Chapter 6: Deviance and Social Control

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. What is the name for any behavior, practice, attitude, or condition that violates a cultural norm or societal law and results in disapproval?

a. crime

b. pluralism

c. functionalism

d. deviance

Learning Objective: 6.1: Define deviance from a sociological perspective.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Is Deviance?

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. What is the term for an act defined in the law as punishable by fines, imprisonment, or both?

a. deviance

b. a capital offense

c. a crime

d. structural strain

Learning Objective: 6.1: Define deviance from a sociological perspective.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Is Deviance?

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Which of the following is a characteristic of deviance?

a. It is limited to criminal actions.

b. It is often restricted to certain racial, gender, and age groups.

c. It does not include moral judgments.

d. It includes medical conditions, illnesses, and physical abnormalities.

Learning Objective: 6.1: Define deviance from a sociological perspective.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: What Is Deviance?

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. There is a diversity of opinions regarding deviance and criminality because most societies are ______.

a. vengeful

b. postindustrial

c. homogenous

d. pluralistic

Learning Objective: 6.1: Define deviance from a sociological perspective.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: What Is Deviance?

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. In U.S. society, having excessive tattoos may be considered ______.

a. criminal

b. deviant

c. atavistic

d. pluralistic

Learning Objective: 6.1: Define deviance from a sociological perspective.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: What Is Deviance?

Difficulty Level: Hard

6. Which types of offenses are crimes that are punishable by death?

a. deviant

b. capital

c. federal

d. state

Learning Objective: 6.1: Define deviance from a sociological perspective.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Is Deviance?

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Which of the following is illustrative of dynamic definitions of deviance in the United States?

a. long-held beliefs and practices

b. the seriousness of the label criminal

c. the shifting legal status of marijuana

d. the search for biological causes of deviance

Learning Objective: 6.1: Define deviance from a sociological perspective.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: What Is Deviance?

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Theories that explain how deviance occurs are referred to as ______.

a. explanatory

b. functionalist

c. biological

d. interactionist

Learning Objective: 6.2: Describe key theories used in sociology to explain deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: How Do Sociologists Explain Deviance?

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. An early social scientist believed that the shape and size of an individual’s skull could reveal their deviant nature. Which of the following theories does this researcher believe has merit?

a. atavism

b. biopsychology

c. phrenology

d. functionalism

Learning Objective: 6.2: Describe key theories used in sociology to explain deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Biological Perspectives

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Which of the following is true of phrenology?

a. It has been disproven.

b. It was focused on studying the bodies of nondeviants.

c. It claimed that skull configurations of deviant individuals were no different than those of nondeviants.

d. It led researchers to abandon the search for biological causes of deviance.

Learning Objective: 6.2: Describe key theories used in sociology to explain deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Biosocial Perspectives

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Some early social theorists claimed that deviants were throwbacks to primitive early humans. What did they call deviant people?

a. noncriminal

b. atavisms

c. primary deviants

d. Neanderthals

Learning Objective: 6.2: Describe key theories used in sociology to explain deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Biosocial Perspectives

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. Which perspective sees a certain amount of deviance as useful for society?

a. conflict

b. interactionist

c. feminist

d. functionalist

Learning Objective: 6.2: Describe key theories used in sociology to explain deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Functionalist Perspectives

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. Which of the following is characteristic of a functionalist view of deviance?

a. High rates of deviance are useful.

b. The labeling of some as deviant decreases social solidarity.

c. Deviance enhances our sense of the boundaries between right and wrong.

d. Who is and who is not labeled deviant reflects the interests of the ruling class.

Learning Objective: 6.2: Describe key theories used in sociology to explain deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Functionalist Perspectives

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. Which of the following did Durkheim discover?

a. Married men had higher rates of suicide than single men.

b. Protestants had higher rates of suicide than Catholics.

c. Women had higher rates of suicide than men.

d. Poorer people had higher rates of suicide than wealthy people.

Learning Objective: 6.2: Describe key theories used in sociology to explain deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Deviance and Social Solidarity

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. Durkheim suggested that higher rates of suicide were correlated with ______.

a. higher levels of strain

b. higher levels of anomie

c. lower levels of social solidarity

d. lower levels of societal deviance

Learning Objective: 6.2: Describe key theories used in sociology to explain deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Deviance and Social Solidarity

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. Robert K. Merton adopted which sociologist’s concept of anomie into a general concept of deviance?

a. Mead

b. Durkheim

c. Weber

d. Cooley

Learning Objective: 6.2: Describe key theories used in sociology to explain deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Structural Strain Theory

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. What is structural strain?

a. the process of becoming stigmatized or branded as highly disgraceful

b. the conflicting interest of different segments of the population

c. a form of anomie that occurs when a gap exists between the motivation to engage in deviant acts and the opportunity to engage in deviant acts

d. a form of anomie that occurs when a gap exists between the culturally defined goals of a society and the means available to achieve those goals

Learning Objective: 6.2: Describe key theories used in sociology to explain deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Structural Strain Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. Which of the following does structural strain theory assume?

a. There is a widespread consensus on the legitimate means for achieving goals.

b. Success is always attainable through conventional means or conformity.

c. There is an innate harmony between societal goals and the means of achieving them.

d. Society reflects low levels of social solidarity.

Learning Objective: 6.2: Describe key theories used in sociology to explain deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Structural Strain Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. What does structural strain theory explore?

a. the risk of children of deviant parents becoming deviant themselves

b. the deviant behavior of fraternal twins

c. the impediments some members of a society have to achieve societal goals

d. the brain activity in individuals who have committed crimes

Learning Objective: 6.2: Describe key theories used in sociology to explain deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Structural Strain Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. According to Merton’s typology of deviance, which of the following would be a deviant reaction to strain?

a. conformity

b. innovation

c. obedience

d. rationalism

Learning Objective: 6.2: Describe key theories used in sociology to explain deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Structural Strain Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. Which theory of deviance asserts that people differ not only in their motivation to engage in deviant acts but also in the chances to engage in deviant acts?

a. structural strain theory

b. differential opportunity theory

c. control theory

d. conflict theory

Learning Objective: 6.2: Describe key theories used in sociology to explain deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Differential Opportunity Theory

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. A researcher proposes that bank tellers are more likely to engage in theft because they have easy access to money. This statement reflects which of the following theories?

a. structural strain theory

b. control theory

c. differential opportunity theory

d. class-dominant theory

Learning Objective: 6.2: Describe key theories used in sociology to explain deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Differential Opportunity Theory

Difficulty Level: Hard

25. Which of the following theories explains that the probability of delinquency or deviance among children and teenagers is rooted in the lack of strong bonds?

a. structural strain theory

b. social control theory

c. differential opportunity theory

d. class-dominant theory

Learning Objective: 6.2: Describe key theories used in sociology to explain deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Control Theory

Difficulty Level: Easy

26. Which of the following is true of social control theory?

a. It rejects the functionalist perspective of deviance.

b. It argues that a person’s acceptance or rejection of societal norms depends on that person’s experiences.

c. It asserts that deviance arises from anomie.

d. It assumes that most deviant acts are premeditated.

Learning Objective: 6.2: Describe key theories used in sociology to explain deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Social Control Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

27. Which of the following is true of the conflict perspective?

a. It assumes shared norms and values.

b. It presumes that groups with power will use that power to maintain control.

c. It assumes that most deviant acts are spontaneous.

d. It presumes that deviance arises from opportunities.

Learning Objective: 6.2: Describe key theories used in sociology to explain deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Conflict Perspectives

Difficulty Level: Medium

28. Which of the following emphasizes the role of cultural diversity in conflicts between social groups?

a. differential opportunity theory

b. subcultural theories

c. social control theory

d. labeling theory

Learning Objective: 6.2: Describe key theories used in sociology to explain deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Subcultures and Deviance

Difficulty Level: Medium

29. The idea that laws are designed in the interests of the ruling class is central to which theory?

a. class-dominant theories

b. social control theory

c. differential opportunity theory

d. structural strain theory

Learning Objective: 6.2: Describe key theories used in sociology to explain deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Class-Dominant Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

30. Which of the following reflects class-dominant theories of deviance?

a. The disparity in severity of sentencing for pure cocaine and crack cocaine is so large because there is more opportunity to buy crack cocaine.

b. The passage of marijuana decriminalization legislation is deterred because the marijuana is helping cancer patients.

c. Individuals turn to robbery and larceny because they lack legitimate educational and employment opportunities.

d. Those who graffiti a building will be labeled as criminals because private property is a key foundation of capitalism.

Learning Objective: 6.2: Describe key theories used in sociology to explain deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Class-Dominant Theory

Difficulty Level: Hard

31. Which of the following theories of deviance argues that conflicts generated by fundamental inconsistencies in society produce laws defining certain acts as deviant or criminal?

a. structural strain theory

b. structural contradiction theory

c. differential association theory

d. differential opportunity theory

Learning Objective: 6.2: Describe key theories used in sociology to explain deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Structural Contradiction Theory

Difficulty Level: Easy

32. The desire of capitalist employers to keep wages down, combined with their reliance on high-wage earners to buy their products, is an example of which of the following theories of deviance?

a. structural strain theory

b. differential opportunity theory

c. differential association theory

d. structural contradiction theory

Learning Objective: 6.2: Describe key theories used in sociology to explain deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Structural Contradiction Theory

Difficulty Level: Hard

33. Which of the following observations was the starting point of feminist explanations of deviance?

a. Studies of deviance have unnecessarily focused on why rates of deviance vary by gender.

b. Studies of deviance have overemphasized gender-specific cultural norms.

c. Studies of deviance have been biased because almost all research has been done by, and about, men.

d. Studies of deviance have stigmatized women’s deviant behavior.

Learning Objective: 6.2: Describe key theories used in sociology to explain deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Feminist Theories

Difficulty Level: Medium

34. A female student who has had multiple sexual partners is labeled a “slut,” while a male student with the same number of sexual partners is praised by his peers. Which of the following statements does this scenario reflect?

a. Women’s deviant behavior is more likely to be stigmatized.

b. Women are less likely to be labeled deviant.

c. Men are victimized by virtue of their gender.

d. Most research on deviance has been conducted by, and about, men.

Learning Objective: 6.2: Describe key theories used in sociology to explain deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Feminist Theory

Difficulty Level: Hard

35. Which theory asserts that deviant behavior is a result of how people are stigmatized by certain descriptors based on types of behavior?

a. differential opportunity theory

b. differential association theory

c. labeling theory

d. structural strain theory

Learning Objective: 6.2: Describe key theories used in sociology to explain deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Labeling Theory

Difficulty Level: Easy

36. Labeling theory is sometimes referred to as which of the following?

a. everyday deviance theory

b. conflict theory

c. differential association theory

d. societal reaction theory

Learning Objective: 6.2: Describe key theories used in sociology to explain deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Labeling Theory

Difficulty Level: Easy

37. Which type of deviance occurs at the moment that an activity is labeled deviant by others?

a. primary

b. secondary

c. formal

d. informal

Learning Objective: 6.2: Describe key theories used in sociology to explain deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Labeling Theory

Difficulty Level: Easy

38. Which of the following types of deviance occurs when a person who is labeled deviant accepts the label and acts in accordance with it?

a. personal deviance

b. acceptance deviance

c. secondary deviance

d. recidivist deviance

Learning Objective: 6.2: Describe key theories used in sociology to explain deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Labeling Theory

Difficulty Level: Easy

39. Which theory would argue that kids and teenagers exposed to buying and selling drugs would be more likely to develop attitudes favorable to buying and selling drugs?

a. labeling theory

b. subcultural theory

c. class-dominant theory

d. differential association theory

Learning Objective: 6.2: Describe key theories used in sociology to explain deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Differential Association Theory

Difficulty Level: Hard

40. Sara is a 19-year-old college student who decides to attend a sorority party where she and other college students will be binge-drinking. What type of deviance is this considered?

a. sexual deviance

b. underage deviance

c. everyday deviance

d. juvenile deviance

Learning Objective: 6.3: Identify types of deviance studied by sociologists.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Everyday Deviance

Difficulty Level: Hard

41. An employee wants to go to a concert but needs to work that evening. The employee decides to call in sick and go to the concert. What would this be called?

a. everyday deviance

b. primary deviance

c. secondary deviance

d. cultural deviance

Learning Objective: 6.3: Identify types of deviance studied by sociologists.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Everyday Deviance

Difficulty Level: Hard

42. What does the contemporary popularity of pornographic materials in mainstream books and films mean in terms of sexual deviance?

a. We are witnessing a process of redefining sexual deviance.

b. Traditional notions regarding sexuality are still mainstream.

c. Sexual deviance and sexual crimes are synonymous.

d. Sexual deviance is ubiquitous and wide-ranging.

Learning Objective: 6.3: Identify types of deviance studied by sociologists.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Types of Deviance

Difficulty Level: Medium

43. Which of the following is considered a property crime?

a. assault

b. robbery

c. rape

d. burglary

Learning Objective: 6.3: Identify types of deviance studied by sociologists.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Violent and Property Crimes

Difficulty Level: Easy

44. Joel and his friend decided to take his neighbors’ car for a spin, but instead never returned the car and sold it for money. This is an example of what type of crime?

a. organized crime

b. state crime

c. property crime

d. violent crime

Learning Objective: 6.3: Identify types of deviance studied by sociologists.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Violent and Property Crimes

Difficulty Level: Hard

45. Thomas and his friends use their fraternity as a front for selling drugs. This would be considered what type of crime?

a. assault

b. violent crime

c. organized crime

d. white-collar crime

Learning Objective: 6.3: Identify types of deviance studied by sociologists.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Organized Crime

Difficulty Level: Hard

46. Kathy needs to borrow money but cannot get a conventional loan. She contacts a private financier who loans the money at a rate much higher than the conventional rate. What would this type of loan-sharking be called?

a. property crime

b. white-collar crime

c. state crime

d. organized crime

Learning Objective: 6.3: Identify types of deviance studied by sociologists.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Organized Crime

Difficulty Level: Hard

47. Which of the following is the best example of a white-collar crime?

a. motor vehicle theft

b. arson

c. insider trading

d. weapons and drug smuggling

Learning Objective: 6.3: Identify types of deviance studied by sociologists.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: White-Collar Crime

Difficulty Level: Medium

48. Which of the following people are most likely to engage in white-collar crimes?

a. Hideki, who is an assistant manager at a grocery store

b. Jasmine, who works in a shoe factory

c. Felipe, who is a bank teller

d. Bill, who is a hedge fund manager

Learning Objective: 6.3: Identify types of deviance studied by sociologists.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: White-Collar Crime

Difficulty Level: Hard

49. Which type of crime is typically committed to advance government interests?

a. organized crime

b. state crime

c. white-collar crime

d. violent crime

Learning Objective: 6.3: Identify types of deviance studied by sociologists.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: State Crimes

Difficulty Level: Easy

50. Which of the following is characterized as an attempt by people or groups to manage the behaviors of others in order to obtain conformity to established norms?

a. social power

b. social control

c. primary deviance

d. secondary deviance

Learning Objective: 6.4: Discuss how deviance is controlled and punished in the United States today.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Social Control of Deviance

Difficulty Level: Medium

51. What is the generic term for the ability to exercise social control?

a. social power

b. institutional power

c. leadership

d. dominance

Learning Objective: 6.4: Discuss how deviance is controlled and punished in the United States today.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Control of Deviance

Difficulty Level: Easy

52. Which of the following is an example of informal social control?

a. issuing a ticket for speeding

b. making a child apologize for taking something without asking

c. issuing a fine for unpaid taxes

d. getting arrested for drinking under the influence of alcohol

Learning Objective: 6.4: Discuss how deviance is controlled and punished in the United States today.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Social Control of Deviance

Difficulty Level: Hard

53. Which of the following plays a significant role in the success of informal social control?

a. inequality

b. the sociological imagination

c. socialization

d. deviance

Learning Objective: 6.4: Discuss how deviance is controlled and punished in the United States today.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Control of Deviance

Difficulty Level: Easy

54. Which of the following is the best example of informal social control?

a. Shanice has a conversation with her son about his school report.

b. Aniyah is stopped by the police for speeding.

c. Tyler and his friends state that smoking marijuana is okay.

d. Janice is mocked by her friends for not wearing high-end shoes.

Learning Objective: 6.1: Define deviance from a sociological perspective.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Social Control of Deviance

Difficulty Level: Hard

55. The policies that punish at-risk schoolchildren by pushing them into juvenile and criminal justice systems are referred to as which of the following?

a. school-to-prison pipeline

b. mandatory minimums

c. zero-tolerance policies

d. “three strikes” laws

Learning Objective: 6.4: Discuss how deviance is controlled and punished in the United States today.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Schools and Discipline: Is There a School-to-Prison Pipeline?

Difficulty Level: Easy

56. What is the main contributing factor to the increase of detentions, suspensions, and expulsions in schools?

a. juvenile delinquency

b. unfit teachers

c. zero-tolerance policies

d. mandatory minimums

Learning Objective: 6.2: Describe key theories used in sociology to explain deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Schools and Discipline: Is There a School-to-Prison Pipeline?

Difficulty Level: Medium

57. Increased police presence in school has led to which of the following?

a. more student arrests for infractions that would otherwise have been handled by the school

b. a reduction in student infractions

c. a focus on more serious infractions rather than on minor ones

d. increased understanding between students and police officers

Learning Objective: 6.2: Describe key theories used in sociology to explain deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Schools and Discipline: Is There a School-to-Prison Pipeline?

Difficulty Level: Medium

58. Which group is most likely to receive punishment for disciplinary infractions in school?

a. Black students

b. white students

c. Asian students

d. Latinx students

Learning Objective: 6.4: Discuss how deviance is controlled and punished in the United States today.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Schools and Discipline: Is There a School-to-Prison Pipeline?

Difficulty Level: Easy

59. The United States imprisons a higher percentage of the population than any other advanced industrialized nation. Which of the following is one reason for the high incarceration rate?

a. flexible sentencing

b. the failure of informal social control

c. mandatory drug treatment

d. three strikes laws

Learning Objective: 6.4: Discuss how deviance is controlled and punished in the United States today.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Imprisonment in the United States

Difficulty Level: Medium

60. What reduces a judge’s ability to use their discretion when sentencing?

a. mandatory minimum sentencing

b. zero-tolerance policies

c. capital punishments

d. social power

Learning Objective: 6.4: Discuss how deviance is controlled and punished in the United States today.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Imprisonment in the United States

Difficulty Level: Easy

61. Which of the following is a reason why people of color are more likely than whites to be arrested and imprisoned?

a. Schools often expect higher achievement from students of color.

b. Policing generally focuses on poorer neighborhoods.

c. The “War on Drugs” officially ended.

d. The U.S. Supreme Court has ordered the state to reduce its prison population.

Learning Objective: 6.4: Discuss how deviance is controlled and punished in the United States today.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Imprisonment in the United States

Difficulty Level: Easy

62. In many states, ex-offenders who served time for a felony lose their right to ______.

a. housing

b. vote

c. free speech

d. pay taxes

Learning Objective: 6.4: Discuss how deviance is controlled and punished in the United States today.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Stigma of Imprisonment

Difficulty Level: Easy

63. A national “ban the box” movement has arisen with the goal of eliminating the box that ______ applicants are sometimes required to check on their applications if they have been convicted of a crime.

a. grant

b. housing

c. college

d. job

Learning Objective: 6.4: Discuss how deviance is controlled and punished in the United States today.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Stigma of Imprisonment

Difficulty Level: Easy

64. Which type of crime is severe enough to merit the death penalty?

a. organized crime

b. premeditated crime

c. state crime

d. capital crime

Learning Objective: 6.4: Discuss how deviance is controlled and punished in the United States today.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Death Penalty in the United States

Difficulty Level: Easy

65. Which of the following crimes is punishable by death in the United States?

a. treason

b. embezzlement

c. mail fraud

d. involuntary manslaughter

Learning Objective: 6.4: Discuss how deviance is controlled and punished in the United States today.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Death Penalty in the United States

Difficulty Level: Easy

66. About how many states in the United States enlist capital punishment?

a. all states

b. more than half

c. about a quarter

d. fewer than five

Learning Objective: 6.4: Discuss how deviance is controlled and punished in the United States today.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Death Penalty in the United States

Difficulty Level: Easy

67. Which of the following is true of the death penalty?

a. Few modern democratic states use it.

b. Evidence shows that the death penalty deters crime.

c. The European Union is in favor of capital punishment.

d. Most U.S. states use capital punishment.

Learning Objective: 6.4: Discuss how deviance is controlled and punished in the United States today.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Death Penalty in the United States

Difficulty Level: Medium

68. Which of the following defendants is most likely to receive the death penalty?

a. white man

b. white woman

c. Black man

d. Black woman

Learning Objective: 6.4: Discuss how deviance is controlled and punished in the United States today.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Death Penalty in the United States

Difficulty Level: Medium

69. People who oppose the death penalty state that it is a violation of which kind of rights?

a. civil

b. human

c. criminal

d. voting

Learning Objective: 6.4: Discuss how deviance is controlled and punished in the United States today.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Death Penalty in the United States

Difficulty Level: Medium

70. Which racial group received the death penalty three times more than whites?

a. Black Americans

b. Asian Americans

c. Latinx American

d. Indigenous Americans

Learning Objective: 6.4: Discuss how deviance is controlled and punished in the United States today.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Death Penalty in the United States

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. While there is widespread agreement that certain acts, such as homicide or sexual molestation, are deviant, there is a lack of consensus about many other behaviors, such as visible tattoos and facial piercings.

Learning Objective: 6.1: Define deviance from a sociological perspective.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Is Deviance?

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. People may disagree on what is considered deviant, but sociologists have the academic authority to determine what is deviant or not.

Learning Objective: 6.1: Define deviance from a sociological perspective.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Is Deviance?

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. A crime is always considered deviant.

Learning Objective: 6.1: Define deviance from a sociological perspective.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Is Deviance?

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. The majority of early biological theories have stood the test of time and are widely supported by modern criminologists and sociologists.

Learning Objective: 6.2: Describe key theories used in sociology to explain deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Biosocial Perspectives

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Structural strain theory and differential opportunity are both functionalist theories.

Learning Objective: 6.2: Describe key theories used in sociology to explain deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Functionalist Perspectives

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Countries that provide a wider social safety net for their citizens experience lower rates of crime.

Learning Objective: 6.2: Describe key theories used in sociology to explain deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Structural Contradiction Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Data show that the powerful are less likely to escape punishment for deviance.

Learning Objective: 6.3: Identify types of deviance studied by sociologists.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Deviance of the Powerful

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Property and violent crimes in the United States have been steadily increasing.

Learning Objective: 6.3: Identify types of deviance studied by sociologists.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Violent and Property Crimes

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Zero-tolerance policies have contributed to the school-to-prison pipeline.

Learning Objective: 6.4: Discuss how deviance is controlled and punished in the United States today.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Schools and Discipline: Is There a School to Prison Pipeline?

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Capital crimes are those severe enough to qualify for the death penalty.

Learning Objective: 6.4: Discuss how deviance is controlled and punished in the United States today.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Death Penalty in the United States

Difficulty Level: Easy

Short Answer

1. The United States is a pluralistic society. Explain what is meant by this statement and provide an example that illustrates how norms of deviance have changed.

Learning Objective: 6.1: Define deviance from a sociological perspective.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: What Is Deviance?

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Explain the difference between deviance and crime.

Learning Objective: 6.1: Define deviance from a sociological perspective.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: What Is Deviance?

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Explain labeling theory and illustrate it with an example of primary and secondary deviance in the context of drug use or drug trafficking.

Learning Objective: 6.2: Describe key theories used in sociology to explain deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Labeling Theory

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. Use structural contradiction theory to explain violence and crime in poor neighborhoods.

Learning Objective: 6.2: Describe key theories used in sociology to explain deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Structural Contradiction Theory

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. Discuss the relationships between racism, stigmatized behavior, and crime using labeling theory.

Learning Objective: 6.2: Describe key theories used in sociology to explain deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Labeling Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Discuss the relationship between organized crime and differential opportunity theory.

Learning Objective: 6.3: Identify types of deviance studied by sociologists.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Organized Crime

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Give examples of everyday deviance in the context of the life of a college student.

Learning Objective: 6.3: Identify types of deviance studied by sociologists.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Everyday Deviance

Difficulty Level: Hard

8. What are the two main types of white-collar crime?

Learning Objective: 6.3: Identify types of deviance studied by sociologists.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: White-Collar Crime

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. What are the three main features of the school-to-prison pipeline?

Learning Objective: 6.4: Discuss how deviance is controlled and punished in the United States today.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Schools and Discipline: Is There a School to Prison Pipeline?

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Explain the three major factors that have contributed to the rise in the U.S. prison population since the 1980s.

Learning Objective: 6.4: Discuss how deviance is controlled and punished in the United States today.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Imprisonment in the United States

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. Provide three examples of how deviance may occur in public school settings, ranging from disrupting everyday norms to offenses that would receive serious sanction.

Learning Objective: 6.1: Define deviance from a sociological perspective.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: What Is Deviance?

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Discuss how the United States is a pluralistic society. Provide examples.

Learning Objective: 6.1: Define deviance from a sociological perspective.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: What Is Deviance?

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. Use a functionalist perspective to explain the existence and persistence of crime.

Learning Objective: 6.2: Describe key theories used in sociology to explain deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Functionalist Perspectives

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. Why is a conflict theory perspective useful to explain police brutality and the extrajudicial killing of Black men and women by police in the United States?

Learning Objective: 6.2: Describe key theories used in sociology to explain deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Conflict Perspectives

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. What is the relationship between crime and globalization?

Learning Objective: 6.2: Describe key theories used in sociology to explain deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Structural Contradiction Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Discuss the difference between state crimes and police corruption.

Learning Objective: 6.3: Identify types of deviance studied by sociologists.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: State Crimes | Police Corruption and Police Brutality

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. What is the relationship between social control and social power? Give an example regarding laws.

Learning Objective: 6.4: Discuss how deviance is controlled and punished in the United States today.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Social Control of Deviance

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. What inference can you make about race and class regarding the school-to-prison pipeline?

Learning Objective: 6.4: Discuss how deviance is controlled and punished in the United States today.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Schools and Discipline: Is There a School-to-Prison Pipeline?

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Discuss the relationship between social control and imprisonment.

Learning Objective: 6.4: Discuss how deviance is controlled and punished in the United States today.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Imprisonment in the United States

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. What are the implications of the stigma of imprisonment?

Learning Objective: 6.2: Describe key theories used in sociology to explain deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Stigma of Imprisonment

Difficulty Level: Medium