Exam Prep 3rd Edition Ch.13 The Nekton Swimmers Of The Sea

Investigating Oceanography, 3e (Sverdrup)

Chapter 13 The Nekton: Swimmers of the Sea

1) The most numerous organisms in the sea are fish.

2) There are no endothermic marine organisms.

3) Invertebrates and most fish are poikilotherms.

4) Whales and seals increase their floatation by ________.

A) filling their swim bladders with large quantities of gas

B) storing large quantities of low-density fat

C) blowing bubbles while swimming

D) storing nitrogen in their blood

E) having specialized air cavities in their bones

5) To which group do the tuna, salmon, and swordfish belong?

A) Intertidal

B) Benthos

C) Nekton

D) Photon

E) Plankton

6) Which organisms are able to control their body temperatures?

A) Sea birds

B) Whales

C) Seals

D) Whales and seals

E) Sea birds, whales, and seals

7) Because whales are homeotherms, individuals of a single species can migrate between and survive in waters of very different temperatures.

8) Dolphins and porpoises are small-toothed whales.

9) The Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) protects all nekton in U.S. waters.

10) Whale falls support a large community of organisms including sharks, crabs, and bacteria.

11) The only marine lizard that is a member of the nekton is the marine iguana found in the Galápagos Islands.

12) TEDs are devices to keep seals away from fishnets.

13) Pelagic seabirds nest at sea.

14) The large tusks of the male walrus are used exclusively for fighting off other males during the mating season.

15) Each year, the bowhead and beluga whales migrate from Antarctica to southern California.

16) All sea turtle species are gradually increasing their populations.

17) Seabirds have a very well-developed sense of taste.

18) Sea snakes are found in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans.

19) All eight species of sea turtles are threatened or endangered.

20) A shark is an example of a bony fish.

21) Marine mammals are able to maintain their own body temperature internally.

22) Toothed whales are larger than baleen whales.

23) Seals, turtles, squid, and sea snakes are ________.

A) heterotrophs

B) members of the nekton

C) pelagic organisms

D) All of these are correct.

E) None of these is correct.

24) The largest animals in the world are the ________.

A) sperm whales

B) humpback whales

C) finback whales

D) sei whales

E) blue whales

25) Baleen whales feed principally on ________.

A) copepods and krill

B) diatoms and dinoflagellates

C) fish and squid

D) All of these are correct.

E) None of these is correct.

26) Which migration route is not correct?

A) California gray—between Mexico and the Bering Sea

B) Humpback—between Hawaii and the Gulf of Alaska

C) Bowhead—between the Bering and Chukchi seas

D) Sperm—between the coast of Maine and Greenland

E) Narwhal—between Greenland and Arctic islands

27) Walrus feed on ________.

A) krill

B) squid

C) small fish

D) shellfish

E) small seals

28) The largest sharks and rays are ________.

A) carnivores

B) plankton feeders

C) predators

D) carnivores and plankton feeders

E) carnivores and predators

29) Demersal fish spend more of their time ________.

A) at mid-depths in the water column

B) on the seafloor

C) at the sea surface

D) swimming actively over a wide range of depths

E) in the littoral zone

30) Fish of the bathyal and abyssal zones are generally ________.

A) small bodied, large mouthed, and bioluminescent

B) large bodied, large mouthed, and bioluminescent

C) small bodied, small mouthed, and dark colored

D) large bodied, small mouthed, and dark colored

E) small bodied, small mouthed, and bioluminescent

31) Polar bears ________.

A) do not like to get wet

B) can swim continuously for 100 km

C) feed primarily on fish

D) are found at both poles

E) can swim continuously for 100 km, feed primarily on fish, and are found at both poles

32) Marine mammals use echolocation to detect objects. For echolocation to work, marine mammals must be able to ________.

A) generate rapidly produced clicks of short duration

B) detect faint echoes as their clicks reflect back from objects

C) screen out unrelated loud noises in the sea

D) evaluate the time and direction of return sounds

E) All of these are correct.

33) Polar bears are ________.

A) managed by international agreement

B) top predators of Arctic marine food chains

C) hunted by native peoples

D) protected by the U.S. Marine Mammal Act

E) All of these are correct.

34) Which of the following increased humans' abilities to harvest the great whales?

A) the explosive harpoon

B) motorized hunting vessels and factory ships

C) sonar

D) the explosive harpoon and motorized hunting vessels and factory ships

E) All of these are correct.

35) The only herbivorous marine mammal is a ________.

A) seal

B) sea lion

C) manatee

D) grey whale

E) sea otter

36) Most fish in the bathypelagic are ________.

A) black

B) silver

C) red

D) white

E) colorless

37) In what year was the Marine Mammal Protection Act established?

A) 1913

B) 1920

C) 1945

D) 1965

E) 1972

38) What percentage of birds are marine species?

A) 3 percent

B) 10 percent

C) 22 percent

D) 27 percent

E) 30 percent

39) Which of these is an example of a jawless fish?

A) ray

B) shark

C) hagfish

D) whale shark

E) skate

40) One particular feature found in bony fishes but is absent in cartilaginous fishes is ________.

A) scales

B) gills

C) a swim bladder

D) a pectoral fin

E) a skeleton

41) The countercurrent system of flow is involved in ________.

A) increasing blood flow into gills

B) decreasing the time it takes for blood to flow through gills

C) increasing the amount of oxygen that diffuses into the blood

D) increasing the efficiency of the movement of gills

E) increasing heart rate

42) A group behavior that is much more common in bony fish than cartilaginous fish is ________.

A) territoriality

B) homing

C) schooling

D) migration

43) Baleen whales lack ________.

A) flukes

B) teeth

C) a dorsal fin

D) a blowhole

E) an ear opening

44) The smallest marine mammal is a ________.

A) seal

B) fur seal

C) sea lion

D) sea otter

E) dugong

45) Dolphins and porpoises are small-toothed whales.

46) The nekton only include vertebrates such as fish and whales.

47) Sea snakes spend less than half their time in the marine environment.

48) Birds are homeotherms, meaning they maintain a constant body temperature.

49) The hagfish are the only known vertebrate that is iso-osmotic.

50) Sea otters depend on a thick layer of fat (blubber) to stay warm.

51) All toothed whales use echolocation except baleen whales.

52) The very large eyes of the giant and colossal squid are adapted to ________.

A) detect bioluminescence

B) identify their prey

C) detect ultraviolet light

D) glow in the dark

53) Sea snakes have skin that is ________.

A) impervious to gases

B) poisonous

C) permeable to salt

D) impervious to salt

54) One conservation method used to protect turtles from trawl nets uses ________.

A) sonar

B) turtle excluder devices (TEDs)

C) gill nets

D) acoustic tagging devices

55) The presence of seabirds is a good indicator of ________.

A) marine pollution

B) cold water

C) high productivity

D) the presence of land

56) The Chondrichthyes include organisms such as ________.

A) lampreys

B) hagfish

C) sharks

D) bony fish

57) In the perpetually dark bathypelagic zone, fish tend to be ________.

A) brightly colored

B) fast swimmers

C) frequent feeders

D) bioluminescent

E) absent

58) A keystone species is an organism that ________.

A) is endangered

B) plays a crucial role in an ecosystem

C) is very abundant

D) lives in coastal regions

59) Objections to the "stepping-stone" hypothesis, suggesting that deep-sea hydrothermal vent organisms are dispersed by taking advantage of whale falls (like stepping-stones), include all of the following except ________.

A) the number of overlapping species found at multiple sites is small

B) most whales live and die in shallow waters

C) increasing numbers of vents found suggest that dispersal is not a problem

D) chemosynthetic organisms found at whale falls are not the same as at hydrothermal vents

60) All of the following are part of the nekton except ________.

A) whale shark

B) tuna crab

C) green turtle

D) giant squid

E) All of these are part of the nekton

61) To be considered marine, a species must spend how much of its life in the marine environment?

A) 25 percent

B) 50 percent

C) 75 percent

D) 90 percent

E) 100 percent

62) The colossal squid, the world's largest invertebrate, feeds by ________.

A) active predation

B) ambush predation

C) filter feeding

D) grazing

E) scavenging

63) Which of the following does not describe marine reptiles?

A) animals

B) poikilotherms

C) vertebrates

D) photoheterotrophs

E) None of these is typical of reptiles.

64) Which of the following reptile groups is not represented in the ocean?

A) crocodilians

B) snakes

C) lizards

D) turtles

E) All of these are correct.

65) The most well-developed sense in marine birds is ________.

A) sight

B) taste

C) smell

D) touch

E) hearing

66) Which of the following is not true about both shorebirds and seabirds?

A) They migrate.

B) Their diet comes from the marine environment.

C) They nest on land.

D) They are strong fliers.

E) They are strong swimmers.

67) The group of vertebrates with the most species, that is, the most diverse, in the sea is ________.

A) birds

B) fish

C) reptiles

D) mammals

E) amphibians

68) The most well-developed sense in sharks is ________.

A) sight

B) taste

C) smell

D) touch

E) hearing

69) How does the whale shark, the world's largest fish, feed?

A) active predation

B) ambush predation

C) filter feeding

D) grazing

E) scavenging