Chapter 2: Instituting the Development, Project: Colonialism, Anticolonial Struggles, and Decolonization

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. The social psychological process underlying European colonialism is ______.

a. Hatred

b. Stereotypes

c. Stigma

d. Love

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Colonialism

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Africans, Native Americans, and Aboriginals are similar in all these respects, EXCEPT that they ______.

a. were colonized by Europeans/Americans

b. were converted all converted to Christianity

c. all resisted colonial imperialism

d. were displaced from their ancestral lands

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Colonialism

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Which of the following best completes this statement:

“When the white man came, he had the Bible and we had the land. When the white man left ______

a. we had the gun and he had the Bible

b. we had the gun and he had the gold

c. we had the Bible and he had the land

d. we had the land and he had the Bible

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Colonialism

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Under the colonial division of labor, the principal colonial powers exchanged ______.

a. manufactured goods for slaves

b. guns and tobacco for manufactured goods

c. bible and guns for slaves and land

d. land for gold

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Colonial Division of Labor

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. One consequence of the colonial division labor was the ______.

a. development of colonial industries

b. creation of African military bases

c. development of European colonies

d. developments of non-European nations into primary commodity production

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Colonial Division of Labor

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. In settler colonies, the settlers used military, legal and economic forces to ______ the natives for ______

a. drive away, religious reasons

b. change the law against, administrative purposes

c. wrestle land from, commercial purposes

d. wrestle land from, religious reasons

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Reorganization Under Colonialism

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Belgium turned its colonies into specialized producers of ______.

a. cocoa and sugar

b. wool and wheat

c. gold and diamond

d. rubber and ivory

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Reorganization Under Colonialism

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Resistance to colonialism took many of these forms except ______.

a. military struggles

b. labor unrest

c. religious conversion

d. pan-Africanism

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Anticolonial Struggle

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Decolonization gave development a new meaning in the sense that it ______.

a. transformed nation states into powerful entities

b. linked development to ideals of sovereignty and social justice

c. refocuses development on African countries

d. confirms the perils of World War II

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Anticolonial Struggle

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. The United States led an international development project because it wanted to ______.

a. expand markets and flow of raw materials

b. increase competition between blacks and whites

c. increase competition with the British

d. transform development for the International Monetary Fund

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Decolonization and Development

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. When Chicago traders purchased Midwestern U.S. farm products for processing, and in turn sell the machinery and goods to those farmers, they are demonstrating ______.

a. colonial division of labor

b. internalized division of labor

c. global division of labor

d. reversed division of labor

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Decolonization and Development

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. Economic growth, as a yardstick of development, is fraught with problems because ______.

a. there are no precise indicators of economic growth

b. per capita income, used to measure economic growth, obscures income inequalities and value of non-monetary activities

c. it discounts the role of private enterprise

d. it is subject to manipulation by Western countries

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Economic Growth

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Development was often framed by both West and Soviet blocks as destiny. The endpoint however differs. The West believed in ______, while the Soviet saw ______ as the ultimate goal of development.

a. liberty and progress; authoritarianism

b. private property; capitalism

c. capitalism/free enterprise; communism/abolition of private property

d. individualism; collectivism

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: National Industrialization: Ideal and Reality

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. Despite their differences both the West and Soviet bloc shared the modernist paradigm, believing in ______ as the vehicle for development in each.

a. agriculture

b. education

c. interdependency

d. national industrialization

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Framing the Development Project

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. National industrialization assumes that ______.

a. development requires investment in local technical elites

b. development involved the growth of agrarian societies

c. linear direction for development in order for nations to catch up with the West

d. development requires total dependence on the West

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: National Industrialization: Ideal and Reality

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. Import substitution policies were intended to ______.

a. reverse the colonial division of labor

b. encourage Africans to think of themselves

c. appease the Soviet block

d. promote cooperation between the West and Soviet blocks

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Import-Substitution Industrialization

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. Brazil and South Korea both adopted import-substitution industrialization but differed in one important respect in its implementation. What is this difference?

a. Brazil followed the Soviet model, while South Korea copied the West.

b. Brazil relied more on foreign investment than South Korea

c. Brazil relied more on the educated elite than South Korea

d. Brazil relied on rural agricultural development than South Korea

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Import-Substitution Industrialization

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. ______ is associated with economic nationalism.

a. Marx

b. Rostow

c. Prebisch

d. Bose

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Import-Substitution Industrialization

Difficulty Level: Easy

Multiple Response

1. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. According to the text, rethinking may well require a first step of unthinking development as we know it. This process involves recognizing ______.

a. values routinely discounted in conventional development metrics

b. the importance of ecological balance

c. the emptiness of values based on monetary relations

d. the uncertainty of future development

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Colonial Division of Labor

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. The long-term effects of export monoculture include ______.

a. African handicraft decline

b. disconnection between what was eaten and what was grown for export

c. money determined what people ate

d. development of African agriculture

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Colonial Division of Labor

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Colonialism created new gender inequalities because ______.

a. systems of private property replaced age-old customary land-user rights

b. private property undermined food production, a traditionally female activity

c. it forced men to migrate to work on European estates, reducing women’s control over resources

d. created powerful, independent women traders

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Social Reorganization Under Colonialism

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. New technologies undermined customary systems of grain reserves in India because ______.

a. the railroad and airplane facilitated transfer of grain

b. mainframe computers allowed automation of grain tracking

c. the agricultural revolution facilitated production of grain

d. the telegraph allowed grain merchants to quickly report demand and price for grain in London

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Social Reorganization Under Colonialism

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Decolonization efforts were inspired by ______.

a. racialization of colonial rule ethno-political tensions

b. American and European discourse on rights and national sovereignty

c. fear of Africans

d. disillusionment of the British

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Decolonization

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. The term “Development Project” implies that development is a(n) ______.

a. ideal

b. blueprint for third world countries

c. strategy for world order

d. figment of Truman’s imagination

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Postwar Decolonization and the Rise of the Third World

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Economic nationalism was intended to ______.

a. reverse colonial division of labor

b. use taxes and revenue to finance infrastructural development

c. promote socialism

d. cease total dependence on the West

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Economic Nationalism

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. Experience of colonial rule convinced non-European countries to accept their own cultures.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Reorganization Under Colonialism

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. African communities relied on ancestral ecological knowledge to sustain themselves and their environment.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Colonialism

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Under colonial division of labor colonies were converted into “exporters of raw materials and exporters of sustainability.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Colonial Division of Labor

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Colonial division of labor is synonymous with export monoculture.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Colonial Division of Labor

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. India is an example of Britain’s colonial conquest.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Colonial Division of Labor

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Decolonization was a response to the double-standard of the European colonizers, with respect to discourse on rights and freedom.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Social Reorganization Under Colonialism

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. The racist legacy of colonialism ended with decolonization and colonial liberation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Reorganization Under Colonialism

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. US development model is “outer-directed”, compared to the British’s ______.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Decolonization and Development

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. British imperial development model is “inner-directed” compared to the American model ______.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Decolonization and Development

Difficulty Level: Medium

Short Answer

1. How did the colonization of other countries affect the way Europeans viewed other cultures and justified colonialism?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Decolonization and Development

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. What were some social and cultural impacts of colonialism, and how may they have informed the struggle for national independence in the colonial world?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Colonialism, Anticolonial Struggles and Decolonization

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Explain the concept of colonial division of labor and how it created specializations.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Colonial Division of Labor

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. The “development project” embodied certain assumptions about the process of development, its location, and its future outcomes. What were these assumptions, and how did they square with, confirm, and/or challenge the world order at that time?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Postwar Decolonization and the Rise of the Third World

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. Explain how decolonization was a response to European double standards on individual rights and freedoms.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Postwar Decolonization and the Rise of the Third World

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Discuss the impact of the racist legacy of colonialism on psyche of Indians or Africans, and attempts that have been made to decolonize the psyche of the colonized.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Colonialism

Difficulty Level: Hard

7. Briefly explain Import Substitution:

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Import-Substitution Industrialization

Difficulty Level: Medium