Exam Prep Earth Materials Ch.4 5th Edition

Exploring Geology, 5e (Reynolds)

Chapter 4 Earth Materials

1) What is the main type of rocks in the Peninsular Ranges of Southern California and Mexico?

A) volcanic rocks erupted from a large volcano

B) granite and metamorphic rocks that formed at depth

C) flat-lying sedimentary rocks

D) unconsolidated sand and gravel

2) Which of the following is NOT a mineral?

A) liquid water

B) crystals grown in a laboratory

C) volcanic glass

D) piece of wood

E) All of these choices are correct.

3) Which of the following is a mineral?

A) ice

B) crystals grown in a laboratory

C) volcanic glass

D) material with crystals of different chemical compounds

E) None of these choices are correct.

4) Which of the following is true about rocks and minerals?

A) A rock can contain more than one mineral.

B) A mineral is composed of chemical elements.

C) A single rock can include more than one mineral.

D) All of these choices are correct.

5) Which of the following is NOT a required criterion for a substance to be classified as a mineral?

A) human-made

B) naturally occurring

C) crystalline solid

D) inorganic

6) Rocks are composed of

A) minerals.

B) elements.

C) glass.

7) What type of rock is shown in this photograph?

A) crystalline rock

B) clastic rock

C) rock with minerals that are too small to see

D) None of these choices are correct.

8) What type of rock is shown in this photograph?

A) crystalline rock

B) clastic rock

C) rock with minerals that are too small to see

D) None of these choices are correct.

9) What are the two main ways that minerals are put together in rocks?

A) igneous versus metamorphic

B) igneous versus sedimentary

C) metamorphic versus sedimentary

D) crystalline versus clastic

10) Important characteristics to observe in rocks include

A) types of minerals present.

B) sizes and shapes of crystals.

C) presence or absence of layers.

D) All of these choices are correct.

11) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of rocks with clastic textures?

A) composed of interlocking minerals

B) composed of broken fragments of older eroded rocks

C) commonly formed in low temperature environments

12) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of crystals and clasts evaluated to classify a rock?

A) crystal/clast density

B) crystal/clast size

C) crystal/clast shape

D) crystal/clast composition

13) What mineral property is illustrated by this photograph?

A) crystal form

B) cleavage

C) color

D) luster

14) Which mineral property is the least reliable for identifying a mineral?

A) cleavage

B) luster

C) crystal form

D) streak

E) color

15) Which of the following is true about tests we can perform on a mineral?

A) A softer mineral will scratch a harder mineral.

B) Many common minerals react (effervesce) with dilute hydrochloric acid.

C) A streak plate is used to determine how hard a mineral is.

D) Many minerals are strongly magnetic.

E) None of these choices are correct.

16) A mineral property that can be observed without using a test is

A) effervescence.

B) magmatism.

C) hardness.

D) cleavage.

E) All of these choices are correct.

17) What mineral is shown in this photograph?

A) quartz

B) feldspar

C) calcite

D) hematite

E) magnetite

18) What mineral test is shown in this photograph?

A) scratch test

B) effervescence

C) streak

D) magnetism

E) specific gravity

19) What mineral is shown in this photograph?

A) quartz

B) feldspar

C) calcite

D) hematite

E) magnetite

20) What mineral test is shown in this photograph?

A) scratch test

B) effervescence

C) streak

D) magnetism

E) specific gravity

21) What mineral is characterized by a reddish streak, as shown in this photograph?

A) quartz

B) feldspar

C) calcite

D) hematite

E) magnetite

22) What mineral test is shown in this photograph?

A) scratch test

B) effervescence

C) streak

D) magnetism

E) specific gravity

23) A cube of some rock weighs 6 grams, and a same-sized cube of water weighs 2 grams. What is the specific gravity of this rock?

A) 0.5

B) 1

C) 2

D) 3

E) 6

24) Identify the list that consists of ten common minerals ranked in order of increasing hardness, from 1 to 10.

A) Mohs Hardness Scale

B) Bowen's reaction series

C) Breakage chart

D) Specific gravity scale

25) The ratio of density of a mineral to that of freshwater is called the

A) specific gravity.

B) hardness.

C) crystal shape.

D) cleavage.

26) Which of the following are tests we can quickly and easily perform (even in the field) to help us identify a mineral?

A) hardness

B) effervescence

C) streak

D) magnetism

E) All of these choices are correct.

27) What arrangement of atoms does this diagram illustrate?

A) cubic

B) tetrahedron

C) octahedron

D) dodecahedron

28) What arrangement of atoms does this diagram illustrate?

A) cubic

B) tetrahedron

C) octahedron

D) dodecahedron

29) The mineral halite has cube-shaped crystals because

A) there are no planes along which the mineral can break.

B) cubes are the most common way two tetrahedron can join.

C) of the arrangement of atoms in the crystal lattice.

D) halite is soluble in water.

30) A crystal with a well-defined shape, such as a cube, probably

A) does not reflect the arrangement of atoms in the lattice.

B) grew early and so was forced to grow around other minerals.

C) does not have a well-defined cleavage.

D) will react with dilute hydrochloric acid.

E) None of these choices are correct.

31) What does the shape of these crystals indicate about the environment in which they formed?

A) They formed at great depth and under very high pressures.

B) They formed from cold water that was moving rapidly through the rocks.

C) They formed into a space filled with water rather than solid rock.

D) They grew during an explosive volcanic eruption.

32) Which of the following characterizes a liquid state of matter?

A) Atoms are packed together with a relatively fixed shape.

B) Atoms are poorly connected and can expand to fill the available volume.

C) Atoms are held together, but weakly enough that the material is mobile and can change shape.

D) The material retains its shape and volume unless deformed, dissolved, or perturbed in some other way.

33) A geologist who is also a mineralogist would generally study

A) minerals, like quartz and halite.

B) vitamins and minerals, like potassium and calcium.

C) coal mining techniques.

D) mine collapses.

34) Minerals have an ordered internal atomic arrangement. What does this mean?

A) Atoms in a mineral are arranged in an ordered geometric pattern.

B) Atoms in a mineral are arranged in a random fashion.

C) Atoms in a mineral must be in the shape of either a cube, a tetrahedron, or an octahedron.

D) Atoms in a mineral must all be of the same type of element.

35) The mineral halite is seen in the image. One part of the atomic arrangement repeats indefinitely to make the entire crystal. This property of a mineral is called

A) ordered atomic arrangement.

B) consistency of composition.

C) solid state crystallization.

D) effervescence.

36) What type of cleavage is illustrated in this figure?

A) one direction

B) two perpendicular directions

C) two nonperpendicular directions

D) three perpendicular directions

E) three nonperpendicular directions

37) What type of cleavage is illustrated in this figure?

A) one direction

B) two perpendicular directions

C) two nonperpendicular directions

D) three perpendicular directions

E) three nonperpendicular directions

38) What type of cleavage is illustrated in this figure?

A) one direction

B) two perpendicular directions

C) two nonperpendicular directions

D) three perpendicular directions

E) three nonperpendicular directions

39) What type of cleavage is illustrated in this figure?

A) one direction

B) two perpendicular directions

C) two nonperpendicular directions

D) three perpendicular directions

E) three nonperpendicular directions

40) What type of cleavage is illustrated in this figure?

A) one direction

B) two perpendicular directions

C) two nonperpendicular directions

D) three perpendicular directions

E) three nonperpendicular directions

41) If a mineral fractures, how many directions of cleavage does it have?

A) four directions of cleavage

B) three directions of cleavage

C) two directions of cleavage

D) one direction of cleavage

E) no directions of cleavage

42) If a mineral cleaves into thin sheets, it probably has

A) no well-defined cleavage planes.

B) three directions of cleavage.

C) fractures rather than cleavage.

D) one dominant direction of cleavage.

E) None of these choices are correct.

43) If a mineral lacks planes along which it may cleave, what will occur?

A) The mineral will fracture in an irregular pattern.

B) The mineral will not break.

C) The mineral will fracture evenly along predictable planes.

D) The mineral will still cleave, but it will only occur along one plane.

44) The mineral in the image is quartz. Which of the following is true?

A) The mineral has fractured, as it lacks planes along which it may cleave.

B) The mineral must have specific planes along which atomic bonds are weaker than in other areas of the structure.

C) Since the mineral has irregular breakage, it must have good cleavage.

D) Bonds within the mineral must have varying strengths.

45) In this part of the Periodic Table, what type of element is are in the group that includes elements Cu, Ag, and Au?

A) metals

B) nonmetals

C) noble gases

D) silicates

46) In this part of the Periodic Table, what type of element is are in the group that includes elements C, O, and S?

A) metals

B) nonmetals

C) noble gases

D) silicates

47) In this part of the Periodic Table, what type of element is are in the group that includes elements He, Ne, and Ar?

A) metals

B) nonmetals

C) noble gases

D) silicates

48) What class of minerals forms when the element Si is bonded with element O, as in the mineral quartz?

A) silicates

B) carbonates

C) oxides

D) halides

E) sulfides

49) What class of mineral forms when the element C is bonded with element O, as in the mineral calcite?

A) silicates

B) carbonates

C) oxides

D) halides

E) sulfides

50) What class of mineral forms when the element S is bonded with a metal, like iron in the mineral pyrite?

A) silicates

B) carbonates

C) oxides

D) halides

E) sulfides

51) What class of mineral forms when the element O is bonded with a metal, as in the mineral hematite?

A) silicates

B) carbonates

C) oxides

D) halides

E) sulfides

52) What class of mineral forms when the element Cl or F is bonded with a metal, as in the mineral halite?

A) silicates

B) carbonates

C) oxides

D) halides

E) sulfides

53) Which of the following is NOT a main group of chemical elements on the Periodic Table?

A) transition metals

B) nonmetals

C) noble gases

D) sulfides

54) Which of the following is NOT a major class of rock-forming minerals?

A) silicates

B) carbonates

C) oxides

D) argonites

55) The most important class of rock-forming minerals on Earth is

A) halides.

B) sulfates.

C) native minerals.

D) silicates.

E) asbestos.

56) Which of the following is NOT a main type of silicate structure?

A) single chains

B) double chains

C) triple chains

D) sheets

E) frameworks

57) Which of the following is true about asbestos?

A) There are several types of asbestos, but they represent the same mineral.

B) Different types of asbestos have the same health risks.

C) Each type of asbestos has long, straight fibers.

D) Asbestos represents different minerals with different health risks.

58) What type of silicate minerals is shown from this arrangement of silicon tetrahedron?

A) independent tetrahedra

B) single chains

C) double chains

D) sheets

E) frameworks

59) What type of silicate minerals is shown from this arrangement of silicon tetrahedron?

A) independent tetrahedra

B) single chains

C) double chains

D) sheets

E) frameworks

60) What type of silicate minerals is shown from this arrangement of silicon tetrahedron?

A) independent tetrahedra

B) single chains

C) double chains

D) sheets

E) frameworks

61) What type of silicate minerals is shown from this arrangement of silicon tetrahedron?

A) independent tetrahedra

B) single chains

C) double chains

D) sheets

E) frameworks

62) What type of cleavage would be exhibited by a mineral that has this arrangement of silicon tetrahedron?

A) one direction of cleavage

B) two perpendicular directions of cleavage

C) two nonperpendicular directions of cleavage

D) the mineral fractures instead of cleaves

63) What type of cleavage would be exhibited by a mineral that has this arrangement of silicon tetrahedron?

A) one direction of cleavage

B) two perpendicular directions of cleavage

C) two nonperpendicular directions of cleavage

D) the mineral fractures instead of cleaves

64) What type of cleavage would be exhibited by a mineral that has this arrangement of silicon tetrahedron?

A) one direction of cleavage

B) two perpendicular directions of cleavage

C) two nonperpendicular directions of cleavage

D) the mineral fractures instead of cleaves

65) What type of atom is represented by the small, brown sphere in the center of this silica tetrahedron?

A) aluminum

B) silicon

C) iron

D) chlorine

E) sulfur

66) The dominant shape in which silicon and oxygen atoms combine in silicate minerals is

A) cube.

B) prism.

C) hexagon.

D) octagon.

E) None of these choices are correct.

67) How do silica tetrahedra bond in silicate minerals?

A) with each other by sharing an oxygen

B) with other elements, such as potassium

C) in single or double chains

D) in sheets

E) All of these choices are correct.

68) There are more than 4,000 known minerals, most of which are

A) uncommon to rare.

B) often encountered at the surface.

C) very common.

D) found together in single hand samples of rocks.

69) Which of the following terms refers to the compound SiO₂?

A) silica

B) silicon

C) silicone

D) silicane

70) The very common mineral shown in this photograph is commonly a pink- to cream-colored mineral with wavy, light-colored lines. It does not effervesce. What mineral is it?

A) garnet

B) quartz

C) biotite

D) muscovite

E) feldspar

71) Which mineral is commonly pinkish and has light-colored, wavy lines?

A) quartz

B) potassium feldspar

C) pyroxene

D) amphibole

E) olivine

72) The very common mineral shown in this photograph is light colored and transparent, has a hardness of seven, and fractures rather than cleaves. It does not effervesce. What mineral is it?

A) garnet

B) quartz

C) biotite

D) muscovite

E) feldspar

73) A mineral is light colored and transparent, has a hardness of seven, and fractures rather than cleaves. What mineral is it?

A) garnet

B) quartz

C) biotite

D) muscovite

E) feldspar

74) Which of the following is generally a light-colored silicate mineral?

A) quartz

B) pyroxene

C) amphibole

D) biotite

E) All of these choices are correct.

75) Which of the following minerals is typically green and has no cleavage?

A) muscovite

B) plagioclase feldspar

C) biotite

D) quartz

E) olivine

76) Which of the following is a dark-colored silicate mineral?

A) quartz

B) potassium feldspar

C) muscovite

D) biotite

E) None of these choices are correct.

77) This iron oxide mineral commonly has a reddish color and consistently has red streaks. What mineral is it?

A) calcite

B) dolomite

C) hematite

D) magnetite

E) pyrite

78) This very common carbonate mineral effervesces when it contacts dilute HCl. What mineral is it?

A) calcite

B) dolomite

C) hematite

D) magnetite

E) pyrite

79) The mineral shown in this photograph is a sulfide mineral and commonly forms cube-shaped crystals. What mineral is it?

A) pyrite

B) hematite

C) dolomite

D) gypsum

E) halite

80) Which of the following minerals is a sulfide and commonly forms cube-shaped crystals?

A) pyrite

B) hematite

C) dolomite

D) gypsum

E) halite

81) Which of the following is NOT composed of calcium carbonate?

A) calcite

B) pyrite

C) marble

D) shells

E) limestone

82) Which of the following is a silicate mineral?

A) hematite

B) pyrite

C) gypsum

D) calcite

E) garnet

83) Which of the following pairs of minerals is NOT part of the same nonsilicate mineral group?

A) calcite and dolomite

B) hematite and magnetite

C) pyrite and galena

D) plagioclase feldspar and potassium feldspar

84) Magnetite and hematite occur together in layered sedimentary rocks called

A) banded iron formations.

B) dolomitic limestones.

C) bedded oxides.

D) magnetic stripes.

85) Minerals that do not contain silicon are classified as

A) nonsilicates.

B) silicates.

C) clays.

D) mafic.

86) The common nonsilicate mineral groups include

A) sulfides.

B) halides.

C) sulfates.

D) oxides.

E) carbonates.

F) All of these choices are correct.

87) Which layer in the Earth has a composition similar to the granite shown in this photograph?

A) continental crust

B) oceanic crust

C) mantle

D) core

88) Which layer in the Earth has a composition similar to the green olivine in the center of this rock?

A) continental crust

B) oceanic crust

C) mantle

D) core

89) Which layer in the Earth has a composition similar to the meteorite shown in this photograph?

A) continental crust

B) oceanic crust

C) mantle

D) core

90) This figure illustrates the average abundance in

A) Earth's crust.

B) oceanic crust only.

C) continental crust only.

D) the entire Earth.

E) the universe.

91) The three elements most abundant in the entire Earth are

A) sulfur, oxygen, and helium.

B) helium, hydrogen, and oxygen.

C) aluminum, potassium, and sodium.

D) iron, oxygen, and silicon.

E) hydrogen, helium, and argon.

92) This figure illustrates the average abundance in

A) Earth's crust.

B) oceanic crust only.

C) continental crust only.

D) the entire Earth.

E) the universe.

93) Which of the following minerals are common in Earth's crust?

A) quartz

B) feldspar

C) oxide minerals

D) calcite

E) All of these choices are correct.

94) The two elements most abundant in the Earth's crust are

A) helium and hydrogen.

B) iron and magnesium.

C) sodium and potassium.

D) silicon and oxygen.

E) iron and nickel.

95) This figure illustrates the average abundance in

A) Earth's crust.

B) oceanic crust only.

C) continental crust only.

D) the entire Earth.

E) the universe.

96) The two elements most abundant in the universe are

A) helium and hydrogen.

B) iron and magnesium.

C) sodium and potassium.

D) silicon and oxygen.

E) iron and nickel.

97) Which of the following is very common in oceanic crust?

A) dark-colored silicate minerals

B) metallic iron

C) metallic nickel

D) quartz

98) Why are silicate minerals the most abundant in Earth's crust and mantle?

A) Oxygen and silicon are the most common elements in the Earth's crust and are two of the most common elements in the Earth's mantle.

B) Oxygen and silicon are the most common elements in the universe and make up the majority of all matter.

C) Silicate minerals are the easiest minerals to create under surface conditions (particularly in ocean water).

D) Silicate minerals are the only minerals that exist in Earth's crust and mantle.

99) What three kinds of particles are the main building blocks of an atom?

A) nucleus, proteus, lattice

B) spheroid, cube, tetrahedron

C) proton, neutron, electron

D) hydrogen, helium, bohrium

E) None of these choices are correct.

100) Which of the following largely determines an atom's atomic weight?

A) the number of neutrons

B) the number of electrons

C) the number of electrons in the outer shell

D) the number of protons and neutrons

101) Rows in the Periodic Table correspond to

A) the number of protons in the nucleus.

B) the number of neutrons in the nucleus.

C) the number of electron shells.

D) the atomic weight.

E) All of these choices are correct.

102) Using the Periodic Table, what can you say about the element magnesium (Mg)?

A) It has 3 electron shells.

B) It has 3 electrons in the outer shell.

C) It has 2 neutrons and 3 protons.

D) All of these choices are correct.

103) Using the Periodic Table, what can you say about the element oxygen (O)?

A) It has 6 electron shells and 2 electrons in the outer shell.

B) It has 6 protons and 2 neutrons.

C) It has 6 neutrons and 2 protons.

D) None of these choices are correct.

104) Using the Periodic Table, what can you say about the element silicon (Si)?

A) It has 4 electron shells and 3 electrons in the outer shell.

B) It has 3 electron shells and 4 electrons in the outer shell.

C) It has 2 electron shells and 2 electrons in the outer shell.

D) It has 14 electrons in the outer shell.

E) None of these choices are correct.

105) What makes it difficult to represent the model of an atom?

A) Atoms are much larger than their nuclei.

B) Electrons are too small to be shown to scale.

C) Electrons are constantly in motion and do not truly follow orbital paths.

D) Atoms are not hard spheres with well-defined edges.

E) All of these choices are correct.

106) Based on the different crystalline structure of these two carbon minerals, how would the two minerals likely differ?

A) The left mineral would have one direction of cleavage.

B) The right mineral would have one direction of cleavage.

C) The minerals would have the same type of cleavage since both contain only carbon.

D) The minerals would have the same hardness because both contain only carbon.

107) The height of each element on this figure represents its electronegativity. Which elements would most likely form an ionic bond?

A) elements in the middle, like copper (Cu)

B) an element that bonds with itself, like carbon (C)

C) elements on the far right column of the Periodic Table

D) an element on the left side and an element on the right side of the Periodic Table

108) In which of the following types of bonding do atoms share one or more electrons, as shown in this figure?

A) covalent

B) ionic

C) metallic

D) intermolecular

109) In which of the following types of bonding do atoms share one or more electrons?

A) covalent

B) ionic

C) metallic

D) intermolecular

110) In which of the following types of bonding do atoms loan one or more electrons, as shown in this figure?

A) covalent

B) ionic

C) metallic

D) intermolecular

111) In which of the following types of bonding are electrons shared widely by many atoms, as shown in this figure?

A) covalent

B) ionic

C) metallic

D) intermolecular

112) The measure of an element's ability to attract electrons is its

A) electronegativity.

B) electromagnetic energy.

C) atomic number.

D) atomic mass.

113) The image shows bonding for diamond (on the left) and graphite (on the right). Both minerals are made of carbon, so why do they have very different properties (why is diamond so hard while graphite is so soft)?

A) Covalent bonds in both minerals are very strong, but intermolecular bonds between sheets in graphite are very weak.

B) Graphite's mixture of covalent and intermolecular bonds is stronger than the solely covalent bonds within diamond.

C) Diamond has a different type of covalent bond between atoms of carbon than does graphite.

D) Minerals with only one type of bond will always be harder than minerals that have two different types of bonding.

114) Which side of this molecule has a negative charge?

A) 1

B) 2

C) 3

D) All of these choices are correct.

E) None of these choices are correct.

115) What molecule is shown in this figure?

A) silica

B) salt

C) halite

D) water

E) carbonate

116) What characteristic of water helps it cause a mineral, such as halite, to dissolve?

A) the small size of the hydrogen atoms

B) the polar nature of the water molecule

C) the electronegativity of hydrogen

D) the electronegativity of oxygen

E) All of these choices are correct.

117) What causes a water molecule to be polar?

A) the magnetic properties of oxygen

B) the magnetic properties of hydrogen

C) the position of the hydrogen atoms on one side of the molecule

D) the abundance of ice in the north and south polar regions

118) When halite dissolves in water the

A) chlorine and sodium atoms are surrounded by water molecules but stay together.

B) chlorine and sodium atoms bond together.

C) chlorine atom loses all of its electrons to the water molecules.

D) chlorine and sodium atoms become separated by water molecules.

119) Which of the following are true of the properties of water?

A) Hydrogen bonds form between water molecules and are responsible for the high surface tension of water.

B) A water molecule is polar, and opposite ends of individual water molecules are attracted to anions and cations.

C) Water can dissolve materials by breaking apart ionic bonds as polar water molecules attract individual ions away from each other.

D) All of these choices are correct.

120) Cations have loaned out electrons and so have a

A) positive charge.

B) negative charge.

C) neutral charge.

121) Anions have gained electrons and so have a

A) positive charge.

B) negative charge.

C) neutral charge.

122) Why is ice less dense than water?

A) When water freezes, the molecules arrange into a crystal form in which they are farther apart than in liquid water.

B) As a solid, ice is actually more dense than water but will still float due to the high surface tension of water.

C) Water molecules lose one of their hydrogen atoms when they form ice, making the solid form less dense than the liquid form.

D) As water freezes, it forms cubic crystals made only of eight atoms. These atoms weigh less in ice than in water.

123) Which of the following is a common use of a mineral?

A) Hematite and magnetite are used for iron and steel.

B) Halite is used as salt.

C) Phosphorus is used in fertilizer.

D) Feldspar is used in ceramics.

E) All of these choices are correct.

124) Which of the following minerals is used more for its chemical components than for its physical properties?

A) gypsum

B) gold

C) feldspar

D) clay minerals

E) hematite

125) Which of these minerals could be used to make glass windows?

A) calcite

B) gypsum

C) quartz

D) hematite

E) clay minerals

126) Which of these minerals would you use to make wallboard for the interior walls of your house?

A) calcite

B) gypsum

C) quartz

D) hematite

E) clay minerals

127) Which of these minerals would be the main component in the cement slab in your house?

A) calcite

B) gypsum

C) quartz

D) hematite

E) clay minerals

128) What is a diagnostic characteristic of a mineral used to make a cement slab in your house?

A) It is magnetic.

B) It has a hardness of 7.

C) It has a hardness of 1.

D) It has one main direction of cleavage.

E) It reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid.

129) From the list provided below, choose those observations that accurately describe the mineral presented in this image.

A) This mineral does not have cleavage.

B) This mineral effervesces with dilute HCl.

C) This mineral has a metallic luster.

D) This mineral flakes into thin sheets.

E) None of these choices are correct.

130) From the list provided below, choose those observations that accurately describe the mineral presented in this image. 

A) This mineral displays two directions of cleavage.

B) This mineral effervesces with dilute HCl without being pulverized into a fine powder.

C) This mineral flakes into thin sheets.

131) From the list provided below, choose those observations that accurately describe the mineral presented in this image.

A) This mineral has a metallic luster.

B) This mineral is opaque, meaning that it is not clear; light does not pass through it.

C) This mineral has cleavage.

D) None of these choices are correct.

132) From the list provided below, choose those observations that accurately describe the mineral presented in this image.

A) This mineral displays one direction of cleavage.

B) This mineral displays three directions of cleavage.

C) This mineral has a conchoidal fracture.