Exam Prep Ch3 The Plant Body

Plants and Society, 8e (Levetin)

Chapter 3 The Plant Body

1) Which of the following is correct?

A) The earliest forms of cellular life were unicellular.

B) Single-celled organisms cannot carry out all the functions of life by themselves.

C) Tissues are composed of specialized organs.

D) Most cells of multicellular organisms such as plants are not highly specialized.

E) The organs of flowering plants include roots, stems, and leaves.

2) Which of the following is not an area of active cell division?

A) apical meristem

B) lateral meristem

C) cork cambium

D) secondary phloem

E) vascular cambium

3) Which of the following tissues results from secondary growth?

A) periderm

B) collenchyma

C) epidermis

D) sclerenchyma

E) None of the above are correct.

4) Two of the following terms are correctly matched based on function. Choose the correct match.

A) cork cambium :: parenchyma

B) collenchyma :: secondary phloem

C) sclerenchyma :: epidermis

D) periderm :: epidermis

E) secondary xylem :: apical meristem

5) Two of the following terms are correctly matched based on a close relationship between the two. Choose the correct match.

A) secondary xylem :: tracheids

B) secondary phloem :: vessel elements

C) primary xylem :: cortex

D) primary phloem :: periderm

E) None of the above represents a close relationship.

6) Which of the following gives rise to leaves?

A) cork cambium

B) vascular cambium

C) apical meristem

D) more than one of these gives rise to leaves

E) None of the above are correct.

7) A single layer of flattened cells on the outer surface of an herbaceous stem defines the

A) cortex.

B) pith.

C) epidermis.

D) apical meristem.

E) periderm.

8) All of the following would be found in epidermis tissue except one. Choose the exception.

A) guard cells

B) companion cells

C) cuticle

D) stomata

E) trichomes

9) Which of the following is a correct statement?

A) Mitotically active regions of vascular plants are called meristems.

B) The three basic types of tissues in higher plants are dermal, ground, and vascular tissue.

C) Apical meristems give rise to primary growth (leaves, nonwoody stems, and roots).

D) Secondary growth results from vascular cambium and cork cambium.

E) All of the above are correct statements.

10) Which of the following cells regulate the opening and closing of stomata?

A) companion cells

B) trichomes

C) guard cells

D) vessel elements

E) tracheids

11) Two of the following terms are correctly matched based on their similarity of function. Choose the correct match.

A) cutin :: suberin

B) cork :: cortex

C) vessel elements :: sieve tube members

D) trichomes :: sclereids

E) sclerenchyma tissue :: living cells at maturity

12) The water-conducting cells found in angiosperms include which of the following?

A) tracheids

B) vessel elements

C) sieve tube members

D) both tracheids and vessel elements

E) both tracheids and sieve tube members

13) What primary tissue composes most of the cortex of an herbaceous stem?

A) sclerenchyma

B) collenchyma

C) parenchyma

D) primary phloem

E) primary xylem

14) Which of the following cells is not commonly found in gymnosperms?

A) sieve tube members

B) tracheids

C) vessel elements

D) parenchyma

E) sclerenchyma

15) Which of the following statements if not correct?

A) The cells involved in the transport of organic materials in the phloem are the sieve tube members.

B) The column of connected sieve tube members is called the sieve tube.

C) Adjoining each sieve tube member is a companion cell with a large nucleus that "controls" the adjacent sieve tube member through numerous plasmodesmata.

D) In monocots, xylem and phloem are found in a ring at the periphery of the stem.

E) Springwood has cells that are noticeably larger than those of summerwood.

16) How do sieve tube member (stm) cells differ from tracheids?

A) stm cells occur in angiosperms; tracheids only occur in gymnosperms

B) stm cells function as living cells; tracheids function as dead cells

C) stm cells lack a companion cell; tracheids have a companion cell

D) stm cells have secondary cell walls; tracheids have only a primary cell wall

E) stm cells are found in vascular rays; tracheids are found only in parenchyma

17) To what cells are companion cells actually "companions"?

A) sieve tube members

B) tracheids

C) vessel elements

D) epidermal cells

E) more than one of these

18) Of the following cells, which does not function as a support cell?

A) fibers

B) collenchyma

C) tracheids

D) vessel elements

E) parenchyma

19) Of the following, which one functions as a living cell at maturity?

A) fibers

B) collenchyma

C) tracheids

D) vessel elements

E) cork

20) The conducting cells of xylem are ________ and ________.

A) tracheids; companion cells

B) phloem; tracheids

C) companion cells; sieve tube members

D) tracheids; vessel elements

E) none of the above are correct

21) Which of the following is not a correct association?

A) Epidermis :: protection

B) Periderm :: protection

C) Collenchyma :: support

D) Xylem :: water conduction and support

E) Sclerenchyma :: photosynthesis and storage

22) Looking at a cross section of a plant stem under a microscope, you see a clearly defined pith in the middle of the stem and vascular bundles in a ring surrounding the pith. You conclude that this plant is likely which of the following?

A) monocot

B) woody dicot

C) conifer

D) herbaceous dicot

E) fern

23) The appearance of annual rings in wood is created by which of the following?

A) smaller springwood cells and larger summerwood cells

B) heavily pigmented springwood cells and lightly pigmented summerwood cells

C) larger springwood cells and smaller summerwood cells

D) the presence of cells in springwood and the absence of cells in summerwood

E) vascular rays that extend to the cork cambium

24) Which of the following would you not find in mature secondary xylem?

A) vascular rays

B) parenchyma cells

C) summerwood

D) cortex

E) More than one of these are correct.

25) In a mature tree, the cortex has been completely replaced by the ________.

A) periderm

B) secondary phloem

C) secondary xylem

D) vascular rays

E) epidermis

26) In the roots of herbaceous dicots, where is the phloem found?

A) in vascular bundles

B) between the "cross-like arms" of the xylem

C) in alternating bands with the xylem

D) in the very center of the root

E) between the pericycle and the endodermis

27) On what tissue would you find the Casparian strip?

A) pericycle

B) cortex

C) endodermis

D) epidermis

E) primary xylem

28) What is the function of the Casparian strip?

A) Maximizes photosynthesis.

B) Conducts sugars to the cortex.

C) Regulates the flow of water and minerals into the xylem.

D) Converts sugar into starch.

E) Prevents water from entering the epidermis.

29) Trees with roots submerged in water, like cypress trees, are able to take in oxygen thanks to which of the following?

A) aerial roots

B) prop roots

C) contractile roots

D) pneumatophores

E) deep tap roots

30) Which of the following root tissues gives rise to lateral root branches?

A) endodermis

B) pericycle

C) apical meristem

D) cortex

E) primary phloem

31) Which of the following choices is not a zone of the root tip?

A) apical meristem

B) zone of elongation

C) zone of maturation

D) vascular cylinder

E) zone of cell division

32) You are viewing a cross section of a plant structure. There is a pith in the middle of the plant structure surrounded by xylem and phloem, which in turn are surrounded by an endodermis. You are most likely looking at which of the following?

A) herbaceous dicot stem

B) herbaceous dicot root

C) monocot stem

D) monocot root

E) woody dicot trunk

33) Which of the following structures is found in an herbaceous dicot root but not in a monocot root?

A) epidermis

B) endodermis

C) cortex

D) pericycle

E) All of these structures are found in both herbaceous dicot roots and monocot roots.

34) The Michigan lily has multiple leaves surrounding the stem. This leaf arrangement is termed ________.

A) pinnately compound

B) whorled

C) alternate

D) palmately compound

E) opposite

35) The leaves of corn (Zea mays) exhibit parallel venation. Corn is classified as which of the following?

A) herbaceous dicot

B) woody dicot

C) conifer

D) monocot

E) fern

36) Most photosynthesis takes place in the ________ of a typical leaf.

A) spongy mesophyll

B) epidermis

C) palisade mesophyll

D) vascular bundles

E) guard cells

37) This plant is a dioecious perennial. The part eaten is the aerial stem. Of the following choices, this plant would likely be a(n)

A) radish.

B) lettuce.

C) carrot.

D) asparagus.

E) turnip.

38) This plant is biennial and is important for the production of vitamin A. The part eaten is the tap root. This plant could be which of the following?

A) radish.

B) lettuce.

C) carrot.

D) asparagus.

E) None of the above are correct.

39) The formation of secondary xylem is due to the activities of which of the following?

A) vascular cambium

B) cork cambium

C) epidermis

D) cortex

E) None of the above are correct.

40) When a botanist speaks of wood, she is really speaking of the ________.

A) secondary phloem

B) periderm

C) cortex

D) secondary xylem

E) None of the above are correct.

41) Which of the following cells does not occur in the phloem?

A) sieve tube members

B) companion cells

C) parenchyma cells

D) vessel elements

E) fibers

42) Support tissues in herbaceous plants are which of the following?

A) cork cells and cortex

B) epidermis and phloem

C) parenchyma and companion cells

D) sclerenchyma and collenchyma

E) sclerenchyma and parenchyma

43) Celery and rhubarb are which of the following?

A) leaflets

B) petioles

C) stems

D) vines

E) fruits

44) Botanically, the radish is a composite vegetable consist of both ________ and ________.

A) root; hypocotyl (base of stem)

B) root; root hairs

C) epicotyl; hypocotyl

D) root; modified leaves

E) None of the above are correct.

45) The cells in phloem involved in the conduction of sugars are ________ and ________.

46) A waterproofing fatty substance that coats cork cells is ________.

47) Whereas the cortex of an herbaceous dicot root is between the epidermis and ________, the cortex of an herbaceous dicot stem is between the epidermis and the ________.

48) A small plant that has modified leaves with sticky glandular hairs that trap insects is the ________.

49) In an herbaceous dicot root, most starch is stored in the ________, whereas in an herbaceous dicot stem most starch is stored in the ________.

50) Monocot stems lack a pith.

51) When there are two leaves at a node, the leaf arrangement is called compound.

52) The stalk that supports the blade of a leaf is the petiole.

53) Trichomes are hair-like structures on epidermal cells that may be irritating to animal herbivores.

54) Taproot systems have one large main root and many smaller branch roots.

55) Palisade cells of a leaf primarily regulate gas exchange between the plant and the surrounding atmosphere.

56) Absorption of water and minerals in a root occurs through the root hairs.

57) The vascular tissue of a root is found in vascular bundles.

58) Vegetative organs of the plant body include roots, stems, and leaves, but not flowers.

59) Leaves are usually the primary (but not the only) photosynthetic structures in plants.

60) If the blade of a leaf is undivided, the leaf is classified as "simple," and if the leaf is divided into separate leaflets, the leaf is classified as "compound."