Epilogue – Ch18 Test Bank | 6th Edition

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Chapter 18

Epilogue

Chapter Objectives:

• Compare and contrast the systems of psychology in terms of the search for a definitive expression of the discipline.
• Specific evaluation of systems of psychology along dimensions of: The mind as monistic or dualistic, sources of knowledge, psychology as mentalistic or materialistic, and the formation of ideas.
• Psychology as a reflection of the post-Renaissance success of science.

Chapter Summary:

The scope of the book was summarized in terms of the basic issues that have historically confronted psychology. The four systems of psychology -- psychoanalysis, Gestalt psychology, the third force movement, and behaviorism -- were compared along four critical dimensions: mental dualism versus monism, self-generative versus sensory sources of knowledge, mentalism versus materialism, and internal mediation versus external association in the acquisition of knowledge. The evaluation pointed to the relationship between psychology and science, and in particular, the problems resulting from a reliance on materialistic empiricism. Finally, it was concluded that psychology as a theoretical discipline has suffered from the disagreements and controversies of the first century of its existence. Yet in its first one hundred years psychology has been successful as an applied science.

Suggested topics and issues for class discussion and/or short essay examination questions:

1. Why is empiricism the major point of consensus for contemporary psychology? What type of empiricism, rigorous or flexible, is implied in this consensus?

2. Briefly compare the systems of psychoanalysis, Gestalt psychology, behaviorism, and the third force movement according to:

A. The mind, dualistic activity vs. monistic passivity. How do the systems compare with the views of the three national traditions (Chapter 9) on this issue? Within each system, how have positions on this issue evolved?

B. The sources of knowledge, self-generative vs. sensory. How do the systems compare with the views of the three national traditions (Chapter 9) on this issue? Within each system, how have positions on this issue evolved?

C. The basis of psychology, mentalism vs. materialism. How do the systems compare with the views of the three national traditions (Chapter 9) on this issue? Within each system, how have positions on this issue evolved?

D. The acquisition of knowledge, internal mediation vs. external association. How do the systems compare with the views of the three national traditions (Chapter 9) on this issue? Within each system, how have positions on this issue evolved?

1. What is the relationship between science and empiricism?

4. What was the relationship between post-Renaissance advances in the empirical natural sciences and psychology?

5. Describe the union of materialism and empiricism. How did it occur and are there alternatives?

6. In the last 100 years, two periods (the present time and earlier in the twentieth century) have been described as "functional." What are the major similarities and differences between the two functional periods of psychology?

7. How can the diversity of contemporary views on psychology be explained in light of the systems?