Epidemiology Of Osteoporosis Full Test Bank Chapter 46 - Test Bank | Epidemiology of Chronic Disease 2e by Harris by Randall E. Harris. DOCX document preview.

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Epidemiology Of Osteoporosis Full Test Bank Chapter 46

Chapter 46. Epidemiology of Osteoporosis

TEST BANK

True/False Questions

  1. In the world population, the annual number of osteoporotic fractures exceeds 9 million.
  2. The risk of osteoporosis is 2-3 times higher in women than men at all ages.
  3. Most cases of osteoporosis in women are diagnosed after menopause.
  4. The pathogenesis of bone loss and osteoporosis is modulated by multiple risk factors including aging, nutritional deficiencies (vitamin D and calcium), postmenopausal estrogen deficiency in women, and various lifestyle factors including smoking, alcohol abuse, lack of exercise, low body mass, and certain environmental exposures.
  5. Deficiencies in Vitamin D and calcium are also prominent causes of two related bone disorders, rickets and osteomalacia.
  6. Deficiency of Vitamin D is a rare condition in the population of Great Britain.
  7. Combined calcium and Vitamin D dietary supplementation show significant chemopreventive effects against osteoporosis development.
  8. In postmenopausal women, estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) has consistently been found to protect against osteoporosis.
  9. High body mass is a risk factor for osteoporosis in both men and women.
  10. Heavy smoking and alcohol abuse are independent risk factors for osteoporosis.
  11. Excess intake of glucocorticoids significantly increases the risk of osteoporotic fracture.
  12. Occupational cadmium exposure is a risk factor for osteoporosis.

Multiple Choice Questions

  1. Approximately how many people in the world population suffer osteoporotic fractures annually?
    1. 1-2 million
    2. 5-6 million
    3. 9-10 million
    4. 15-20 million
  2. Following osteoporotic fracture, the risk of death is greatest during what time period?
    1. 0-6 months post fracture
    2. 6-12 months post fracture
    3. 1-5 years post fracture
    4. 6-10 years post fracture
  3. All of the following exogenous factors increase the risk of osteoporotic fracture except:
    1. chronic smoking.
    2. alcohol abuse.
    3. excess use of glucocorticoids.
    4. estrogen replacement therapy.
  4. Risk factors for osteoporosis include all of the following except:
    1. cadmium exposure.
    2. autoimmune disease.
    3. regular physical activity.
    4. high body mass.
  5. The diagnosis of osteoporosis is confirmed when the bone mineral density is:
    1. 1.0 standard deviation below normal.
    2. 1.5 standard deviations below normal.
    3. 2.0 standard deviations below normal.
    4. 2.5 standard deviations below normal.
  6. Compared to the general population, what is the approximate relative risk of osteoporotic fracture in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?
    1. 2.0
    2. 3.0
    3. 4.0
    4. 5.0
  7. The pituitary hormones primarily responsible for bone remodeling are:
    1. parathyroid hormone.
    2. calcitonin.
    3. calcitriol.
    4. a and b are correct.
    5. a, b and c are all correct.
  8. In elderly men, the risk of osteoporosis is increased by all of the following except:
    1. low testosterone.
    2. current smoking.
    3. daily intake of 3 or more alcoholic drinks.
    4. Body Mass Index of 30.

Essay Questions

  1. Describe the basic physiology of bone remodeling.

  1. Discuss the pathogenesis of osteoporosis in women and men.

  1. Define the diagnostic criteria for osteopenia and osteoporosis.

  1. Describe the global pattern of osteoporosis.

  1. Discuss vitamin D metabolism in humans and the role of vitamin D deficiency in development of osteoporosis.

  1. Briefly discuss the genesis of rickets and osteomalacia.

  1. Discuss lifestyle risk factors for osteoporosis.

  1. Discuss strategies for the prevention, control, and treatment of osteoporosis.

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Document Information

Document Type:
DOCX
Chapter Number:
46
Created Date:
Aug 21, 2025
Chapter Name:
Chapter 46 Epidemiology Of Osteoporosis
Author:
Randall E. Harris

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