consider emotion and observable behavior
D) specified precisely the scope of psychology as dealing with mental processes
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
18) The individual credited with establishing the school of thought called functionalism is ________.
A) William James
B) G. Stanley Hall
C) Fritz Perls
D) Sigmund Freud
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
19) Which theory of personality is associated with the belief that the unconscious mind has an influence on one's behavior?
A) psychobiological
B) psychosocial
C) psychoanalytic
D) psychobehavioral
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
20) The physician who was fascinated by the ability of the unconscious mind to influence the body was ________.
A) Edward Titchener
B) Sigmund Freud
C) William James
D) B. F. Skinner
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
21) Which of the following is an important reason why many of Freud's concepts are seen as controversial?
A) He put too much emphasis on sex and aggression as motives for behavior.
B) He believed too strongly that the mind influences the body in diseases such as cancer.
C) He put too much emphasis on social relationships and social motives in explaining behavior.
D) He believed too strongly that the principles of learning determined behavior.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Evaluation
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena
22) One part of Freudian theory that is still accepted by many psychotherapists today is the influence of ________.
A) collective unconscious on behavior
B) the drive to self-actualize on behavior
C) the unconscious mind on behavior
D) the environment on behavior
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
23) Which psychological perspective emphasizes objective, observable environmental influences on overt behavior?
A) psychodynamic
B) functionalist
C) cognitive
D) behavioral
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
24) Behaviorists were different conceptually from earlier psychologists and ________.
A) accepted the practice of introspection and focused on reaching actualization
B) rejected the influence of unconscious forces and the practice of introspection
C) believed classical conditioning only applied to animals such as Pavlov's dogs
D) relied heavily on subjective measures of behavior that could not be verified
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
25) The founder of behaviorism was ________.
A) Sigmund Freud
B) B. F. Skinner
C) John B. Watson
D) Ivan Pavlov
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
26) Dr. Wasserman focuses on objective, observable behavior rather than on dynamic unconscious influences, which is consistent with which school of psychology?
A) behaviorist
B) cognitive
C) developmentalist
D) conditionalist
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
27) Jenna wants to train her roommate to duck every time Jenna gets a text message. To do this, Jenna periodically triggers the sound associated with an arriving text message and hits her roommate in the back of the head with a wadded-up piece of paper. Which of the following training concepts, first developed by Ivan Pavlov, is Jenna using?
A) introspection
B) conditioning
C) functionalism
D) shaping
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
28) Which behaviorist was convinced that behavior could be "shaped"?
A) Sigmund Freud
B) B. F. Skinner
C) Wilhelm Wundt
D) William James
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
29) Behavioral therapists have been most successful in treating people with problems such as ________.
A) depression
B) anxiety
C) phobias
D) schizophrenia
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
30) Auggie is seeing a behavioral psychotherapist who bases her work on the theories of B.F. Skinner. The therapist assures Auggie that Skinner's approach is successful in treating problems like his. What kind of problem does Auggie most likely have?
A) depression
B) schizophrenia
C) dissociation
D) alcoholism
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
31) Which of the following is a research question that a behaviorist would investigate?
A) How can we help people increase their personal development?
B) How do we learn to break the habit of smoking?
C) How does brain functioning cause psychological problems?
D) How does early childhood trauma affect adult personality?
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena
32) Which psychological perspective emerged in the 1950s and stressed free will and self-actualization?
A) behavioral
B) cognitive
C) humanistic
D) psychodynamic
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
33) Which of the following best describes the humanistic perspective?
A) I am working on developing positively and become the best person I'm capable of being.
B) I believe that the economy and outside forces are the reason I am depressed.
C) The neurotransmitters in my brain are imbalanced and changing that will solve my problems.
D) If I go to therapy three times a week for several years and explore childhood trauma, I can resolve my problems.
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
34) According to the humanistic perspective, an inborn drive to develop all of one's talents and abilities is called ________.
A) self-satisfaction
B) joy
C) self-actualization
D) accomplishment
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
35) The fact that humans can voluntarily choose to engage in behavior is known as ________.
A) self-actualization
B) free will
C) conditioning
D) introspection
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
36) Which field of psychology developed from the humanistic approach and stresses optimal human development?
A) cognitive psychology
B) sociocultural psychology
C) positive psychology
D) evolutionary psychology
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
37) Which psychological perspective emphasized processes such as thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating?
A) cognitive
B) Gestalt
C) concept formation
D) information-processing
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
38) The model that likens the mind to a computer that sequentially takes in data, processes it, and then produces a response is called the ________.
A) stepwise model
B) information-processing approach
C) cognitive processing model
D) systematic-reasoning approach
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
39) Cognitive psychology focuses on ________.
A) conflict within the conscious mind
B) the positive, creative, growth-seeking potential of human nature
C) processes like memory, language, and reasoning
D) complex biochemical events involved in information processing
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
40) What type of psychologist would study the processes students go through in committing to memory information from a textbook?
A) biological
B) cognitive
C) psychoanalytic
D) behavioral
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
41) Biological psychologists emphasize that behavior is the result of ________.
A) genetics and physiological processes in the brain and nervous system
B) the belief that biology is destiny
C) the evolution of intelligence and the development of adaptive behavior
D) understanding animal behavior so we can understand human behavior
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
42) Dr. Liu is a psychologist whose research is focused on understanding how different parts of the brain influence specific types of behaviors. She also studies the influence of genetics on the development of certain tendencies. She is most likely which type of psychologist?
A) behavioral
B) psychiatric
C) biological
D) multimodal
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
43) Which of the following terms belong together?
A) structuralism and observable behavior
B) behaviorism and stimulus-response
C) biological psychology and unconscious conflict
D) psychoanalytic theory and free will
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
44) Natural selection, adaptation, and reproduction are major emphases in which perspective of psychology?
A) psychobiological
B) psychosocial
C) ecological
D) evolutionary
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
45) Charles Darwin's principle of an evolutionary process in which heritable traits that increase an organism's chance of survival and reproduction are more likely to be passed on to succeeding generations is called ________.
A) natural selection
B) survival of the fittest
C) evolutionary specification
D) environmental capitalization
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
46) Which psychological perspective emphasizes interactions between people and/or groups and cultural determinants of behavior and mental processes?
A) behavioral
B) sociocultural
C) environmental
D) evolutionary
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
47) Dr. Wagge is interested in how students of different races and ethnicities perceive their likelihood of professional success after they graduate. With what perspective does Dr. Wagge's research best align?
A) experimental
B) developmental
C) cognitive
D) sociocultural
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
48) Who was initially denied a Ph.D. despite having completed all of the work for the degree and went on to become the first female president of the American Psychological Association?
A) Mamie Clark
B) Margaret Floy Washburn
C) Karen Horney
D) Mary Calkins
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
49) The educational institution that refused to grant a degree to Mary Calkins because she was a woman was ________.
A) The College of William and Mary
B) Harvard University
C) Bryn Mawr College
D) Haverford University
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
50) The first woman to earn a Ph.D. in psychology in the United States was ________.
A) Anna Freud
B) Margaret Floy Washburn
C) Karen Horney
D) Mary Calkins
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
51) The first African American to earn a Ph.D. in psychology in the United States was ________.
A) Francis Cecil Sumner
B) Edward Titchener
C) Wilhelm Wundt
D) Kenneth Clark
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
52) The Supreme Court's decision in the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education ruling addressing racial segregation in public schools was directly influenced by the work of which researchers?
A) Kenneth and Mamie Clark
B) Antonio and Hanna Damasio
C) Catherine and Alex Haslam
D) Uta and Chris Frith
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
53) The biopsychosocial model provides a(n) ________.
A) integration model
B) unifying theme
C) consolidation model
D) outdated perspective
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
54) Which model proposes that biological processes, psychological factors, and social forces are all interrelated and interacting influences?
A) biobehavioral environmental
B) eclectic
C) biopsychosocial
D) consolidation
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
55) The idea that depression is influenced by genetics, neurotransmitters, learned responses, thinking patterns, and socioeconomic status and culture is most consistent with which model of psychology?
A) psychiatric
B) evolutionary
C) biopsychosocial
D) Gestalt
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
56) Of the following choices, the largest specialty area in the field of psychology is ________.
A) educational psychology
B) school psychology
C) clinical psychology
D) cognitive psychology
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
57) Of the following choices, the largest specialty area in the field of psychology is ________.
A) developmental psychology
B) counseling psychology
C) behavioral psychology
D) neurocognitive psychology
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
58) If you conducted a study to determine which areas of the brain are used for working memory, you would be conducting ________.
A) experimental research
B) control research
C) applied research
D) basic research
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena
59) Applied research is best defined as research that explores ________.
A) unique problems applicable to an individual person in a laboratory setting
B) practical problems outside the laboratory in real-world settings
C) problems that apply to a controlled laboratory setting
D) problems that address the mind-body principle
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena
60) Basic research is best defined as research that ________.
A) explores only one field of study
B) advances scientific knowledge
C) is independent of other disciplines d) solves simple problems encountered by humans and animals in a complex world
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena
61) What type of research would study ways to enhance athletic performance?
A) independent
B) basic
C) dependent
D) applied
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena
62) A scientist who seeks knowledge for the sake of knowledge, particularly if such knowledge is not directly applied to a real-world problem or situation is conducting ________.
A) basic research
B) applied research
C) elemental research
D) fundamental research
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena
63) The first step in the scientific method is ________.
A) developing a theory that is based on other converging theories
B) forming a testable hypothesis that can be studied empirically
C) designing a study with appropriate methodology
D) reviewing the literature related to the question of interest
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena
64) Sergio is conducting a research study using human subjects to find out how people learn to "think outside the box". He expects that people who are instructed to be as creative as possible because there is no "wrong" answer will be more likely to think outside the box. Which of the following best describes this expectation?
A) a hypothesis
B) an operational definition
C) a meta-analysis
D) a statistically significant result
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena
65) What stage of the scientific method will someone be at if they make a prediction that drinking alcohol will make people more violent during a sporting event?
A) developing a theory
B) forming a testable hypothesis
C) designing a study
D) reviewing the literature of existing theories
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena
66) What are explicit statements describing how each variable will be observed, manipulated, and measured?
A) empirical evidence
B) operational definitions
C) statistical analyses
D) critical facts
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena
67) Brianna conducts a research study and finds that her results were statistically unlikely to have occurred merely by chance; that is, they were real outcomes and not a coincidental finding. When she writes a report of her findings, she will note that they were ________.
A) practically meaningful
B) applicable and valid
C) internally reliable
D) statistically significant
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena
68) If the results of a study have been replicated, they have been ________.
A) cited by multiple other research studies
B) reproduced with a different study population
C) found to be statistically significant
D) used in real-world, practical settings
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
69) A researcher repeats a previously conducted study following the same procedures to see if she will get the same results. This is an example of ________.
A) an invalid research method
B) a replication of studies
C) plagiarism
D) a descriptive technique
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
70) Which of these is a statistical procedure for combining and analyzing data from many studies in order to identify overall trends?
A) operational research
B) recombinant analysis
C) meta-analysis
D) data synthesis
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena
71) Which term refers to the fact that research findings that were long-accepted as valid and accurate have not been repeated with subsequent studies?
A) descriptive fallacy
B) meta-data issue
C) replication crisis
D) attribution error
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena
72) The textbook identifies three principles of scientific thinking that are essential for replication. Which option is one of those principles?
A) skepticism
B) practicality
C) nativism
D) dualism
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy
73) Only when scientists do the same thing and arrive at the same conclusion can we create a shared knowledge that we call ________.
A) objective
B) constructive
C) prospective
D) introspective
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy
74) Ilya is interested in whether people who typically text their friends have as close relationships as those typically talk on the phone. If Ilya wants to follow the scientific method, he will start by ________.
A) stating a testable hypothesis
B) developing a theory
C) conducting a literature review
D) performing a statistical analysis
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena
75) A broad explanation for a set of observations or facts that have been substantiated through repeated testing is called a(n) ________.
A) hypothesis
B) construct
C) abstract
D) theory
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena
76) What are the goals of psychology?
A) to explore the conscious and unconscious functions of the human mind
B) to understand, compare, and analyze human behavior
C) to improve psychological well-being in all individuals from conception to death
D) to describe, explain, predict, and change behavior
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
77) Which of the following is the BEST example of psychology's goal of describing behavior?
A) giving an interest-inventory (test) at a college counseling center to determine what career or college choices would best suit a student
B) conducting an experiment to determine if watching violent cartoons increases aggressive behavior in preschoolers
C) videotaping an intersection with four-way stop signs and measuring the ratio of complete to incomplete stops made by drivers
D) sending first-time drug offenders to an inpatient treatment program rather than to jail
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
78) A school psychologist suggests that Timmy's reluctance to speak up in class is due to the fact that his peers in the second grade laughed at him when he made a mistake several weeks ago. This is a demonstration of which goal of psychology?
A) description
B) explanation
C) prediction
D) change
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
79) A student is identified by her teachers as being very academically gifted, and the administration anticipates that she would do well in the school's advanced studies program. This is an example of which goal in psychology?
A) description
B) explanation
C) prediction
D) change
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
80) Which of the following is the BEST example of psychology's goal of changing behavior?
A) conducting research into the likelihood that convicted felons will reoffend once released from prison
B) exploring the function of self-harming behavior in a teenager's life so that the teenager can understand their options and make choices regarding the behavior.
C) giving an interest-inventory (test) at a college counseling center to determine what career or college choices would best suit a student
D) videotaping an intersection with four-way stop signs and measuring the ratio of complete to incomplete stops made by drivers
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
81) If a psychologist is interested in studying risk factors that are associated with juvenile delinquency, on what goal of psychology is the researcher focused?
A) description
B) explanation
C) prediction
D) change
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
82) Dr. Andreissen is interested in studying why individuals with antisocial personality disorder commit crimes and hurt others without feeling any remorse. On which goal of psychology is Dr. Andreissen focused?
A) description
B) explanation
C) prediction
D) change
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
83) You believe that most behaviors are a product of your environment, but your best friend argues that behaviors are a result of heredity. This is an example of ________.
A) the nature-nurture controversy
B) applied versus basic research
C) continuity versus discontinuity controversy
D) an objective versus subjective argument
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
84) A person who believes that genetics, chemical imbalances in the brain, and hormonal imbalances are responsible for explaining behavior takes the side of ________.
A) nature
B) nurture
C) both nature and nurture
D) cognitive influences
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
85) Children who watch violent television are at increased risk of becoming aggressive adults. As a result of this research, technologies were developed to allow parents to block certain content, including violent content, on television and other devices. What goal of psychology does this best represent?
A) description
B) explanation
C) prediction
D) change
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
86) According to your text, what does APA stand for?
A) American Psychological Association
B) Association of Psychological Principles for America
C) American Psychoanalytic Alliance
D) Association of People for Animals
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
87) A participant's agreement to take part in a study after being told what to expect is known as ________.
A) a double-blind design
B) the placebo effect
C) informed consent
D) debriefing
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 3: Ethical & Social Responsibility in a Diverse World
APA: LO 3.1 Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice
88) According to currently accepted research ethics, when you ask the researcher if you have to complete the experiment in which you are participating, the researcher should respond with which of the following statements?
A) "You have the right to withdraw from the study at any time."
B) "I'm sorry, the experiment must continue."
C) "Please continue. I will debrief you afterwards."
D) "You may drop the study now, but you will forfeit credit."
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 3: Ethical & Social Responsibility in a Diverse World
APA: LO 3.1 Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice
89) According to current practices regarding informed consent, a researcher must disclose which of the following before the study begins?
A) potential physical risks and discomforts
B) the reasons for involuntary participation and deception
C) what the independent variables are
D) how many subjects will be participating
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 3: Ethical & Social Responsibility in a Diverse World
APA: LO 3.1 Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice
90) Deception is sometimes used in psychological research in order to ________.
A) create a realistic situation with genuine reactions
B) protect the public from unpleasant research realities
C) protect participants from being harmed
D) prevent sample bias, ethnocentric bias, and experimenter bias
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 3: Ethical & Social Responsibility in a Diverse World
APA: LO 3.1 Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice
91) Debriefing is ________.
A) interviewing subjects after a study to find out what they were thinking during their participation
B) explaining the purpose of the study, anticipated results, and deceptions used when the study is over
C) disclosing potential physical and emotional risks and the nature of the study prior to its beginning
D) interviewing subjects after a study to determine whether any deceptions were effective in preventing them from learning the true purpose of the study
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 3: Ethical & Social Responsibility in a Diverse World
APA: LO 3.1 Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice
92) If a researcher is interested in studying the effects of administering different dosages of cocaine on rats, then they are MOST likely going to be concerned with ________.
A) the Food and Drug Administration
B) the state police
C) Narcotics Anonymous
D) guidelines for the ethical care of nonhuman animals
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 3: Ethical & Social Responsibility in a Diverse World
APA: LO 3.1 Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice
93) Which of the following is true about animal research?
A) It has not produced any gains for animals themselves.
B) It accounts for 70% to 80% of psychological research.
C) Animal researchers use punishments as often as they use rewards.
D) Researchers are searching for better ways to minimize harm to animals.
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 3: Ethical & Social Responsibility in a Diverse World
APA: LO 3.1 Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice
94) With which type of animal is nonhuman research mostly conducted?
A) rats and mice
B) dogs and cats
C) insects
D) primates
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena
95) A therapist may be required to break client confidentiality if the client ________.
A) asks to be reimbursed for their services
B) has more than two diagnosed disorders
C) is abusing a child or an elder adult
D) is a minor and their guardian wants information
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 3: Ethical & Social Responsibility in a Diverse World
APA: LO 3.1 Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice
96) Which of the following therapists is violating psychology's ethical standard of confidentiality?
A) Dr. Novak suggested his client talk to her neighbor to explain why she was fighting so loudly with her daughter.
B) Dr. Jones shared a patient's records with the patient's father after obtaining authorization.
C) Dr. Nguyen discussed a client, identifying the client by name, with his wife to get her advice.
D) Dr. Jacobs writes in his private files about a client that the client might be smoking marijuana.
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 3: Ethical & Social Responsibility in a Diverse World
APA: LO 3.1 Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice
97) If a clinical psychologist is doing therapy with someone who threatens to kill another person, the psychologist should ________.
A) try to talk them out of it but not call the police due to confidentiality concerns
B) have the person committed to a mental institution
C) break confidentiality to protect the intended victim
D) do nothing; due to confidentiality concerns the psychologist is powerless
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 3: Ethical & Social Responsibility in a Diverse World
APA: LO 3.1 Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice
98) What kind of research observes and records behaviors without manipulating variables or producing causal explanations?
A) descriptive
B) empirical
C) independent
D) dependent
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
99) In a study employing naturalistic observation, a researcher would be most likely to do which of the following?
A) conduct an in-depth study of an individual who has been divorced multiple times
B) observe divorced couples as they naturally interact with each other in the laboratory
C) observe and record children's behavior in a shopping mall after playing violent video games
D) determine whether watching violence on television produces aggression
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
100) When a researcher is watching and recording the interactions between members of a gorilla group in the wild, the researcher is conducting a(n) ________.
A) animal husbandry survey
B) quasi-experiment
C) introspection study
D) naturalistic observation
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
101) Observing the activities of a 3-year-old from a hidden location within the child's daycare is an example of which type of research method?
A) correlational
B) experimental
C) naturalistic observation
D) survey
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
102) The main advantage of naturalistic observation is that it ________.
A) eliminates extraneous variables
B) allows researchers to obtain data about real-world behavior
C) is less time consuming and expensive than other research methods
D) can determine cause and effect
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Evaluation
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
103) The main disadvantage of naturalistic observation is that it ________.
A) eliminates extraneous variables
B) only allows researchers to obtain data about real-world behavior
C) is less time consuming and expensive than other research methods
D) offers very little control to the researcher
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Evaluation
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
104) A survey is a(n) ________.
A) experimental technique for sampling a population's attitudes
B) research technique for assessing the behaviors, opinions, and attitudes of a wide range of people
C) noncorrelational research technique for sampling a wide variety of populations
D) unreliable and invalid research technique, usually used by political or commercial pollsters
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
105) Dr. Jonas wants to determine how concerned incoming students are about security on campus and sends a link to online questions about this topic to a sample of new students. Which method is Dr. Jonas using?
A) a case study
B) naturalistic observation
C) an experiment
D) a survey
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
106) One significant advantage of survey research is that it can ________.
A) identify causes of behavior
B) provide more in-depth information than other research methods
C) identify subject bias
D) gather data on many more people than other research methods
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
107) In a case study, a researcher is most likely to ________.
A) interview many research subjects who have a single problem or disorder
B) conduct an in-depth study of a single research participant
C) choose and investigate a single topic
D) collect data on different types of case studies
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
108) If you wanted to study someone with a rare disorder such as prosopagnosia (the inability to recognize others' faces), your BEST research option would be a(n) ________.
A) experimental study
B) correlational study
C) case study
D) survey
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
109) In which type of research does a researcher study previously recorded data?
A) experimental
B) correlational
C) archival
D) applied
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
110) In which type of research does a researcher observe or measure (without manipulating) two or more variables to determine whether or not there is a relationship between them?
A) experimental
B) correlational
C) archival
D) applied
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
111) A number that indicates the degree and direction of the relationship between variables is called a(n) ________.
A) inference
B) inferential statistic
C) correlation coefficient
D) quasi-correlation
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
112) Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship between variables?
A) +.78
B) -.84
C) +.35
D) .00
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
113) A correlation coefficient of zero might correctly summarize the relationship between ________.
A) your grades and how much time you spend studying
B) the size of a house and its price
C) the intensity of rain and umbrella use
D) your adult height and intelligence
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
114) Which is the stronger correlation, -1.00 or +1.00?
A) +1.00
B) They are of equal strength.
C) -1.00
D) A correlation of -1.00 does not exist.
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
115) If a researcher observes a positive correlation between stress and having a significant health event like a heart attack, what can the researcher conclude?
A) The health event causes stress.
B) Stress causes the health event.
C) Knowing a person's stress level may help to predict that person's likelihood of experiencing the health event.
D) Some other variable causes both higher levels of stress and higher risk of health events.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
116) Researchers manipulate a variable and examine the effect of that manipulation on another variable in a(n) ________.
A) experiment
B) correlational study
C) biological study
D) descriptive study
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
117) If a researcher were interested in determining whether listening to subliminal advertising causes an increase in sales of products, the researcher would likely conduct a(n) ________.
A) descriptive study
B) correlational study
C) observational study
D) experimental study
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
118) Conclusions about cause-and-effect relationships can only be drawn from which type of study?
A) experimental
B) descriptive
C) correlational
D) case
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
119) The BEST definition of an independent variable is a variable that ________.
A) is a measurable behavior exhibited by a participant and affected by the dependent variable
B) is manipulated by the experimenter to determine its causal effect on the dependent variable
C) is kept constant during an experiment to prevent contamination of other variables
D) cannot be manipulated due to significant practical or ethical concerns
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
120) Which variables are selected and manipulated by the researcher in experiments?
A) independent
B) intervening
C) controlled
D) dependent
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
121) ________ variables are manipulated by researchers; ________ variables are only measured.
A) Dependent; independent
B) Survey; experimental
C) Experimental; survey
D) Independent; dependent
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
122) In an experiment to determine if rewards will increase recycling efforts on campus, the dependent variable is ________.
A) rewards versus no rewards
B) the amount of recycling effort observed
C) the students who recycle
D) the type of rewards
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
123) In an experiment to determine if listening to music affects how well students perform on a test, the independent variable is ________.
A) test performance
B) listening to music
C) time spent studying
D) students
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
124) Students were divided into two groups. In one group, the teacher ignored students if they answered a question without raising their hands. In the other group the teacher corrected the student if they answered without raising their hands. The independent variable in this experiment was ________.
A) initial levels of talking
B) decreased talking
C) the teacher's behavior
D) division of students into two groups
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
125) If researchers gave participants varying amounts of a new "memory" drug and then gave them a story to read and measured their scores on a quiz, the ________ would be the independent variable (IV), and the ________ would be the dependent variable (DV).
A) response to the drug; amount of the drug
B) experimental group; control group
C) exposure to the drug; quiz scores
D) researcher variables; extraneous variables
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
126) The BEST definition of a dependent variable is a variable that is ________.
A) a measurable behavior that is affected by the independent variable
B) controlled by the experimenter and applied to the participant to determine its effect
C) kept constant during an experiment to prevent contamination of other variables
D) is experimental group in the study
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
127) In an experiment studying the effects of alcohol on memory, the group of participants not given alcohol is referred to as the ________.
A) experimental group
B) control group
C) independent variable
D) random sample
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
128) In an experiment studying whether eating sugar influences children's ability to focus their attention on a problem-solving task, the group of children given sugar is referred to as the ________.
A) experimental group
B) control group
C) independent variable
D) random sample
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
129) The control group in an experiment is the group in which participants ________.
A) are not exposed to the independent variable
B) receive the dependent variable
C) do not receive the dependent variable
D) receive the independent variable
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
130) The experimental group in an experiment is the group in which the participants ________.
A) do not receive the independent variable
B) receive the dependent variable
C) do not receive the dependent variable
D) receive the independent variable or treatment
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
131) In a study to test the effects of alcohol on driving, you were in a group of participants that drove poorly. This means that ________.
A) you were in the experimental group
B) you were in the control group
C) there is insufficient information to determine your group
D) you won't know which group you were in until the study is concluded
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
132) In a drug-study to test the effectiveness of a new drug for treating the common cold, you are randomly assigned to a group that gets the drug. This means that you are in which group?
A) control
B) experimental
C) placebo
D) dependent
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
133) In which procedure are research participants placed in experimental conditions on the basis of chance, thus minimizing biases or preexisting differences in the groups?
A) random sampling
B) random assignment
C) group selection
D) experimental assignment
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
134) If you flip a coin to determine whether you should be in Group A or Group B for an in-class experiment, you would be using the ________.
A) experimental assignment
B) independent selection
C) representative grouping
D) random assignment
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
135) Sample bias occurs when ________.
A) the sample of participants in a research study are not representative of the larger population
B) participants exhibit behaviors that are considered typical in their own culture
C) an experimenter biases a sample by providing unintentional cues about correct responses
D) the subjects are provided unintentional information about the experiment
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
136) Dr. Garland is interested in understanding how people get so invested in conspiracy theories and studies a group of college undergraduates to determine how their willingness to agree with certain claims related to personality characteristics. What might prevent Dr. Garland from generalizing the results of this study to the larger population of conspiracy theory adherents?
A) experimenter bias
B) sample bias
C) the placebo effect
D) the lack of adequate controls
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
137) One way to ensure less sample bias is to select which kind of sample?
A) representative and random
B) homogeneous and ethnocentric
C) placebo and control
D) heterogeneous and ethnocentric
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
138) Stimuli other than independent variables that may affect the outcome of the study and lead to erroneous conclusions are called ________.
A) random variables
B) placebos
C) confounding variables
D) external variables
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
139) Experimenter bias refers to ________.
A) intentional subtle cues given by a researcher that lead a subject to guess what the correct response should be
B) experimenters who unintentionally let their beliefs and expectations influence the results of a study
C) the experimenter's belief that his or her study results are more accurate than any other study's results
D) the tendency of experimenters to unintentionally report their results in a manner that always supports their hypotheses
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
140) While conducting research, you unintentionally provide subtle cues to the study's participants about the purpose of the research, which influences your results in the direction you expected. This is a demonstration of ________.
A) ethnocentric research
B) misapplication of an independent variable
C) demand characteristics
D) subject bias
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
141) Ethnocentrism in research refers to ________.
A) the belief that a typical behavior in one's culture is typical of all cultures
B) a researcher's inflated sense of his or her own research abilities
C) a central need to include people from all races and cultures in an experiment
D) an attitude among researchers that their field of study is more important than any other field
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
142) One of the BEST ways to deal with ethnocentrism in scientific research is to ________.
A) create culturally homogeneous research review committees
B) provide cultural sensitivity training to researchers
C) use cross-cultural sampling
D) ignore it because cultural universals are more prevalent than cultural specifics
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
143) Because research in the United States has demonstrated that adolescents are not very respectful to the elderly, Sara concludes that all adolescents everywhere in the world are disrespectful to the elderly. This is an example of ________.
A) cross-cultural sampling
B) ethnocentrism
C) participant bias
D) social desirability bias
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
144) One way to decrease participant bias is to ________.
A) use temporary deception about the study purpose
B) use the selectivity model
C) use no placebo controls
D) It is impossible to decrease participant bias.
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
145) According to your text, research participants who try to present themselves in a good light are demonstrating ________.
A) good judgment
B) the social-desirability bias
C) a placebo effect
D) deceptive behavior
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
146) If a student lies on a questionnaire regarding the number of sexual partners they have had during the course of their lifetime, the student's behavior can be described as ________.
A) social desirability responding
B) experimenter bias
C) a placebo effect
D) distrusting bias
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
147) The best definition of a double-blind study is research in which ________.
A) both the control group and the experimental group are unaware of what is being studied in the research experiment
B) neither the participants in the treatment group nor the control group knows which treatment is being given to which group
C) both the researcher and the participants are unaware of who is in the experimental and control groups
D) two control groups (or placebo conditions) are used in the research study
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
148) Suppose an experiment were conducted on caffeine-induced stress in which neither the class researchers nor the participants in the experiment knew who did and did not receive caffeine until after the study was completed. What method has been used?
A) counterbalanced design study
B) double-blind study
C) unknown condition experiment
D) controlled deception condition experiment
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
149) In a study in which neither the patient nor the physician knew whether a patient was getting the drug or the placebo, 85% of physicians and patients correctly identified whether they were in the experimental or control condition because of side effects. Contrary to design expectations, the experiment was not ________.
A) statistically significant
B) socially reliable
C) correlational
D) double blind
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
150) SQ4R stands for ________.
A) survey, question, read, recite, review, write
B) scan, query, read, repeat, reword, recite
C) survey, query, review, read, reread, recite
D) scan, question, read, write by rewording, repeat
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.4 Practical Application Highlight - Secrets of Student Success
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
151) According to the text, studying the night before the exam is an example of ________ and studying for 1 hour a day 5 nights before the exam is an example of ________.
A) distributed learning; massed
B) massed learning; distributed
C) cramming learning; pacing
D) short-term learning; long-term
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.4 Practical Application Highlight - Secrets of Student Success
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
152) Although studying new information to the point where you can recite it is one way to learn, a deeper way to study involves knowing how key terms interact and being able to generate examples. This type of studying is known as ________.
A) in-depth recitation
B) maximizing
C) overlearning
D) interactionism
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 1.4 Practical Application Highlight - Secrets of Student Success
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
153) Before you attempt to change your time management skills, you should ________.
A) record current activities to establish a baseline
B) have a trial run of different strategies
C) reward yourself
D) create a daily schedule
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 1.4 Practical Application Highlight - Secrets of Student Success
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
154) Diane is keeping an in-depth record of her conscious awareness including basic sensations, images, feelings, and thoughts that she is aware of experiencing. Diane is practicing what Wundt would call ________.
A) Structuralism
B) Empiricism
C) Functionalism
D) Introspection
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
155) Dr. Shirley examines learning, conditioning, motivation, emotion, sensation, and perception in humans and other animals. It is likely that Dr. Shirley is which type of psychologist?
A) experimental
B) cultural
C) developmental
D) cognitive
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
156) Carlos and Bonita were intrigued by the results of a study about the biases people display toward work done by males, compared to work done by females. They decided to perform the same study, following the same procedures, to see if they would get the same results. This is an example of ________.
A) an invalid research method
B) a replication of studies
C) plagiarism
D) a waste of research time and funding
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.3 Engage in innovative and integrative thinking and problem solving
157) Timothy has been reluctant to ask or answer questions in the classroom because when he spoke in his second-grade class, his peers laughed at him. This is a demonstration of which goal of psychology?
A) description
B) explanation
C) prediction
D) change
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
158) Maria is thinking of running for student body president, but she wonders whether her campaign should emphasize campus security, improved parking facilities, or increased health services. Which scientific method of research would you recommend she use to determine the focus of her campaign?
A) a case study
B) naturalistic observation
C) an experiment
D) a survey
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
159) You are unsure whether you want to complete an experiment you began an hour ago. According to the Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct (2016), when you ask the researcher if you have to continue, the researcher should respond with the following statement:
A) "You have the right to drop out of the study at any time."
B) "I'm sorry, the experiment must continue."
C) "Please continue. I will debrief you afterwards."
D) "You may drop the study now, but you will forfeit credit."
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 3: Ethical & Social Responsibility in a Diverse World
APA: LO 3.1 Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice
160) Which of the following therapists is behaving in a way that is consistent with psychology's ethical standard of confidentiality?
A) Dr. Novak called the Department of Social Services to report her client, who admitted during their session together that she was abusing her nine-year-old daughter.
B) Dr. Jones describes detailed case histories of former clients to his psychology class without disguising their characteristics.
C) Dr. Smith-Nguyen discusses a client with his wife to get her advice.
D) Dr. Polanski told two of his colleagues that he was treating a local television news anchor for major depression, but didn't name her.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 3: Ethical & Social Responsibility in a Diverse World
APA: LO 3.1 Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice
161) The first person of color to be elected as president of the American Psychological Association was ________.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
162) Riley conducts a research project in which participants are deceived about the actual purpose of the study. When their contributions are complete, she reveals the true nature of the study, answers any questions that they have, and assures them that the final study outcomes will be made available to them. This process of sharing the true study purpose is called ________.
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 3: Ethical & Social Responsibility in a Diverse World
APA: LO 3.1 Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice
163) The plus or minus sign that appears in a correlational coefficient gives you information about the ________ of the relationship between variables.
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena
164) While standing at a craps table, Ronaldo has an involved routine he must perform before he rolls the dice. He did this one and won $100 on a single roll, so now he feels that he must do it before every roll. This belief that a relationship exists between his actions and the outcome of each roll demonstrates a(n) ________ correlation.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena
165) In the SQ4R method of studying, the third "r" symbolizes ________.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.4 Practical Application Highlight - Secrets of Student Success
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
166) Contrast the following three schools/perspectives in psychology with regard to their research methods, beliefs about the effects of the past on behavior, and areas of emphasis: psychoanalytic, behaviorism, and cognitive psychology. Explain which perspective you find most intriguing and why.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 1.1 What is Psychology?
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
167) List and describe the four goals of psychology giving an original example of how either basic or applied research could be used to achieve each goal.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
168) Suppose you believe that stress causes headaches. Describe what you would need to do for each of the six basic steps in the scientific method to research your belief.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena
169) List and define the three scientific principles that are important in the quest for replication.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy
170) Suppose you believe negative advertising causes people to vote against the political candidate attacked in the ad. Describe an experiment you could perform to test your theory. Be sure to include a hypothesis, operational definitions of your independent and dependent variables, who your participants would be, and how you would randomly assign them to experimental or control groups.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
171) What are some ways that you as a researcher might be able to reduce the likelihood of social desirability bias in participants?
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Comprehension
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
172) Suppose you wanted to determine whether the use of marijuana is related to car accidents. Discuss the major limitations and merits of using each of the following research methods: an experiment, a naturalistic observation, a survey, and a case study; then state which method you would ultimately use.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
173) Discuss why correlation is necessary but not sufficient to establish causation.
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.3 Psychology's Research Methods
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena
174) Imagine that you are a psychologist. Describe ethical considerations for human participants in research studies, as well as the benefits, limitations, and ethical considerations for animal research. Then, describe what you would tell a therapy client about what she can expect with regard to your maintaining her confidentiality. Finally, state the possible consequences of violating ethical standards in psychology.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.2 Scientific Research
APA: Goal 3: Ethical & Social Responsibility in a Diverse World
APA: LO 3.1 Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice
175) Explain the SQ4R method. Give an example of how you would use it using information from the chapter and applying each of the steps.
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 1.4 Practical Application Highlight - Secrets of Student Success
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
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