Chapter 3: The Development Project – An International Framework in Global Context

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. The Development Project is also an “international” project in all these respects except that ______.

a. it created an unequal relationship between the colonized countries in the South and the colonizers in the North countries

b. colonized nations were formed within an international framework, including the United Nations, Bretton Woods Institutions

c. it introduced colonized states to international project

d. colonial division of labor required continuous exchange of resources and manufactured goods between Western countries and developing nations.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: An International Framework in Global Context

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. President Sukarno of Indonesia was overthrown in 1965 because he ______.

a. was idealistic

b. opposed the communism

c. believed in economic nationalism

d. did not believe in economic nationalism

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Group of 7: The Capitalist Bloc and the Globalization Project

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. The development project emerged within the ______ and formalized under the ______ program.

a. Western Hemisphere, foreign aid

b. United Nations system, globalization

c. Marshall Plan, Bretton Woods

d. Cold War, Armistice

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The International Framework of National Development Projects

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. U.S. Bilateralism as reflected in the Marshall Plan was a response to the threat from:

a. U.S. colonies

b. Soviet Union/Communism

c. disgruntled U.S. workers

d. U.S. allies

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: U.S. Bilateralism: The Marshall Plan (Reconstructing the “First World”)

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. The World Bank and International Monetary Fund are called Bretton Woods institutions because ______.

a. they were formed under the Woods Party

b. they were established by Mr. Bretton Woods

c. they were established during a meeting at Bretton Woods

d. it is a United Nations designation

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Multilateralism: The Bretton Woods System

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. The Bretton Woods system reflects the interests and policies of First World countries because ______.

a. the President of the World Bank is selected by the U.S. president

b. the Managing director of IMF is appointed by the largest European nations

c. all Third World countries have to pay subscriptions into the World Bank

d. Third World countries were colonized by the First World countries

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Multilateralism: The Bretton Woods System

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. One of the political motivations for foreign aid was to ______.

a. supply arms to political parties

b. undercut competition from nations with rival political ideologies such as socialism

c. appease Third World governments

d. secure tax concessions from Third World countries

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Foreign Aid

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. One of the main differences between the Western and Soviet foreign-aid system is that ______.

a. under the Soviets, loans could be repaid over an indefinite period

b. under the Western system, loans could be repaid in the form of traditional exports

c. under the Soviets, loans could be repaid in local currencies

d. under the Western system, loans have to be repaid in 5 years

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Foreign Aid

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. One immediate consequence of the non-aligned movement was ______.

a. increase in military budgets

b. decrease in social investments in the Third World

c. establishment of several international banks

d. increase in soft loans to Third World nations

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Non-Aligned Movement

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. The Group of 77 (G77) and GATT are related to each other, but different in one respect. Which is it?

a. The G77 was formed under pressure from Third World countries.

b. The GATT adjusted for the uneven effects of colonialism in trade negotiations.

c. The G77 demanded flexible commodity market prices.

d. The GATT focuses only on First World markets.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Group of 77

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. UNCTAD had a limited world-economic impact but was successful in one important respect. Which is it?

a. It blocked the World Bank from appointing Robert McNamara.

b. It allowed international agencies to focus on Third World perspectives in their programs.

c. It forced the U.S. government to increase tax concessions.

d. It allowed the Group of 77 to reassess its goals.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Group of 77

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Which of the following countries are not NICs?

a. Taiwan

b. Singapore

c. North Korea

d. Hong Kong

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Newly Industrializing Countries (NICs)

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. The rise of NICs revealed two sides of the development project, one of which is the ______.

a. rise of military spending in the United States

b. failure of the development project

c. lack of selectivity in the development project

d. rise of living standards and upward mobility in middle-income countries

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Newly Industrializing Countries (NICs)

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. The rise of NICs revealed the selectivity of the development project because ______.

a. private investment only focused on some sectors – such as export production facilities in textiles and electronics

b. it focused on selective interests in Cold War driven military equipment

c. the emphasis was on mass conversion of public industries into private entities

d. private industries only focused on agricultural production

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Newly Industrializing Countries (NICs)

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. What are the NICs?

a. Newly Independent Countries

b. Newly Industrialized Countries

c. Non-Investing Countries

d. Newly Invented Currencies (such as the Euro)

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Newly Industrializing Countries (NICs)

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. The Food Aid Regime occurred because ______.

a. of the failure of Title IV programs

b. food aid was used to subside farmers in First World

c. food aid was transmitted through the military intervention

d. the U.S. agricultural model created surplus food which was sent to Third World countries as aid

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Newly Industrializing Countries (NICs)

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. One function of the Food Aid Regime is to ______.

a. generate food surpluses to subsidize Third World wages with cheap food

b. channel food aid through government agencies

c. neutralize the effects of colonialism

d. disseminate the benefits of development project

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Newly Industrializing Countries (NICs)

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. Which of the three Public Law 480 components affect food aid?

a. Title 1

b. Title 2

c. Title 3

d. Title 4

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Public Law 480 Program

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. South Korea was a food aid success story because the ______.

a. country abided by U.S. standards

b. country subsidized local agriculture against imported food

c. government centralized management of its rice culture and supply of labor to the industrial centers

d. country reduced prices on imported foods

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Food Dependency

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. Despite its promises, one weakness of the green revolution relates to ______.

a. it’s focus on measurable out of plant-breeding agricultural technologies

b. the social and ecological consequences of agricultural technological advances

c. its failure to subsidize urban agriculture

d. its emphasis on modern agriculture

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Green Revolution

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. Which of the following is not characteristic of the green revolution?

a. mechanized agriculture

b. hybrid seeds

c. slash and burn

d. monoculture

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Green Revolution

Difficulty Level: Medium

Multiple Response

1. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. The pursuit of national economic growth in the former colonies depended on a specific type of material international relationships. Which is it?

a. technology transfer

b. foreign aid and international trade relationships

c. import substitution

d. development expert advisories

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The International Framework of National Development Projects

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. The functions of the Bretton Woods institutions were to ______.

a. stabilize national finances and revitalize international trade

b. underwrite national economic growth through funding of development projects

c. expand Third World primary exports to generate foreign currency for First World exports

d. ensure self-sufficiency of Third World countries

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Multilateralism: The Bretton Woods System

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. The UN declared the 1980s and 1990s to be the “Development Decades”.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Green Revolution

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Bretton Woods system is responsible for the underdevelopment of the Third World Countries.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The International Framework of National Development Projects

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Marshall Plan demonstrated that foreign aid is never neutral, and that it is tied to ideological, material, and financial motivations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: U.S. Bilateralism: The Marshall Plan (Reconstructing the “First World”)

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. The World Bank mandates loans for large-scale infrastructural projects.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Multilateralism: The Bretton Woods System

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. The non-aligned movement was a response to the increasing interference of First World policies in the Third World.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Non-Aligned Movement

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. One weakness of the UNCTAD is that it reemphasized quantitative or income-based measures of development.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Group of 77

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Petro-farming and high-yielding varieties of hybrid seeds are examples of the green revolution.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Remaking Third World Agricultures

Difficulty Level: Easy

Short Answer

1. Political independence of colonized states is directly associated with dependent development. Explain.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The International Framework of National Development Projects

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. What are the aims of the Marshall Plan? In what ways does it contribute to the development project?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: U.S. Bilateralism: The Marshall Plan (Reconstructing the “First World”)

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. What roles did the Bretton Woods institutions have in the implementation of the development project?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Multilateralism: The Bretton Woods System

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. Development critiques argue that “Public Law 480” is a double-edged sword. Examine this assertion with respect to the effect of food aid in both “developed” and “developing” nations?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Public Law 480 Program

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. What is the relationship between food aid and class relations? In what way(s) does this relationship contribute to food shortages and starvation in the developing countries?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Food Aid Regime

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. What is the Green Revolution and why is it important to agricultural development in the Third World?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Green Revolution

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. What are the implications of the green revolution for the development project? In what ways do these effects continue today?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Green Revolution

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Define urban bias and discuss its relevance to the development project.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Anti-Rural Biases of the Development Project and Peasant Struggles

Difficulty Level: Hard